International Journal of Aromatherapy最新文献

{"title":"Modern British aromatherapy – the way forward: Education and regulation","authors":"S. Jenkins","doi":"10.1016/j.ijat.2006.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijat.2006.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper will seek to outline the development of aromatherapy as practised in France and Britain, will discuss the question of regulation and the position of British aromatherapy vis a vis the House of Lords Report [House of Lords Select Committee on Science and Technology, Complementary and Alternative Medicine HL paper 123; November 2000], the effect on these of therapists moving towards the internal and intensive use of essential oils and examine the potential changes that such practices may require in terms of training and regulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100691,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aromatherapy","volume":"16 2","pages":"Pages 85-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ijat.2006.01.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86184835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro bioactivities of essential oils used for acne control","authors":"P. Lertsatitthanakorn ,&nbsp;S. Taweechaisupapong ,&nbsp;C. Aromdee ,&nbsp;W. Khunkitti","doi":"10.1016/j.ijat.2006.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijat.2006.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Essential oils are used in skincare products for perfuming and aromatherapy purposes. In this study, the bioactivities of seven essential oils commonly used and claimed for skincare namely citronella grass (</span><span><em>Cymbopogon</em><em> nardus</em></span><span> L.), lemongrass (</span><em>Cymbopogon citratus</em> DC), Kaffir lime (<span><em>Citrus hystrix</em></span><span> DC), holy basil (</span><em>Ocimum sanctum</em> L.), sweet basil (<em>Ocimum basilicum</em> L.), plai (<span><em>Zingiber</em><em> cassumunar</em></span> Roxb) and ginger (<em>Zingiber officinale</em> Roscoe) were investigated. Investigation of the in vitro susceptibility of the oils against <span><em>Propionibacterium acnes</em></span> (<em>P. acnes</em>) using the broth microdilution technique revealed that citronella grass oil exhibited the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) at 0.005–0.3 and 0.6–1.2<!--> <!-->μl/ml, respectively. The MIC and MBC values of lemongrass oil were 0.6<!--> <!-->μl/ml and those of kaffir lime oil and holy basil oil were 5<!--> <span><span>μl/ml. Antioxidant activity using the </span>DPPH free radical scavenging assay showed that the IC</span>₅₀ values of holy basil oil (0.03<!--> <!-->μl/ml), plai oil (6.9<!--> <!-->μl/ml) and citronella grass oil (2<!--> <span>μl/ml) were lower than that of ascorbic acid (7.9</span> <!-->μl/ml). Anti-inflammatory activity of the oils determined using the 5-lipoxygenase inhibition assay found that IC₅₀ values of holy basil oil (0.04<!--> <!-->μl/ml), kaffir lime oil (0.05<!--> <!-->μl/ml) and citronella grass oil (0.15<!--> <!-->μl/ml) were less than that of nordihydroquaretic acid (1.7<!--> <!-->μg/ml). Since <em>P. acnes</em><span> has a role in the inflammation of acne leading to scar formation, citronella grass oil may help to relieve acne blemishes. However, further investigation in the form of clinical studies would be necessary.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100691,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aromatherapy","volume":"16 1","pages":"Pages 43-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ijat.2006.01.006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82360133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry of the essential oil of Zygophyllum album L., an aromatic and medicinal plant growing in Algeria","authors":"N. Tigrine-Kordjani ,&nbsp;B.Y. Meklati ,&nbsp;F. Chemat","doi":"10.1016/j.ijat.2006.09.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijat.2006.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The volatile constituents of the essential oil of <span><em>Zygophyllum</em><em> album</em></span><span><span> L., growing in Algeria, extracted by hydro distillation have been analysed. A total of 100 </span>volatile compounds were identified and (</span><em>E</em>)-β-damascenone (11.8%) was the major component of the oil. This is the first report on the chemical compounds of the essential oil of this species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100691,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aromatherapy","volume":"16 3","pages":"Pages 187-191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ijat.2006.09.008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81890352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predominant adsorption of sesquiterpene constituents of lavender, tea tree, lemongrass and thyme thymol oils on hairless mouse and human hairs in an aromatic bath","authors":"S. Inouye,&nbsp;S. Abe","doi":"10.1016/j.ijat.2006.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijat.2006.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Adsorption of the major constituents of lavender<span>, tea tree, lemongrass<span><span><span><span> and thyme thymol essential oils on hairless mouse skin was determined in an aromatic bath. Adsorption occurred in a concentration-dependent manner. </span>Sesquiterpene<span> hydrocarbons showed the most dominant adsorption, especially in dilute solution. This was followed by the hydrophobic monoterpene hydrocarbon and ester. The relatively hydrophilic monoterpene alcohol, phenol and </span></span>aldehyde constituents were poorly adsorbed. The same tendency was observed on hairy mice, mouse hairs, guinea pig hairs and human hairs. This selective adsorption of sesquiterpenes was not observed on natural rubber but observed on </span>keratin<span><span><span><span>, a major protein forming skin and hairs. When examined using the authentic compounds, the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon (β-caryophyllene) and the sesquiterpenols (farnesol, nerolidol, and bisabolol) exhibited the highest adsorption, while the monoterpene </span>limonene<span> and linalyl acetate showed moderate adsorption, and the monoterpenic </span></span>camphor, linalool, </span>perillaldehyde, and thymol showed low adsorption. Human hairs were suggested to be an alternative to mouse skin for adsorption studies of essential oils.