JAPhA Pharmacotherapy最新文献

{"title":"Honoring our authors and peer reviewers","authors":"Pamela C. Heaton BSPharm, PhD, FAPhA","doi":"10.1016/j.japhar.2026.100030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japhar.2026.100030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100736,"journal":{"name":"JAPhA Pharmacotherapy","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100030"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147740312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disparities in sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor usage between patients with and without cancer: A retrospective study","authors":"Michael Sayer,&nbsp;Ali Naqvi,&nbsp;Misako Nagasaka,&nbsp;Pranav M. Patel,&nbsp;Joseph Chang,&nbsp;Victor Lao,&nbsp;Aya F. Ozaki","doi":"10.1016/j.japhar.2026.100027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japhar.2026.100027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Although cardiovascular and kidney protective properties of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) have lead to their increased use in recent years, these trends among patients with cancer are poorly understood.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We evaluated the temporal trends of SGLT2i usage in patients with or without cancer.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Our study population included patients 18 and older having 1 of the following diagnoses: heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) with diabetes (DM). The annual incidence of SGLT2i use was measured within patients with and without cancer within each cohort from 2016 to 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among all study cohorts, the observed yearly incidence of SGLT2i use was considerably lower from 2016 to 2019, never exceeding 2%. Differences in utilization between patient cohorts with and without cancer became visible from 2020 onward, highlighted by differences in 2023 incidence for HFrEF (13.1% noncancer vs. 10.7% cancer), CKD (10.0% noncancer vs. 3.8% cancer), and CVD with DM (7.6% noncancer vs. 5.2% cancer).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Observed incidence rates suggest that patients with cancer were less likely to be prescribed SGLT2i compared with patients without cancer. Further research is needed to understand the barriers to the use of cardiorenal protective agents in the cancer patient population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100736,"journal":{"name":"JAPhA Pharmacotherapy","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100027"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association reviewers—2025","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.japhar.2026.100031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japhar.2026.100031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100736,"journal":{"name":"JAPhA Pharmacotherapy","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100031"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147740311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of bradycardia and syncope associated with the use of cholinesterase inhibitors in patients with Alzheimer disease and related dementias: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Chijioke M. Okeke,&nbsp;Tenia Slade,&nbsp;Sarah Beth Tucker,&nbsp;Olivia Whitworth,&nbsp;Amey Rane,&nbsp;Bryan L. Love,&nbsp;Ibraheem M. Karaye,&nbsp;Saud Alsahali,&nbsp;Nasim Maleki,&nbsp;Nawaf M. Alotaibi,&nbsp;J. Douglas Thornton,&nbsp;Karen McGee,&nbsp;Ismaeel Yunusa","doi":"10.1016/j.japhar.2026.100028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japhar.2026.100028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) may potentiate acetylcholine’s effect on vagal stimulation of the heart, potentially leading to bradycardia and syncope. Evidence for this association is limited, and clinicians may be unaware of the risk.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to systematically review and perform an up-to-date meta-analysis of the risk of bradycardia and syncope among patients with Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD) treated with ChEIs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and reference lists were searched from inception to June 15, 2024. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies. Three reviewers independently extracted data per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and assessed quality using National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute tools. Random-effects modeling was used to estimate pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs. Outcomes were bradycardia and syncope.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 310 records screened, 25 studies (16 RCTs, 7 cohorts, 1 case-control study, 1 pragmatic trial; n = 258,388) were included. The median participant age was 76.3 years (range 70–89.2), and females comprised more than half in 18 studies. Eighteen studies (72%) specifically included patients with Alzheimer disease. The pooled absolute risk of bradycardia was 4.63% (95% CI 1.80–8.55; 16 studies, n = 97,165) and of syncope was 2.31% (95% CI 1.18–3.77; 16 studies, n = 134,162). ChEI use was associated with a statistically significant increase in the risk of bradycardia (RR 1.23 [95% CI 1.14–1.33]; 6 studies, n = 97,396) and syncope (RR 1.40 [95% CI 1.20–1.64]; 9 studies, n = 85,169).