Intelligent PharmacyPub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.ipha.2024.11.003
Saleem Javid , Abdul Rahmanulla , Mohammed Gulzar Ahmed , Rokeya sultana , B.R. Prashantha Kumar
{"title":"Machine learning & deep learning tools in pharmaceutical sciences: A comprehensive review","authors":"Saleem Javid , Abdul Rahmanulla , Mohammed Gulzar Ahmed , Rokeya sultana , B.R. Prashantha Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.ipha.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ipha.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drug discovery and development is an important area of research for pharmaceutical industries and medicinal chemists. This classical approach demanded significant investments of time and resources to bring a single drug to market. Furthermore, the complexity and vast scale of data from genomics, proteomics, microarrays, and clinical trials present significant challenges in the drug discovery pipeline. Nevertheless, bioinformatics, pharmacoinformatics, and cheminformatics technologies have been developed thanks to breakthroughs in computational methodologies and a surge in multi-omics data, drastically shortening the time it takes to create new drugs. Large amounts of biological data stored in global databases are the building blocks for machine learning and deep learning methods. They make it easier to find patterns and models that can help find therapeutically active molecules with less time, work, and money. Machine learning and deep learning technology are vital in drug design and development. We have applied these algorithms to various drug discovery processes such as protein structure prediction, toxicity prediction, oral bioavailability prediction, de novo design of new chemical scaffolds, structure-based and ligand-based virtual screening, pharmacophore modeling, quantitative structure-activity relationship, drug repositioning, and clinical trial design. Historical evidence underscores the successful implementation of AI and deep learning in this domain. Finally, we highlight some successful machine learning or deep learning-based models employed in the drug design and development pipeline. Furthermore, there has been a notable increase in interest regarding the application of AI technology in hospital pharmacy settings, which has been discussed in this review. This review will be invaluable to medicinal and computational chemists seeking DL tools for drug discovery projects and hospital pharmacies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100682,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent Pharmacy","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 167-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intelligent PharmacyPub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-02-24DOI: 10.1016/j.ipha.2025.02.002
Runhuang Yang, Zongwen Yang, Jingnan Chi, Ya Zhu
{"title":"Insulin delivery devices in diabetes management: Applications and advancements","authors":"Runhuang Yang, Zongwen Yang, Jingnan Chi, Ya Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.ipha.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ipha.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With continuous advancements in diabetes management technology, insulin delivery devices have become increasingly central to the treatment of diabetes. This review discusses the applications and development of various insulin delivery technologies, including insulin pens and pumps, in the management of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Insulin pens are widely used among individuals with T2DM due to their ease of use and dosing accuracy. The recent development of smart insulin pens has further enhanced patient adherence and glycemic control. Insulin pumps, particularly patch pumps, provide more precise glucose management for individuals with T1DM and select T2DM patients, significantly reducing glycemic variability and the risk of hypoglycemia. Patch pumps, as an innovative insulin infusion device, are particularly suitable for patients requiring discreet and convenient use, owing to their compact, lightweight, and tubeless design. This is especially pertinent for the large population of individuals with T2DM. However, mechanical patch pumps still require further optimization, particularly in displaying infusion volume and key operational parameters, to facilitate real-time monitoring and timely therapeutic adjustments by both patients and clinicians. This review summarizes the advantages and limitations of different types of insulin delivery devices and explores their potential role in clinical practice. Further advancements in these systems are expected to offer safer, more convenient, precise, and cost-effective treatment options for diabetes management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100682,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent Pharmacy","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 235-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intelligent PharmacyPub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.ipha.2025.01.003
Sachin Mendhi , Krutika Sawarkar , Amruta Shete , Kuldeep Vinchurkar , Sachin S. Mali , Sudarshan Singh , Pooja V. Nagime