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100691,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aromatherapy","volume":"16 2","pages":"Pages 75-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ijat.2006.05.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81946301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural killer cell activity and lymphocyte activation: Investigating the effects of a selection of essential oils and components in vitro","authors":"M.D. Standen ,&nbsp;P.A. Connellan ,&nbsp;D.N. Leach","doi":"10.1016/j.ijat.2006.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijat.2006.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A selection of essential oils and components were tested <em>in vitro</em><span><span> for potential immunomodulating effects on natural killer cell activity (NKCA) and </span>lymphocyte activation<span> through CD69 expression.</span></span></p><p><span><em>Matricaria recutita</em></span>, <span><em>Boswellia</em><span><em> </em><em>carteri</em></span></span>, <span><em>Pelargonium</em><em> graveolens</em></span>, <span><em>Lavandula angustifolia</em></span>, <span><em>Citrus limon</em></span>, <span><em>Melaleuca</em><em> alternifolia</em></span>, <em>Melaleuca viridiflora</em>, <em>Santalum spicatum</em>, <span><em>Cedrus atlantica</em></span>, and <span><em>Thymus</em><em> vulgaris</em></span><span> ct. linalool essential oils were solubilised with ethanol and methylated β-cyclodextrin 1:5:25 (w/v) and pre-incubated at 10</span> <!-->μg/mL and 2<!--> <!-->μg/mL (<em>M. alternifolia</em> and <em>C. atlantica</em>: 2 and 1<!--> <span>μg/mL) with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) for 2</span> <!-->h. They were then incubated for 2<!--> <!-->h with K562 target cells before determination of NKCA. The first 6 of these oils were similarly solubilised, pre-incubated for 2<!--> <span>h with aliquots of whole blood, then incubated with PHA for 4</span> <!-->h before measurement of CD69 antigen expression. Reference components α-pinene, <em>S</em><span>-(−)-limonene, linalool, geraniol<span><span>, thymol, 1,8-cineole, linalyl acetate, </span>eugenol, (+)-terpinen-4-ol, and </span></span><em>trans</em>-caryophyllene were solubilised with ethanol 1:5 and similarly tested.</p><p>Dose-dependent stimulation of NKCA was found for <em>trans</em>-caryophyllene and linalyl acetate. No other effects of essential oils or components were found in these assays. Methylated β-cyclodextrin proved to be a less than ideal agent for enhancing solubility of essential oils, due to substantial effects on assay outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100691,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aromatherapy","volume":"16 3","pages":"Pages 133-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ijat.2006.09.006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83563667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expectancy and the aroma of Roman chamomile influence mood and cognition in healthy volunteers","authors":"M. Moss ,&nbsp;R. Howarth ,&nbsp;L. Wilkinson ,&nbsp;K. Wesnes","doi":"10.1016/j.ijat.2006.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijat.2006.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>To assess the effect of the aroma of the essential oil of Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile) and the impact of induced expectancy on mood and cognition in healthy adults, 80 volunteers participated in an independent groups design study. There were four conditions: (1) aroma and arousal expectancy, (2) aroma and sedation expectancy, (3) aroma and no expectancy, and (4) no aroma controls. Expectancy effects were induced by means of a pre-test session where participants were provided with false information from a supposed official source. Pre-test mood scales were completed followed by the Cognitive Drug Research (CDR) battery and a final post-test mood scale. Analysis revealed a significant effect of condition on overall quality of memory (</span><em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.017), long-term memory (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.008) and accuracy of attention (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.024). Analysis of the pre to post-test changes in mood revealed significant changes in alertness (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.002), and calmness (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.00004). The sedative nature of the aroma appeared to combine with induced sedative expectancy to impair cognitive performance to a greater degree than was found for aroma alone. Subjective alertness was influenced by the sedative effect of the aroma which was ameliorated to some degree by the induced arousal expectancy. Similarly, subjective calmness appeared to be influenced by both the sedative effect of the aroma and induced arousal expectancy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100691,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aromatherapy","volume":"16 2","pages":"Pages 63-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ijat.2006.04.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89201266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does aromatherapy massage reduce job-related stress? Results from a randomised, controlled trial","authors":"T.M. Hansen ,&nbsp;B. Hansen ,&nbsp;G.I. Ringdal","doi":"10.1016/j.ijat.2006.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijat.2006.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this study was to test whether aromatherapy massage has a positive effect on job-related stress. The study was a randomised controlled trial. Eighteen nurses from two psychiatric hospitals were given six aromatherapy massage treatment sessions on a once-a-week basis. Fourteen nurses from the same hospitals formed a control group. The effect of the treatment was measured by Cooper’s Job Stress Questionnaire. There was a significant decrease in reported stress in the experiment group. The result may have implications for job-related stress in the workforce and be of significant economic value.