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>ChEI treatment in ADRD is associated with an elevated risk of bradycardia and syncope. Clinicians should weigh these risks against therapeutic benefits when managing patients with ADRD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100736,"journal":{"name":"JAPhA Pharmacotherapy","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100028"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the use of dyes at a tertiary academic medical center","authors":"Nandini Patel,&nbsp;Salima Amiji,&nbsp;Kenneth E. Lupi,&nbsp;Charles V. Pollack,&nbsp;Paul M. Szumita","doi":"10.1016/j.japhar.2025.100023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japhar.2025.100023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Medical dyes are used in the hospital setting for various diagnostic, procedural, and treatment indications. In some cases, they are used for indications that are not approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the real-world utilization of the following commonly used dyes: methylene blue, indigotindisulfonate sodium, fluorescein, isosulfan blue, and indocyanine green.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was a single-center, retrospective study including adults who were administered methylene blue, indigotindisulfonate sodium, fluorescein, isosulfan blue, or indocyanine green between March 2023 and August 2023 at a tertiary academic medical center. No exclusion criteria were applied. The primary outcome was the percentage of dye administrations with an FDA-approved indication, both total and stratified by each dye. The indication for each administration was identified via chart review using procedure and progress notes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 616 administrations were analyzed. Of these administrations, 19 (3.1%) had an FDA-approved indication, whereas 597 (96.9%) did not. Methylene blue and indocyanine green were the most commonly used dyes outside of their FDA-approved indication. A total of 351 methylene blue administrations (57.0%) and 233 indocyanine green administrations (37.8%) were off-label.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In the hospital setting, medical dyes may be used for various indications, some of which may not be FDA approved. Establishing institutional policies and procedures surrounding the use of dyes may help guide their use in the hospital setting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100736,"journal":{"name":"JAPhA Pharmacotherapy","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100023"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrition support team impact on critically ill patients receiving parenteral nutrition","authors":"Cassandra Falk,&nbsp;Amanda Roberts,&nbsp;Vince Procopio","doi":"10.1016/j.japhar.2025.100018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japhar.2025.100018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Parenteral nutrition (PN) increases risk of metabolic complications. Limited literature assesses multidisciplinary nutrition support team (NST) impact on critically ill patients receiving PN.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate safety outcomes and guideline concordance of macronutrients prescribed for intensive care unit (ICU) patients on PN with and without an NST.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was a dual-center, retrospective cohort study of adult ICU patients initiated on PN between June 1, 2018, and June 30, 2023. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who experienced an electrolyte abnormality (EA) in the first 72 hours of PN.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>An NST reduced the proportion of patients experiencing EAs in the first 72 hours of PN by 16% (90% vs. 74% [95% CI 8–24], <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression further identified a lack of an NST as an independent risk factor for EA (odds ratio 3.35 [1.74–6.46]). In the first 72 hours of PN, patients with an NST had a greater proportion of patients experience hyperglycemia (67.3% vs. 79.3%, −12% difference [−22.7 to −2.7], <em>P</em> = 0.019) and hypoglycemia (6% vs. 24%, −18% difference [−25.3 to −9.3], <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Finally, no differences were observed in macronutrient prescription concordance with guideline recommendations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In our study, an NST had a mixed impact on PN metabolic complications. It significantly reduced EAs, but increased hyper- and hypoglycemic events. Larger studies including more locations and NSTs are needed to confirm these findings and further evaluate NST impact on patient outcomes such as length of stay and mortality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100736,"journal":{"name":"JAPhA Pharmacotherapy","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100018"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging real-world data to create vancomycin population pharmacokinetic models in younger adults and patients with low serum creatinine","authors":"Jordan T. Brooks,&nbsp;Maria-Stephanie A. Hughes,&nbsp;Jonathan D. Faldasz,&nbsp;Ron J. Keizer,&nbsp;Jasmine H. Hughes","doi":"10.1016/j.japhar.2025.100026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japhar.2025.100026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Vancomycin population pharmacokinetic (popPK) models are essential for precision dosing but can perform poorly in underrepresented populations, including younger adults and patients with low serum creatinine (sCr). These 2 populations show altered pharmacokinetics (PK) compared with the general population; younger patients exhibit faster clearance (CL), whereas low sCr often reflects body composition rather than renal function, leading to implausible CL estimates.