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Evaluation of South African common bermudagrass germplasm for shade tolerance 南非百慕草种质的耐阴性评价
International Turfgrass Society Research Journal Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.1002/its2.124
Esdras M. Carbajal Melgar, G. Miller, J. Dunne, B. Schwartz, S. Milla‐Lewis
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of South African common bermudagrass germplasm for shade tolerance 南非常见狗牙根种质耐荫性评价
International Turfgrass Society Research Journal Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.1002/its2.124
Esdras M. Carbajal Melgar, Grady L. Miller, Jeffrey C. Dunne, Brian M. Schwartz, Susana R. Milla-Lewis
{"title":"Evaluation of South African common bermudagrass germplasm for shade tolerance","authors":"Esdras M. Carbajal Melgar,&nbsp;Grady L. Miller,&nbsp;Jeffrey C. Dunne,&nbsp;Brian M. Schwartz,&nbsp;Susana R. Milla-Lewis","doi":"10.1002/its2.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.124","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Common bermudagrass (<i>Cynodon dactylon</i> L. Pers.) is a widely grown warm-season turfgrass species characterized by a dense, deep-rooted canopy and high levels of traffic tolerance. However, most cultivars have poor shade tolerance, which limits the use of these grasses in partly-shaded areas. The identification of new sources of genetic resistance to shade will expand the germplasm pool available to breeders for developing improved bermudagrass cultivars. In this study, 24 common bermudagrass accessions recently introduced from South Africa were evaluated for their ability to persist under shade. Entries were established in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Lake Wheeler Turfgrass Field Lab (Raleigh, NC) in the spring of 2019. Following full green-up in summer 2020, entries were evaluated for performance under full sun, and then a 63% shade cloth was installed over the plots. Traits evaluated under shade included: turfgrass quality, turfgrass density, genetic color, ground coverage, turfgrass regrowth and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). A turfgrass performance index (TPI) was calculated to identify the top performers across all traits. Under full sun, seven accessions had comparable performance with ‘Celebration’ and ‘TifTuf’ across traits. Under shade, ‘Stil03’, ‘Q 47620’, ‘TifGrand’, ‘WIN10F’, Celebration, and TifTuf exhibited the highest TPI. Accessions with superior shade tolerance identified in this study represent novel germplasm that can be used in future breeding efforts to improve shade tolerance in bermudagrass.</p>","PeriodicalId":100722,"journal":{"name":"International Turfgrass Society Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/its2.124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72153524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nitrogen rate, irrigation and rainfall impacts on groundwater nitrate levels in sandy coastal golf courses 含氮量、灌溉和降雨对沙质海岸高尔夫球场地下水硝酸盐水平的影响
International Turfgrass Society Research Journal Pub Date : 2022-03-09 DOI: 10.1002/its2.125
A. Martin Petrovic, Thomas C. Cambareri, LaJan Barnes, Stuart Cohen
{"title":"Nitrogen rate, irrigation and rainfall impacts on groundwater nitrate levels in sandy coastal golf courses","authors":"A. Martin Petrovic,&nbsp;Thomas C. Cambareri,&nbsp;LaJan Barnes,&nbsp;Stuart Cohen","doi":"10.1002/its2.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.125","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There have been concerns over fertilizer nitrogen (N) applied to turfgrass areas affecting groundwater quality in sandy coastal areas since the 1970s . Extensive amount of small-scale research studies has determined the major factors that contribute to excessive nitrate-N leaching from turfgrass ecosystems. There are limited data on large-scale groundwater monitoring of turfgrass sites, such as golf courses, which are related to management inputs. There are land-use regulations limiting the amount of fertilized turfgrass in coastal area in the United States which assume a linear relationship between the amounts of N applied and leached. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the long-term impact of yearly variations in N application rate, irrigation amounts, and seasonal precipitation on groundwater quality on golf courses in critical groundwater recharge areas. Two golf courses, The Bridge and Sebonack Golf Club, in this study are in eastern Long Island, NY with systematic groundwater monitoring for NO<sub>3</sub>–N. Each golf course follows best management practices (BMP) including limitations on amount, rate, source and timing of N applications as well as controlled irrigation based on on-site evapotranspiration measurements. The results of this study clearly show that on golf courses in sandy critical groundwater recharge areas that follow BMP, the amount of N applied is not related to NO<sub>3</sub>–N levels in groundwater. Rainfall amounts more closely followed NO<sub>3</sub>–N levels in groundwater, thus abnormally high rainfall can result in higher NO<sub>3</sub>–N levels. Implementing fertilizer BMP can be very effective in protecting groundwater quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":100722,"journal":{"name":"International Turfgrass Society Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/its2.125","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72145415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
