International Turfgrass Society Research Journal最新文献

{"title":"The history of the research, education, and practice of “cold-region turfgrass” in Japan","authors":"Yoichi Ohara","doi":"10.1002/its2.120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.120","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dr. Atsushi Miyawaki, who is said to be the pioneer of turfgrass research in Japan, returned from studying at Kansas State University to a part-time lectureship at Hokkaido University in 1911, beginning 110 yr of turfgrass study in Japan. Professor Miyawaki's original research area was actually in the manufacturing of dairy produce, however, while in America, he became fascinated by the wonderful condition of the pasturelands there. Alongside his dairy studies, he began research experiments and observations on turfgrass during his time in Kansas which he continued on his return to Japan, thus pioneering the field of “turfgrass studies” which had not previously existed in the country.</p><p>From these roots, the triple approach of research, education, and practice in the study of “cold-region turfgrass” has been developed, mostly based at Obihiro Zootechnical University. Over the following 100 yr up to the present day, a line can be drawn through the history of turfgrass studies which connects four key people, Atsushi Miyawaki, Hisatomo Ohara, Kaoru Ehara, and myself, Yoichi Ohara.</p><p>The university, located in the far north of Japan, was founded in 1941 (2021 sees its 80th anniversary) and Atsushi Miyawaki was its inaugural president. Professor Miyawaki had a vision for a university that would contribute to the local society, and with vitality and passion, he encouraged the development of many specialist areas of research and education.</p><p>Aiming to continue the university's early connection with turfgrass, and with the help and advice of researchers from many different countries, in 1964 the Grassland Studies Department was founded. The curriculum was separated into two streams, pastureland studies and turfgrass studies, providing the first ever dedicated “turfgrass studies” program in Japan. In my own time teaching at the department from 1967 to 1992, at the very least, I wanted to continue our activities as the core location for turfgrass studies. Hence, we developed our first-of-its-kind, six-subject approach to turfgrass education.</p><p>From its roots in 1911, turfgrass research in Japan has been systematically developed by four main figures. The serendipitous lining up of these key people, which can be seen in Table 1, has allowed the baton to be passed smoothly from one generation to the next. Through their promotion of research, education and practice related to turfgrass, these four key people have raised the knowledge and human resources involved to a truly international level.</p><p>Here, I will introduce the systematic initiatives that have been carried out by these two organizations in the field of cold-region turfgrass.</p><p>Inspired by the famous utterance of Dr. W. S. Clark, who came from the University of Massachusetts to teach at Sapporo Agricultural College in the late-19th century, “boys, be ambitious!” Atsushi Miyawaki decided in 1902, at the age of 18, to study in America. After almost 10 yr as both a student and ","PeriodicalId":100722,"journal":{"name":"International Turfgrass Society Research Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"1003-1005"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/its2.120","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72156427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The history of the research, education and practice of “Cold‐Region Turfgrass” in Japan","authors":"Yoichi Ohara","doi":"10.1002/its2.120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.120","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100722,"journal":{"name":"International Turfgrass Society Research Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72783303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The golf course as an outdoor classroom—A proof of concept project","authors":"Anders Szczepanski,&nbsp;Maria Strandberg","doi":"10.1002/its2.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.119","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pupils’ learning experience can be improved if part of the teaching takes place in a natural outdoor environment. Golf courses and the land that surrounds them as outdoor classrooms could become particularly important at a time when most of the world's population lives in urban landscapes and when local areas suitable for outdoor activities are becoming scarce. A consequence of the Coronavirus crisis is higher demand for outdoor activities in the urban landscape, including outdoor teaching. The Swedish National Curriculum advocates the development of cognitive as well as affective competencies and skills, which makes outdoor teaching a natural and integrated part of today's school and education, where outdoor and indoor learning activities complement each other. In this project, at Motala Golf Club, in collaboration with the Smedsby School in Motala, methods for outdoor teaching on golf courses and the most suitable areas of the golf course for use as an outdoor classroom were investigated. A training course for participating teachers was held in autumn 2017, and the children visited their new classroom at the golf course in spring 2018. Through this project, Motala Golf Club has become a pilot model for outdoor teaching on golf courses. The concept of the golf course as an outdoor classroom is being implemented in Stockholm municipality and Jönköping municipality.</p>","PeriodicalId":100722,"journal":{"name":"International Turfgrass Society Research Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"1022-1025"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/its2.119","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72153233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creeping bentgrass microbiome: traditional culturing and sequencing results compared to metagenomic techniques","authors":"Edward McNab, D. Benedetto, T. Hsiang","doi":"10.1002/its2.118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.118","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100722,"journal":{"name":"International Turfgrass Society Research Journal","volume":"137 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76743668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The creeping bentgrass microbiome: Traditional culturing and sequencing results compared with metagenomic techniques","authors":"Edward McNab,&nbsp;Daniel Benedetto,&nbsp;Tom Hsiang","doi":"10.1002/its2.118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.118","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recent metagenomic studies have probed the fungal microbiome of intensively managed turfgrasses to better understand the organisms present, which may be beneficial or harmful, but the taxonomic resolution is often limited to the family or genus level. This may relate to the common practice of targeting short ribosomal DNA sequences for estimating fungal abundance and phylogenetic relationships. We collected samples of intensively managed creeping bentgrass (<i>Agrostis stolonifera</i> L.) from Guelph, ON, across two growing seasons and obtained 2,204 foliar epiphytic fungal isolates. Sequencing the entire internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of 251 representative isolates resolved these