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to develop 2 vancomycin popPK models on large, real-world data sets and compare model predictive performance in historically underrepresented populations of individuals: young adults and individuals with low sCr.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Two new vancomycin popPK models were developed using retrospective InsightRX Nova platform data. The model for young adults was trained on patients aged 18-35 years (n = 6080), whereas the low sCr model included adults of all ages with sCr values of less than 0.8 mg/dL (n = 2354). Predictive performance was evaluated using mean percent error, normalized root mean square error (nRMSE), and accuracy (within 15% or 2.5 mg/dL of observed concentrations). Predictive performance was compared across 5 established models using both holdout internal validation data sets and a large, broad adult population external validation data set.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both models used 2-compartment structures with combined proportional and additive error. The young adult model incorporated fat-free mass (FFM) and estimated glomerular filtration rate via Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration 2021, whereas the low sCr model used FFM, raw sCr, age, and sex. The young adult model showed superior accuracy and lower nRMSE across prediction types compared with established models in the internal validation data set. For modeling low sCr, application of rounding sCr rules did not improve model performance. External validation on 384,876 patients confirmed both models generalized well beyond their development populations, with the young adult model performing across age groups and the low sCr model maintaining performance for sCr of less than 1.0 mg/dL.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Developing population-specific vancomycin popPK models improves predictive performance for underrepresented groups. Using measured sCr without imposing clinically common sCr rounding rules optimizes performance. These findings support continued refinement of targeted PK models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100736,"journal":{"name":"JAPhA Pharmacotherapy","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100026"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medication adherence after transition to emicizumab in patients with severe hemophilia A: Results from the ADHEMI study","authors":"Laurie Pagnot,&nbsp;Teddy Novais,&nbsp;Véronique Cahoreau,&nbsp;Isabelle Lopez,&nbsp;Christelle Prudent,&nbsp;Marie Hamon,&nbsp;Estelle Leroy,&nbsp;Anne Cécile Gérout,&nbsp;Elise Toguyeni,&nbsp;Ludovic Sylvestre,&nbsp;Julien Jouglen,&nbsp;Rémi Varin,&nbsp;Valérie Chamouard","doi":"10.1016/j.japhar.2025.100025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japhar.2025.100025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hemophilia A (HA) is a rare X-linked congenital bleeding disorder characterized by a deficiency in coagulation factor VIII (FVIII). Standard treatment includes regular intravenous (IV) injections of clotting factor concentrates, known as prophylaxis. Recent advances, such as subcutaneous nonfactor replacement therapy like emicizumab, have had an impact on management strategies for patients with HA, notably by reducing the burden of IV injections.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the change in medication adherence after the HA treatment modality switch from FVIII or bypassing agents (BPAs) in the case of inhibitors to subcutaneous emicizumab for patients with severe HA.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A multicenter retrospective study was conducted across 11 French reference centers for hemophilia. The study included 187 patients with severe HA treated with emicizumab for at least 12 months after a minimum of 12 months with FVIII or BPA prophylaxis. Medication adherence was measured using the medication possession ratio (MPR), calculated for both periods, accounting or not for the inclusion of emergency doses (EDs). These doses were prescribed in addition to the prophylactic regimen in the case of hemorrhage.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Medication adherence statistically significant increased after switching to emicizumab (mean ± SD) (MPR 0.99 ± 0.07) compared with the previous period with FVIII or BPAs (MPR 0.85 ± 0.23 without EDs, 0.91 ± 0.24 with EDs, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). The proportion of adherent patients (MPR ≥ 90%) rose from 44.4% (without EDs) and 54.5% (with EDs) to 92.0% after the switch (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Switching to emicizumab improves medication adherence in patients with hemophilia A.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100736,"journal":{"name":"JAPhA Pharmacotherapy","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100025"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence in initiators of combination therapy among drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes: A real-world study using group-based trajectory model","authors":"Bilqees Fatima,&nbsp;Sai S. Cheruvu,&nbsp;Samuel C. Ofili,&nbsp;Zahra Majd,&nbsp;Susan Abughosh","doi":"10.1016/j.japhar.2025.100024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japhar.2025.100024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Recent clinical trial data suggested that early use of combination therapy among patients with diabetes has a more durable effect on glycemic control. However, the complexity of multidrug regimens associated with early use of combination therapy makes adherence more challenging, and combination therapy adherence is often inadequately captured.