NITROGEN RATE, IRRIGATION AND RAINFALL IMPACTS ON GROUNDWATER NITRATE LEVELS IN SANDY COASTAL GOLF COURSES 施氮量、灌溉和降雨对沙质海岸高尔夫球场地下水硝酸盐水平的影响
International Turfgrass Society Research Journal Pub Date : 2022-03-09 DOI: 10.1002/its2.125
A. Petrović, Thomas C. Cambareri, LaJan Barnes, Stuart Cohen
{"title":"NITROGEN RATE, IRRIGATION AND RAINFALL IMPACTS ON GROUNDWATER NITRATE LEVELS IN SANDY COASTAL GOLF COURSES","authors":"A. Petrović, Thomas C. Cambareri, LaJan Barnes, Stuart Cohen","doi":"10.1002/its2.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.125","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100722,"journal":{"name":"International Turfgrass Society Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82550133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Carbon par: Estimating carbon status of land used by Icelandic golf courses and measuring carbon storage of turfgrass on golf fairways and mown roughs 碳比额:估算冰岛高尔夫球场使用的土地的碳状况，并测量高尔夫球道和修剪过的粗糙草地上草坪的碳储量
International Turfgrass Society Research Journal Pub Date : 2022-02-24 DOI: 10.1002/its2.121
Edwin Roald, J. Guðmundsson
{"title":"Carbon par: Estimating carbon status of land used by Icelandic golf courses and measuring carbon storage of turfgrass on golf fairways and mown roughs","authors":"Edwin Roald, J. Guðmundsson","doi":"10.1002/its2.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.121","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100722,"journal":{"name":"International Turfgrass Society Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89509918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Carbon Par: Estimating carbon status of land used by Icelandic golf courses and measuring carbon storage of turfgrass on golf fairways and mown roughs Carbon Par：估算冰岛高尔夫球场用地的碳状况，并测量高尔夫球道和草坪上草坪草的碳储量
International Turfgrass Society Research Journal Pub Date : 2022-02-24 DOI: 10.1002/its2.121
Edwin Roald, Jón Guðmundsson
{"title":"Carbon Par: Estimating carbon status of land used by Icelandic golf courses and measuring carbon storage of turfgrass on golf fairways and mown roughs","authors":"Edwin Roald,&nbsp;Jón Guðmundsson","doi":"10.1002/its2.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.121","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Golf course development has in some cases included wetland drainage or use of pre-existing wetlands. Thus, carbon dioxide loss from golf courses on organic soil can be high, whereas those on mineral soil can store carbon (C). Research indicates that mown grass can store more C than unmown grass, and that more frequent mowing, made possible with robots, can store even more. The Carbon Par project, running from 2020 up to and including 2023, estimates the C status of land used by Icelandic golf courses, to set a benchmark and thus facilitate golf's future improvement in this area. Recommendations for similar estimation elsewhere will be provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":100722,"journal":{"name":"International Turfgrass Society Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/its2.121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72163170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A new era for golf course maintenance: From conventional to robotic mowers 高尔夫球场维护的新时代:从传统割草机到机器人割草机
International Turfgrass Society Research Journal Pub Date : 2022-02-23 DOI: 10.1002/its2.122
Atle Revheim Hansen
{"title":"A new era for golf course maintenance: From conventional to robotic mowers","authors":"Atle Revheim Hansen","doi":"10.1002/its2.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.122","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100722,"journal":{"name":"International Turfgrass Society Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87164411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A new era for golf course maintenance: From conventional to robotic mowers 高尔夫球场维护的新时代：从传统割草机到机器人割草机
International Turfgrass Society Research Journal Pub Date : 2022-02-23 DOI: 10.1002/its2.122
Atle Revheim Hansen
