Integrative Biology: Issues, News, and Reviews最新文献_第2页

Insect pestilence and the futility of simple explanations 昆虫瘟疫和简单解释的无效

Integrative Biology: Issues, News, and Reviews Pub Date : 1999-01-07 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6602(1998)1:5<163::AID-INBI1>3.0.CO;2-Q

Peter Kareiva

引用次数: 2

How different would a world without herbivory be?: A search for generality in ecology 一个没有食草动物的世界会有什么不同?对生态学共性的探索

Integrative Biology: Issues, News, and Reviews Pub Date : 1999-01-07 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6602(1998)1:2<60::AID-INBI4>3.0.CO;2-Z

David S. Bigger, Michelle A. Marvier

{"title":"How different would a world without herbivory be?: A search for generality in ecology","authors":"David S. Bigger, Michelle A. Marvier","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1520-6602(1998)1:2<60::AID-INBI4>3.0.CO;2-Z","DOIUrl":"10.1002/(SICI)1520-6602(1998)1:2<60::AID-INBI4>3.0.CO;2-Z","url":null,"abstract":"The conventional wisdom of most ecologists is that herbivores are generally incapable of strongly affecting plant populations in natural communities. Thus, ecologists have largely focused on the role of competition for limited resources but have ignored herbivory as a primary factor determining plant success. Here, we present a quantitative review of herbivore manipulations and find that herbivores do exert important effects on plant biomass—equally as important as those of plant competition. This result should alter the way plant communities are investigated. Furthermore, we find that the effects of invertebrate herbivores are significantly stronger than those of vertebrates; this is in contrast to widely held views. Quantitative syntheses of accumulated studies, such as the one presented here, can provide surprising answers to a broad scope of biological questions. This is especially important in fields lacking a strong theoretical basis, in which generalities are born from empiricism rather than deductive theorizing.","PeriodicalId":100679,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Biology: Issues, News, and Reviews","volume":"1 2","pages":"60-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6602(1998)1:2<60::AID-INBI4>3.0.CO;2-Z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77706059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 86

We are primates and we are fish: Teaching monophyletic organismal biology 我们是灵长类动物，我们是鱼:教授单系生物

Integrative Biology: Issues, News, and Reviews Pub Date : 1999-01-07 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6602(1998)1:3<108::AID-INBI5>3.0.CO;2-T

Harry W. Greene

引用次数: 5

1999 Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology Annual Meeting 1999年综合与比较生物学学会年会

Integrative Biology: Issues, News, and Reviews Pub Date : 1999-01-07 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6602(1998)1:4<161::AID-INBI5>3.0.CO;2-H

引用次数: 0

From slither to hither: Orientation and spatial learning in snakes 从滑到这里:蛇的定向和空间学习

Integrative Biology: Issues, News, and Reviews Pub Date : 1999-01-07 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6602(1998)1:3<81::AID-INBI2>3.0.CO;2-V

David A. Holtzman

{"title":"From slither to hither: Orientation and spatial learning in snakes","authors":"David A. Holtzman","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1520-6602(1998)1:3<81::AID-INBI2>3.0.CO;2-V","DOIUrl":"10.1002/(SICI)1520-6602(1998)1:3<81::AID-INBI2>3.0.CO;2-V","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial learning is necessary for most animals to survive in their natural environment. Spatial problems encountered by animals in nature are relatively constant across species, such as going to and from shelter or a food source. Most studies of orientation and spatial learning have been done in birds and mammals, but reptiles are particularly interesting because they have strong links between ecological factors, sensory processes, and behavior. Field studies suggest strongly that snakes can learn and remember spatial tasks encountered in the wild, including orientation, homing, and the localization of mates, shelter and foraging areas. Several sensory cues have been hypothesized to be used by snakes for orientation and navigation, with few direct tests of these hypotheses. A spatial learning and memory task has been developed that is relevant behaviorally to snakes and that they can learn rapidly. This open field escape task uses the natural behavior of snakes to address mechanistic hypotheses about their spatial learning and memory.","PeriodicalId":100679,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Biology: Issues, News, and Reviews","volume":"1 3","pages":"81-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6602(1998)1:3<81::AID-INBI2>3.0.CO;2-V","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85063854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Integrative biology and sexual selection 综合生物学和性选择

Integrative Biology: Issues, News, and Reviews Pub Date : 1999-01-07 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6602(1998)1:2<68::AID-INBI5>3.0.CO;2-O