to 54 species in 31 genera. A comparison of the taxa identified here versus those reported in five metagenomic studies revealed similarities. However, of the 31 genera we identified by sequencing, 13 genera (42%) were not reported in the metagenomic studies related to intensively managed turfgrass systems. The five metagenomic studies identified an average of 44 genera, with 46% (ranging from 4 to 72%) on average being unique to each study. In addition to revealing genera that were not reported in other studies, full-length ITS sequencing had the advantage of being able to resolve to the species level. We could resolve 248 of the sequenced isolates to species with an e-value of 10⁻⁵⁰, with three left at the genus level. Until sequencing technologies can yield full-length ITS sequencing, laborious traditional culturing followed by sequencing of the entire ITS region can give insights into microbiomes not revealed by current metagenomic methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":100722,"journal":{"name":"International Turfgrass Society Research Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"911-915"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/its2.118","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72169600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing a programmatic approach for the control of quinclorac-resistant smooth crabgrass (Digitaria ischaemum) in established bermudagrass turf","authors":"Atikah D. Putri,&nbsp;Edicarlos de Castro,&nbsp;Amy L. Wilber,&nbsp;James D. McCurdy","doi":"10.1002/its2.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.117","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The auxin-mimicking herbicide quinclorac controls crabgrass (<i>Digitaria</i> spp.) after emergence in cool- and warm-season turfgrass species. Quinclorac resistance has been confirmed in smooth [<i>Digitaria ischaemum</i> (Schreb.) Muhl.] and large crabgrass [<i>Digitaria sanguinalis</i> (L.) Scop.]. Two Mississippi smooth crabgrass populations have been confirmed as quinclorac-resistant. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate programmatic approaches to control one of these populations. Treatments included the sequential application of pre-emergence herbicides on 17 Feb. and 10 Apr. 2020, and 25 Feb. and 6 Apr. 2021, alone or with 0.84 kg quinclorac ha^–1 applied postemergence on 10 April 2020 and 6 April 2021, then a second application of quinclorac alone on 18 June 2020 and 16 June 2021. Pre-emergence treatments included 0.05 kg indaziflam ha^–1, 0.84 kg prodiamine ha^–1, 0.56 kg dithiopyr ha^–1, and 0.47 kg prodiamine ha^–1 + 0.21 kg imazaquin ha^–1 + 0.73 kg simazine ha^–1. Commercial standards applied on 10 Apr. and 18 June 2020, and 6 Apr. and 16 June 2021 included 0.16 kg pinoxaden ha^–1 and 2.27 kg monosodium methanearsonate ha^–1. Four weeks after the last application, all treatments except quinclorac (2020 and 2021), dithiopyr (2020), and pinoxaden (2020) controlled quinclorac-resistant smooth crabgrass by &gt;90%. Various standard pre-emergence herbicides adequately controlled the resistant population. Quinclorac combined with pre-emergence strategies provided greater control of smooth crabgrass than quinclorac alone. Ongoing research is investigating the mechanism of quinclorac resistance. Future research should screen a wider distribution of populations and investigate cross- and multiple resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":100722,"journal":{"name":"International Turfgrass Society Research Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"1084-1087"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/its2.117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72147695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing a programmatic approach for control of quinclorac‐resistant smooth crabgrass (\u0000 Digitaria ischaemum\u0000 ) in established bermudagrass turf","authors":"Atikah D. Putri, E. Castro, Amy L. Wilber, J. McCurdy","doi":"10.1002/its2.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.117","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100722,"journal":{"name":"International Turfgrass Society Research Journal","volume":"08 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86022305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of fans and their effects on the turf microenvironment and disease development","authors":"Charles H. Peacock,&nbsp;Paul R. Lyford","doi":"10.1002/its2.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.113","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Common turf management practices such as close mowing, high fertilization rates, and frequent watering, in combination with stressful environmental conditions, can cause creeping bentgrass (<i>Agrostis stolonifera</i> L.) golf greens to decline during the summer months in warm humid climates. Conditions that prevent the natural movement of air across a putting surface can contribute to severe disease problems. Electric fans are being used to provide increased airflow across putting greens on many golf courses. The objectives of this study were to determine if fans could reduce brown patch (<i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>) disease incidence by altering the microenvironment at the canopy surface and reduce canopy temperature and leaf wetness duration and improve turf quality. The study was conducted on a mature stand of creeping bentgrass surrounded by heavy vegetation that impeded the natural movement of air across the putting surface. Fans were used to supplement ambient wind with up to 2.7 m s⁻¹ air velocity across the experiential plots. Three 372-W, 35.5-cm diameter nonoscillating fans were used and operated continuously throughout the study. As wind velocity increased, turf canopy temperatures decreased. Average canopy temperatures were 28 °C at 2.7 m s⁻¹ and 32 °C at 0.3 m s⁻¹. Duration of leaf wetness also decreased as wind speed increased. Average disease incidence ranged from 11 to 33% at the lowest velocities, and 0 to 7% in plots with the highest wind velocities. Results indicate that using fans on creeping bentgrass golf greens significantly affected the microclimate and disease severity was reduced with higher wind velocities.</p>","PeriodicalId":100722,"journal":{"name":"International Turfgrass Society Research Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"1088-1091"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/its2.113","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72160939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of fans and their effects on the turf microenvironment and disease development","authors":"C. Peacock, Paul R. Lyford","doi":"10.1002/its2.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.113","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100722,"journal":{"name":"International Turfgrass Society Research Journal","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88651455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Flower Visiting Insects Specimen Sampling Methodology in Turfgrass‐forb Habitat","authors":"Isadora G. P. Souza, E. Castro, G. Henry, D. Held, Jovonn G. Hill, J. McCurdy","doi":"10.1002/its2.114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.114","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100722,"journal":{"name":"International Turfgrass Society Research Journal","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79513984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}