iLABMED最新文献

{"title":"Identification of new diagnostic targets for hepatitis B virus-induced liver fibrosis","authors":"Ying Wang,&nbsp;Shuo Qin,&nbsp;Meng Yang,&nbsp;Xiaoling Wang","doi":"10.1002/ila2.30","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ila2.30","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Liver fibrosis is a transitional stage from hepatitis to cirrhosis, and hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the most common cause of liver disease. Transcriptome sequencing technology and bioinformatics analysis are increasingly being used to screen diagnostic targets for liver fibrosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The GSE171294 dataset of HBV-induced liver fibrosis tissue and normal tissue was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) public database and used to screen for differentially expressed mRNAs using R software. mRNAs with |log fold change| &gt;1 and <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05 were considered to be differentially expressed. A heat map was drawn to visualize the expression patterns of the differentially expressed mRNAs. To screen for candidate target mRNAs, the differentially expressed mRNAs were annotated by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analysis. Finally, a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to analyze the relationships between the differentially expressed mRNAs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 243 differentially expressed mRNAs were identified (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05); 129 were up-regulated and 114 were down-regulated. The up-regulated and down-regulated mRNAs were significantly enriched in 16 and 8 KEGG pathways, respectively. The enriched KEGG pathways included Salmonella infection, Protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, IL-17 signaling pathway, and Aldosterone synthesis and secretion. The enriched GO terms were related mainly to cell proliferation, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum complex assembly, and myosin synthesis. The PPI network contained 161 nodes and 120 pairs of interactions. The top 10 key nodes were <i>CAV1, CD4, NR3C1, PDIA3, EZR, IRF4, SOX9, HSP90AB1, CD40,</i> and <i>SEC13</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bioinformatics analysis of the transcriptome sequencing data in the GSE171294 dataset identified <i>CD4</i>, <i>NR3C1</i>, and <i>EZR</i> and other genes at key nodes as new targets for the treatment of liver fibrosis caused by HBV. These results provide new insights for HBV-induced liver fibrosis research and clinical treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100656,"journal":{"name":"iLABMED","volume":"2 1","pages":"27-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ila2.30","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139453544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of the epidemic characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection around COVID pandemic","authors":"Hongmei Sun,&nbsp;Li Xiao","doi":"10.1002/ila2.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ila2.27","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> (<i>M. pneumoniae</i>) is a cell wall-less respiratory pathogen causing community-acquired pneumonia and extrapulmonary manifestations. It is transmitted through close contact and shows periodic regional outbreaks. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic interfered with the global spread of <i>M. pneumoniae</i>. A large-scale post-COVID outbreak is currently ongoing in China. To help physicians better understand and manage this epidemic, we provide this review summarizing current knowledge on the pathogenesis, epidemic characteristics, macrolide resistance, diagnostic methods, and clinical treatment strategies for this pathogen.</p>","PeriodicalId":100656,"journal":{"name":"iLABMED","volume":"1 3","pages":"148-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ila2.27","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139041982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The important role of skin biopsies in the diagnosis of mpox","authors":"Wun-Ju Shieh","doi":"10.1002/ila2.29","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ila2.29","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Skin biopsy is an important, efficient, and safe procedure for diagnosing infectious dermatopathy, including mpox. An optimal approach of laboratory diagnosis of mpox should include obtaining a skin punch biopsy from pertinent lesions for pathologic evaluation in addition to conventional swab or scrap for molecular testing.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":100656,"journal":{"name":"iLABMED","volume":"1 3","pages":"143-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ila2.29","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138586130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mutating Escherichia coli caused multiple organ dysfunction syndrome","authors":"Lihua Qi,&nbsp;Wencheng Xue,&nbsp;Xuelin Liu,&nbsp;Shaofu Qiu,&nbsp;Jie Liu","doi":"10.1002/ila2.26","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ila2.26","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> is of great concern in the clinical setting. But few reports have demonstrated the variation in disease course. We present a severe case of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome caused by <i>E. coli</i> infection. Pathogens isolated from blood and urine samples harboured many virulence factors. Whole-genome sequencing and conventional analyses showed that the isolates experienced beneficial variations, both genetically and phenotypically, during the disease course. These findings showed that <i>E. coli</i> can cause systemic symptoms and informed us of the importance of assessing the reasons for such variations in pathogens occurring in vivo.