{"title":"Smart healthcare: Artificial intelligences impact on drug development and patient care","authors":"Sachin Mendhi , Krutika Sawarkar , Amruta Shete , Kuldeep Vinchurkar , Sachin S. Mali , Sudarshan Singh , Pooja V. Nagime","doi":"10.1016/j.ipha.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ipha.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into healthcare has catalyzed significant advancements in drug development and patient care, revolutionizing traditional methodologies. This review explores the multifaceted impact of AI on critical areas, highlighting its transformative potential and addressing associated challenges. In drug development, AI facilitates accelerated discovery processes, enhances precision in predicting drug efficacy and safety, and optimizes clinical trial designs. AI-driven technologies such as machine learning (ML) algorithms and deep learning models enable the analysis of vast datasets, leading to the identification of novel therapeutic targets and personalized treatment strategies. In patient care, AI enhances diagnostic accuracy, enables predictive analytics for disease management, and supports telemedicine as well as remote monitoring, thereby improving patient outcomes and accessibility to healthcare services. Despite the promising advancements, the review critically examines the ethical, regulatory, and implementation challenges that accompany AI integration in healthcare. By providing a comprehensive overview of AI's current and potential contributions, this paper aims to provide an elaborative guide that future research and policymaking in smart healthcare.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100682,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent Pharmacy","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 225-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intelligent PharmacyPub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.ipha.2025.01.001
Ayodele James Oyejide , Yemi Adekola Adekunle , Oluwatosin David Abodunrin , Ebenezer Oluwatosin Atoyebi
{"title":"Artificial intelligence, computational tools and robotics for drug discovery, development, and delivery","authors":"Ayodele James Oyejide , Yemi Adekola Adekunle , Oluwatosin David Abodunrin , Ebenezer Oluwatosin Atoyebi","doi":"10.1016/j.ipha.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ipha.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and robotics into the pharmaceutical sector is rapidly transforming drug discovery, development, and delivery (D-DDD) processes. Traditional drug development is often characterized by lengthy timelines, high costs, and complex challenges associated with target identification, drug efficacy, and safety profiling. AI and robotics offer transformative solutions, bringing speed, precision, and scalability to various stages of D-DDD. In this review, we analyze cutting-edge advancements in AI-driven predictive modeling, machine learning algorithms for molecular screening, and data mining techniques that enable efficient drug target identification and toxicity prediction. We also explore robotics applications that enhance automation in high-throughput screening, compound synthesis, and patient-specific drug delivery systems. Through examining the applications, limitations, and future trends of these technologies, this review provides a comprehensive outlook on the potential of AI and robotics to streamline the drug pipeline and enable personalized therapeutic strategies. Our review reveals that the convergence of AI, robotics, and big data has potential to reshape pharmaceutical research, reduce costs, and pave the way for more accessible, effective therapies. This review thus serves as a critical resource for understanding the future trajectory of intelligent, technology-driven pharmacy and its implications for advancing healthcare.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100682,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent Pharmacy","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 207-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intelligent PharmacyPub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2025-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.ipha.2024.11.004
Chunwei Xu , Yue Hao , Dong Wang , Shirong Zhang , Wenxian Wang , Qian Wang , Tangfeng Lv , Zhengbo Song , Ziming Li
{"title":"ECLUNG consensus/guidelines development principles and methods (2024 edition)","authors":"Chunwei Xu , Yue Hao , Dong Wang , Shirong Zhang , Wenxian Wang , Qian Wang , Tangfeng Lv , Zhengbo Song , Ziming Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ipha.2024.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ipha.2024.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100682,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent Pharmacy","volume":"3 2","pages":"Pages 141-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143767170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intelligent PharmacyPub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2025-02-18DOI: 10.1016/j.ipha.2025.02.001
Sanbao Chai , Fengqi Liu , Pei Li , Siyan Zhan , Feng Sun