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the adherence trajectories of initial combination therapy users during the first year of antidiabetic treatment initiation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective study using Merative MarketScan research databases (2017-2019). Drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who received initial combination therapy and were continuously enrolled in commercial or Medicare insurance plans were identified. Patients who received 2 distinct antidiabetic medications within 30 days or on the same date were identified as initial combination therapy users. Adherence was measured within 1 year after the index date using the proportion of days covered. Group-based trajectory model (GBTM) was used to identify distinct longitudinal adherence patterns of combination therapy users. A multinomial regression model was performed to examine predictors associated with nonadherence trajectories.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 116,597 drug-naïve patients with T2D were identified, of whom 14,118 (12.1%) initiated combination therapy. GBTM with 4 distinct trajectories of adherence was selected: adherent (30.5%), gradual decline (21.6%), gaps in adherence (21.2%), and rapid decline (26.7%). Overall, 71% of patients followed a nonadherent trajectory. The multinomial logistic regression model assessed that patients with health maintenance organization versus comprehensive plans were more likely to experience rapid decline, gradual decline, and gaps in adherence. Patients aged 55-64 versus 18-34 years were less likely to experience rapid decline in adherence, gradual decline in adherence, and gaps in adherence.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Approximately 70% of patients with T2D who initiated combination therapy followed nonadherent trajectories during the first year of treatment. For initial combination therapy users, targeted interventions are needed to enhance suboptimal adherence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100736,"journal":{"name":"JAPhA Pharmacotherapy","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100024"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145698155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor agonists After bariatric surgery in the veteran population","authors":"Sara Corum,&nbsp;Timothy Morgan,&nbsp;Ashley Thomas","doi":"10.1016/j.japhar.2025.100020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japhar.2025.100020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Obesity is a progressive chronic disease that increases the risk of metabolic complications. Bariatric surgery is recommended alongside comprehensive lifestyle interventions for patients with a body mass index (BMI) of &gt; 40 kg/m², BMI of &gt; 35 kg/m² with obesity-related comorbidities, or BMI of &gt; 30 kg/m² with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Bariatric procedures result in weight loss and improved metabolic outcomes, although weight regain can occur after surgery. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and GLP-1 RA/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor agonists (GIP RAs) have emerged as effective injectable therapies for weight loss and management of obesity-related comorbidities.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This project evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of GLP-1 RA and GLP-1 RA/GIP RA therapy after bariatric surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This single-center, retrospective project included patients who underwent bariatric surgery, were initiated on GLP-1 RA or GLP-1/GIP RA at least 1 year after surgery, and were on therapy for at least 6 months. The primary outcome was the percentage change in body weight from initiation of therapy to 6 months after. Secondary outcomes included the percentage of patients achieving ≥ 5%, ≥ 10%, or ≥ 15% reduction in weight; time from bariatric surgery to therapy initiation; discontinuation or dose reduction of therapy; and weight change comparison between patients with a history of T2DM and not enrolled in a weight loss clinic compared with those enrolled in a weight loss clinic.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fifty patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean percentage weight change at 6 months was −8.4%. For percentage weight reduction, 16 patients achieved ≥ 5%, 13 achieved ≥ 10%, and 7 achieved ≥ 15%. Median time from surgery to initiation of therapy was 111 months. Adverse events occurred in 3 patients (6%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Overall, in patients receiving GLP-1 RA at least 1 year after bariatric surgery, additional weight loss was observed with minimal reported adverse events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100736,"journal":{"name":"JAPhA Pharmacotherapy","volume":"2 4","pages":"Article 100020"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144894792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}