{"title":"A new era for golf course maintenance: From conventional to robotic mowers","authors":"Atle Revheim Hansen","doi":"10.1002/its2.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.122","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bærheim Golfpark in Norway has changed most of its operations from conventional to automated mowing. The golf course has a fleet of 106 robots that mow most of the course and pick up golf balls at the driving range. The project has been innovative and today, we have the world's largest series-connected robot system. Along the way, we have encountered a number of technical and practical obstacles. Today, however, we can say that we have a facility that works well. The transition from manual to automated mowing has resulted in Bærheim becoming one of the most played golf courses in Norway. Its economy has improved significantly, the feedback from the players is very good, and the employees can use their skills on tasks other than mowing grass. We have significantly reduced the use and emissions of fossil fuels for ordinary mowers. This supports the UN's Sustainability Goal Number 13: “Climate action”.</p>","PeriodicalId":100722,"journal":{"name":"International Turfgrass Society Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/its2.122","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72162071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Diversity, composition, and freedom to choose drive the effects of St. Augustinegrass cultivar blends on an herbivorous insect 多样性、组成和选择自由驱动了圣奥古斯丁品种混合物对草食性昆虫的影响
International Turfgrass Society Research Journal Pub Date : 2022-02-23 DOI: 10.1002/its2.123
Ethan M. Doherty, Robert L. Meagher, Adam G. Dale
{"title":"Diversity, composition, and freedom to choose drive the effects of St. Augustinegrass cultivar blends on an herbivorous insect","authors":"Ethan M. Doherty,&nbsp;Robert L. Meagher,&nbsp;Adam G. Dale","doi":"10.1002/its2.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.123","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Warm-season turfgrasses are conventionally produced and maintained as cultivar monocultures, which leaves them less resilient to pest attack than more diverse plantings. Recent evidence has indicated that mixing St. Augustinegrass [<i>Stenotaphrum secundatum</i> (Walter) Kuntze] cultivars can provide pest management benefits compared with cultivar monocultures. Research in other systems has shown that the effects of plant diversity on herbivores often depends on the number and identity of plant species present. Host plant diversity can affect herbivore fitness via postconsumptive physiological effects or before consumption by influencing herbivore behavior or plant defenses. To investigate the mechanisms by which St. Augustinegrass cultivar diversity and composition affect an insect herbivore, six cultivars were mixed to create two levels of cultivar diversity, and fall armyworm life history traits were tracked under no-choice diet mixing conditions and conditions where the larvae could forage among mixed cultivars. These experiments demonstrated that specific cultivar blends can reduce herbivore fitness and herbivory, and that the effects on fall armyworm fitness are likely driven by insect–plant interactions rather than postconsumptive physiological effects. The results will inform pest management strategies in warm-season turfgrass production and management, adding to the literature focused on the effects of intraspecific plant diversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":100722,"journal":{"name":"International Turfgrass Society Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/its2.123","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72162072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Diversity, composition, and freedom to choose drive effects of St. Augustinegrass cultivar blends on an herbivorous insect 圣奥古斯丁草品种杂交对草食性昆虫的多样性、组成和选择自由驱动效应
International Turfgrass Society Research Journal Pub Date : 2022-02-23 DOI: 10.1002/its2.123
Ethan M. Doherty, R. Meagher, Adam G Dale
{"title":"Diversity, composition, and freedom to choose drive effects of St. Augustinegrass cultivar blends on an herbivorous insect","authors":"Ethan M. Doherty, R. Meagher, Adam G Dale","doi":"10.1002/its2.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.123","url":null,"abstract":"Warm-season turfgrasses are conventionally produced and maintained as cultivar monocultures, which leaves them less resilient to pest attack than more diverse plantings. Recent evidence has indicated that mixing St. Augustinegrass [ Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze] cultivars can provide pest management benefits compared with cultivar monocultures. Research in other systems has shown that the effects of plant diversity on herbivores often depends on the number and identity of plant species present. Host plant diversity can affect herbivore fitness via post-consumptive physiological effects or before consumption by influencing herbivore behavior or plant defenses. To investigate the mechanisms by which St. Augustine-grass cultivar diversity and composition affect an insect herbivore, six cultivars were mixed to create two levels of cultivar diversity,","PeriodicalId":100722,"journal":{"name":"International Turfgrass Society Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79579567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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