{"title":"Evaluation of the hypoglycemic and hypotensive efficacy of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes: A model-based dose–response network meta-analysis","authors":"Sanbao Chai , Fengqi Liu , Pei Li , Siyan Zhan , Feng Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.ipha.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ipha.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>To study the dose effect relationship of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT-2i) in reducing blood glucose and blood pressure in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and clinicaltrials.gov for related literature, with the search period spanning from the establishment of each platform to May 1, 2024. The main analysis method used is model-based network meta-analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 192 RCTs involving <strong>67,677</strong> patients with T2DM were included in this study. The results showed that SGLT-2i reduced glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in T2DM by 0.50 % (95 % CI: 0.49 % ∼ 0.50 %) compared with placebo. The hypoglycemic effects of Luseogliflozin and Henagliflozin on HbA1c ranked first and second, with values of 0.92 % (95 % CI: 0.61 % ∼ 1.28 %) and 0.91 % (95 % CI: 0.61 % ∼ 1.36 %), respectively. Compared with placebo, the results showed that SGLT-2i lowered systolic blood pressure (SBP) by 3.23 mmHg (95 % CI: 3.19 mmHg ∼ 3.26 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) by 4.16 mmHg (95 % CI: 4.13 mmHg ∼ 4.18 mmHg) in patients with T2DM, respectively. Canagliflozin showed the greatest reduction in SBP and Luseogliflozin showed the greatest reduction in DBP, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The effect of SGLT-2i in reducing HbA1c in patients with T2DM increased with increasing daily dose, with Luseogliflozin and Henagliflozin being the most effective. SGLT-2i significantly reduced both SBP and DBP in T2DM, but there was no significant dose–response relationship. Among the SGLT-2i, Canagliflozin and Luseogliflozin exhibited better antihypertensive effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100682,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent Pharmacy","volume":"3 2","pages":"Pages 150-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143767172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intelligent PharmacyPub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2024-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ipha.2024.11.002
R. Satheeskumar
{"title":"Enhancing drug discovery with AI: Predictive modeling of pharmacokinetics using Graph Neural Networks and ensemble learning","authors":"R. Satheeskumar","doi":"10.1016/j.ipha.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ipha.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurately predicting pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) is essential for optimizing drug efficacy, safety, and development timelines. Traditional experimental methods are often slow and expensive, driving the need for advanced AI-based approaches in PK modeling. This study compares cutting-edge machine learning models, including Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), Transformers, and Stacking Ensembles, against traditional models like Random Forest and XGBoost, using a dataset of over 10,000 bioactive compounds from the ChEMBL database. The Stacking Ensemble model achieved the highest accuracy (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> of 0.92, MAE of 0.062), outperforming GNNs (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> of 0.90) and Transformers (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> of 0.89). These AI models excelled in capturing complex molecular interactions and long-range dependencies, significantly improving PK predictions. The high accuracy achieved (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> = 0.92) by the Stacking Ensemble method indicates that AI models can streamline the drug discovery process by reducing costly in vivo experiments, enabling faster go/no-go decisions during preclinical evaluations, and ultimately accelerating the development of new therapeutics. This reduction in time and cost could facilitate broader industry adoption of AI-driven PK modeling. Furthermore, Bayesian optimization was employed to fine-tune hyperparameters, further enhancing the performance and robustness of these predictive models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100682,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent Pharmacy","volume":"3 2","pages":"Pages 127-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143767169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intelligent PharmacyPub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2024-09-26DOI: 10.1016/j.ipha.2024.09.009
J. Joselin , B.S. Benila , T.S. Shynin Brintha , S. Jeeva