Michael J. Ryan, Kellar Autumn, David B. Wake

{"title":"Integrative biology and sexual selection","authors":"Michael J. Ryan, Kellar Autumn, David B. Wake","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1520-6602(1998)1:2<68::AID-INBI5>3.0.CO;2-O","DOIUrl":"10.1002/(SICI)1520-6602(1998)1:2<68::AID-INBI5>3.0.CO;2-O","url":null,"abstract":"Sexual selection by female choice has been defined operationally as a change in male fitness due to variance in the number of mates, and studies of population biology have demonstrated this effect clearly. We argue that sexual selection is a richer phenomenon than this narrow definition implies, involving the interaction of sensory and perceptual mechanisms with signals, all of which can be influenced by an organism's hormonal and experiential milieu. The interaction between signals and receivers is further modulated by physiological processes, social context, and the physical environment. Thus, an approach to sexual selection that integrates mechanistic factors is essential for comprehensive understanding. Merging population biology with mechanistic studies, however, might not be sufficient. This is because the precise forms of the receivers and signals are the products not only of selection on current variability, but also of their evolutionary histories. We cannot imagine how researchers can hope to understand not only the “message” conveyed by a signal but the particular phenotypes that convey and receive this message without reference to history. We urge that our field advance beyond operational definitions and toward an organismal and historical understanding of the processes and mechanisms that underlie sexual selection.","PeriodicalId":100679,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Biology: Issues, News, and Reviews","volume":"1 2","pages":"68-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6602(1998)1:2<68::AID-INBI5>3.0.CO;2-O","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77394798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Silicon teachers in undergraduate biology 本科生物学的硅教师

Integrative Biology: Issues, News, and Reviews Pub Date : 1999-01-07 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6602(1998)1:3<99::AID-INBI4>3.0.CO;2-E

Eli Meir

引用次数: 0

Cells, embryos, and evolution: Toward a cellular and developmental understanding of phenotypic variation and evolutionary adaptability 细胞、胚胎和进化:对表型变异和进化适应性的细胞和发育理解

Integrative Biology: Issues, News, and Reviews Pub Date : 1999-01-07 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6602(1998)1:2<73::AID-INBI6>3.0.CO;2-N

John Tyler Bonner

引用次数: 176

What can adaptive management do for our fish, forests, food, and biodiversity? 适应性管理能为我们的鱼类、森林、食物和生物多样性做些什么?

Integrative Biology: Issues, News, and Reviews Pub Date : 1999-01-07 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6602(1998)1:1<16::AID-INBI3>3.0.CO;2-D

Ana M. Parma

引用次数: 181

Outbreaks and interacting factors: Insect population explosions synthesized and dissected 暴发和相互作用因素:昆虫种群爆炸的合成和解剖

Integrative Biology: Issues, News, and Reviews Pub Date : 1999-01-07 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6602(1998)1:5<166::AID-INBI2>3.0.CO;2-K

Alison F. Hunter, Greg Dwyer

{"title":"Outbreaks and interacting factors: Insect population explosions synthesized and dissected","authors":"Alison F. Hunter, Greg Dwyer","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1520-6602(1998)1:5<166::AID-INBI2>3.0.CO;2-K","DOIUrl":"10.1002/(SICI)1520-6602(1998)1:5<166::AID-INBI2>3.0.CO;2-K","url":null,"abstract":"Insect outbreaks have attracted a great deal of attention from ecologists, but an understanding of outbreaks has been elusive. We argue that a major reason for this lack of understanding is that most ecologists focus on single factor explanations, while most outbreaks are probably determined by multiple factors. This focus on single factors is not just due to investigator bias, but seems to be inherent in the major approaches used to study outbreaking insects. Theoreticians have focused on fitting mathematical models to time series of densities; we show, however, that this method is not capable of distinguishing among mechanisms. Field biologists typically rely on experiments that test only one factor at a time, probably due to the difficulty of performing experiments on an appropriate scale. We suggest that a way out of this problem may be to closely integrate models and experiments so that moderately complex mathematical hypotheses may be tested in the field without too great expense.","PeriodicalId":100679,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Biology: Issues, News, and Reviews","volume":"1 5","pages":"166-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6602(1998)1:5<166::AID-INBI2>3.0.CO;2-K","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73497729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16