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100691,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aromatherapy","volume":"16 2","pages":"Pages 89-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ijat.2006.04.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86034181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A trial of a mixture of three essential oils in the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting","authors":"E. de Pradier","doi":"10.1016/j.ijat.2006.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijat.2006.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>The management of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) that occurs in 30% of all surgical cases is indispensable for a rapid recovery, patient comfort and the overall image of </span>general anaesthesia. Currently, allopathic drugs proposed in surgery include major drugs such as morphine as well as </span>analgesics<span> of class IIB such as Nefopam and Tramadol. We wanted to demonstrate that it is possible to treat these negative effects of anaesthesia with a mixture of three essential oils via percutaneous application on the anterolateral aspect of the neck.</span></p><p>This study comprised of 73 cases and used a mixture of <span><em>Zingiber</em><em> officinale</em></span> (ginger), <em>Elletaria cardamomum</em> (cardamom) and <span><em>Artemisia dracunculus</em></span> (tarragon) essential oils in equal parts.</p><p>The results were collected approximately 30<!--> <!-->min following application as soon as the symptoms appeared in the theatre recovery room. Seventy five percent of cases had a favourable outcome. The best results were obtained with patients who had received a single drug that provoked the symptoms. In all other cases, results were reduced to a 50% success rate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100691,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aromatherapy","volume":"16 1","pages":"Pages 15-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ijat.2006.01.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85485864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indoor air purification and ventilation systems sanitation with essential oils","authors":"M.-C. Pibiri ,&nbsp;A. Goel ,&nbsp;N. Vahekeni ,&nbsp;C.-A. Roulet","doi":"10.1016/j.ijat.2006.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijat.2006.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>Ventilation systems often host bacteria and fungi that may be dangerous for the health of exposed people. Essential oils are one means among others to prevent microbial development. Used as a basis for many traditional therapies, these odorant plant extracts have been studied extensively in the medical domain and their effectiveness in the treatment of numerous pathologies has been demonstrated. As opposed to most antimicrobial agents currently used for air </span>disinfection<span>, essential oils are low in toxicity. With a view to proposing an indoor air purification method based on the germicidal and odorant properties of essential oils, we selected a pathogenic test strain and followed the AFNOR NF T72-281 standard. This protocol evaluates on a surfaces level, the disinfection efficacy of volatile antimicrobial agents on </span></span>airborne contaminations<span> such as bacteria, fungi and spores. The protocol was applied to one of the most active essential oils, mountain savory, and also to a solution of formaldehyde at a concentration of 40% called formol, a chemical reference in hospitals. We demonstrated that the gaseous phase of the essential oil of savory has a lethal effect on </span></span><em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and it has a satisfying bacteria reduction rate close to the total disinfection achieved with evaporated formol.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100691,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aromatherapy","volume":"16 3","pages":"Pages 149-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ijat.2006.10.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73584765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of fragrance in discontinuing the long-term use of hypnotic benzodiazepines","authors":"T. Komori,&nbsp;T. Matsumoto,&nbsp;M. Yamamoto,&nbsp;E. Motomura,&nbsp;T. Shiroyama,&nbsp;Y. Okazaki","doi":"10.1016/j.ijat.2005.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijat.2005.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An evaluation was made of the usefulness of fragrance application in discontinuing the long-term use of hypnotic benzodiazepines<span> in primary insomniacs with low-dose dependence. Based on the results of pentobarbital<span> sleep time in rats, we made a new fragrance consisting primarily of sandalwood (35%), juniper berry (12%), rose (8%) and orris (6%). This mixed fragrance was found to prolong the pentobarbital sleep time in rats. A total of 42 outpatients with low-dose dependence on hypnotic benzodiazepines, all of whom met DSM-IV criteria for primary insomnia, participated in the study. In advance, all subjects attempted to reduce the doses of drugs gradually (25% reduction a week if possible) and 29 subjects who had failed to do so at all participated in the study on the application of fragrance. A mixed fragrance described above was used. A gradual tapering of hypnotic benzodiazepines (25% reduction a week if possible) was attempted while sniffing the fragrance in bed. The application of fragrance reduced the doses of hypnotic benzodiazepines in 26 of 29 subjects and 12 subjects did not require any drug for sound sleep. The present study indicated that a kind of fragrance may prove effective as an alternative to hypnotic benzodiazepines.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100691,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aromatherapy","volume":"16 1","pages":"Pages 3-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ijat.2005.10.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88870998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}