{"title":"Phytochemical profiling, FT-IR spectroscopy, and antioxidant evaluation of select Lamiaceae species","authors":"J. Joselin , B.S. Benila , T.S. Shynin Brintha , S. Jeeva","doi":"10.1016/j.ipha.2024.09.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ipha.2024.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study aimed to conduct a preliminary phytochemical analysis of aqueous, ethanol, and hexane leaf extracts from <em>Anisomeles malabarica</em> (L.) R.Br. ex Sims, <em>Leucas aspera</em> (Willd.) Link., <em>Ocimum tenuiflorum</em> L., and <em>Plectranthus amboinicus</em> (Lour.) Spreng. The analysis revealed the presence of terpenoids, saponins, glycosides, phenolics, fats, oils, tannins, quinines, and phlobatannins. Quantitative measurements showed soluble sugars at 1.92, 3.76, 2.45, and 2.07 mg/g, amino acids at 0.53, 4.74, 2.3, and 3.25 mg/g, and proteins at 5.43, 2.8, 7.32, and 4.75 mg/g, respectively. Flavonoid contents were 2.43, 6.85, 4.8, and 3.20 μg/g. Phenolic content was highest in <em>Anisomeles malabarica</em> (1.2 mg/g). Chlorophyll levels ranged from 0.4 to 2.15 mg/g, while carotenoids were highest in <em>Plectranthus amboinicus</em> (5.45 μg/g). All leaf extracts exhibited hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion scavenging activities, which increased with extract concentration. FT-IR analysis confirmed the presence of various functional groups. These findings suggest the potential of these Lamiaceae leaves in developing antibiotics and insecticides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100682,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent Pharmacy","volume":"3 2","pages":"Pages 111-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143767738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intelligent PharmacyPub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.ipha.2025.01.002
Xinyi Jiang , Tong Li , Meng Yu , Yiran Zhao , Xiangyi Wang , Yanhe Zhou , Xinmiao Guo , Jiuming He , Jianpeng Huang
{"title":"Development and validation of a UPLC-HR-SIM method to quantify semaglutide for its pharmacokinetic study","authors":"Xinyi Jiang , Tong Li , Meng Yu , Yiran Zhao , Xiangyi Wang , Yanhe Zhou , Xinmiao Guo , Jiuming He , Jianpeng Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ipha.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ipha.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To develop a highly sensitive and interference-resistant ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with high-resolution selected ion monitoring (HR-SIM) mass spectrometry method for the quantification of semaglutide in biological samples, and to apply it for pharmacokinetic analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The UPLC-HR-SIM method was utilized to quantify semaglutide in beagle plasma, requiring minimal sample pretreatment. The method demonstrated a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 5.0 ng/mL for semaglutide in beagle plasma.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Following intravenous (iv) administration at a dose of 0.030 mg/kg, the plasma concentration of semaglutide in beagles exhibited a multi-exponential decay pattern, with an average elimination half-life (t<sub>1/2</sub>) of 44.90 ± 11.45 h.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The UPLC-HR-SIM method has proven to be a highly sensitive and robust approach for the quantification of peptide-based drugs. This method will enhance the understanding of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of semaglutide and facilitate further research into the pharmacokinetics of other peptide therapeutics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100682,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent Pharmacy","volume":"3 2","pages":"Pages 143-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143767171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intelligent PharmacyPub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2024-11-02DOI: 10.1016/j.ipha.2024.10.001
Sanjoy Majumder , Gagan Kumar Panigrahi
{"title":"Advancements in contemporary pharmacological innovation: Mechanistic insights and emerging trends in drug discovery and development","authors":"Sanjoy Majumder , Gagan Kumar Panigrahi","doi":"10.1016/j.ipha.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ipha.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing a new drug and bringing it to the market is a complex and time-consuming process that involves multiple phases of drug discovery and development. However, recent advancements in various technologies, such as multi-omics, genome editing, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Machine Learning (ML), have significantly improved this process. These technologies have made the process more accurate, less time-consuming, and cost-effective compared to the conventional methods of drug discovery and development. In the current age, discovering and developing drugs is a collaborative effort that involves scientific breakthroughs, technological advancements, and regulatory oversight. The pharmaceutical industry is constantly innovating new techniques, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, and prioritizing patient-centered approaches. In this review, we explore the latest and most updated information about using advanced technologies in drug discovery. The review begins by briefly explaining the conventional drug discovery and development process, and then delves into the applications of multi-omics, genome editing technology, systems biology, artificial intelligence, and machine learning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100682,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent Pharmacy","volume":"3 2","pages":"Pages 118-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143767451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}