</p>","PeriodicalId":100656,"journal":{"name":"iLABMED","volume":"1 3","pages":"190-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ila2.26","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138585754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical validation of serum immunosignatures in early diagnosis of Crohn's disease","authors":"Xianzong Ma,&nbsp;Wenyu Zhang,&nbsp;Xin Wang,&nbsp;Lang Yang,&nbsp;Juan Jiao,&nbsp;Yan Jia,&nbsp;Dezhi Wang,&nbsp;Junfeng Xu,&nbsp;Peng Jin,&nbsp;Mingjie Zhang,&nbsp;Shirong Li,&nbsp;Yuanming Pan,&nbsp;Jianqiu Sheng","doi":"10.1002/ila2.28","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ila2.28","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The search for biomarkers suitable for early diagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD) is challenging. This study investigated the efficacy of serological markers for the early diagnosis of CD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This was a retrospective nested cohort study. Indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to detect ASCA IgG, ASCA IgA, AYMA IgG, AYCA IgG, FI2Y IgG, p-ANCA IgG, GAB IgG and PAB IgG in patient serum samples.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The positive rates of ASCA IgG, ASCA IgA, AYMA IgG, AYCA IgG, FI2Y IgG, p-ANCA IgG, GAB IgG and PAB IgG in patients with early CD, advanced CD and other intestinal diseases were 37.0% versus 56.8% versus 27.8%; 3.7% versus 20.5% versus 19.4%; 14.8% versus 2.3% versus 2.8%; 25.9% versus 9.1% versus 8.3%; 18.5% versus 15.9% versus 8.3%; 0.0% versus 2.8%, 18.5%; 13.6% versus 18.2% versus 16.7%; and 7.4% versus 20.5% versus 0.0%, respectively. The positive rates of ASCA IgG, AYCA IgG and PAB IgG were significantly different among the three groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In 85.2% of early CD patients, at least one antibody was detected 1 year before diagnosis. The sensitivity of the ASCA/AYMA/AYCA/FI2Y/GAB combination for early diagnosis was 85.2%. The sensitivity of the ASCA/AYMA/AYCA/FI2Y/GAB/PAB/PANCA combination for differentiating CD from other diseases was 87.3%.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ASCA IgG and AYCA IgG have potential value in identifying the course of CD. AYCA IgG may be a potential marker for the early diagnosis of CD, and ASCA IgG indicates an advanced stage. The combination of ASCA, AYMA, AYCA, FI2Y, and GAB improves early diagnostic accuracy of CD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100656,"journal":{"name":"iLABMED","volume":"1 3","pages":"181-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ila2.28","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138596565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating Torsin-1A-interacting protein 1 as a predictive and immunological biomarker in cancer","authors":"Gurleen Kaur,&nbsp;Gurparsad Singh Suri,&nbsp;Dheeraj Shinde","doi":"10.1002/ila2.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ila2.25","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cancer poses a significant global challenge, and with the projected rise in cancer incidence, there is an urgent need to discover new targets and treatments to improve patient outcomes. Recent advancements in genomics technologies have enhanced our understanding of cancer's complexities and led to the emergence of pan-cancer analysis as a valuable approach for identifying tumor targets. Torsin-1A-interacting protein 1 (<i>TOR1AIP1</i>) is a membrane protein involved in various cellular processes. Emerging evidence suggests its potential involvement in cancer.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of multiple databases to explore <i>TOR1AIP1</i> expression across different cancer types and stages. We also investigated its correlation with clinical outcomes, such as survival rates and drug sensitivity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results of our analysis showed significant deregulation of <i>TOR1AIP1</i> expression in multiple cancer types and its association with clinical outcomes, with a particular emphasis on kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. The results of our study highlight the potential predictive value of <i>TOR1AIP1</i> in cancer prognosis and therapy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study establishes a solid foundation and rationale for future experimental investigations, which will contribute to a deeper understanding of the significance of <i>TOR1AIP1</i> in different cancer types, specifically in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100656,"journal":{"name":"iLABMED","volume":"1 3","pages":"171-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ila2.25","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139042178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significant histological changes are not rare in indeterminate-phase chronic hepatitis B patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative and normal alanine aminotransferase levels","authors":"Deliang Huang,&nbsp;Guangde Zhou,&nbsp;Jinghan Peng,&nbsp;Qinxian Cai,&nbsp;Guojun Li,&nbsp;Hong Yu,&nbsp;Zhibing Zhu,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Chen,&nbsp;Huiyi Lai,&nbsp;Jinyan Jiang,&nbsp;Hong Yu,&nbsp;Jun Chen","doi":"10.1002/ila2.24","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ila2.24","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background &amp; Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The degree of liver injury in indeterminate chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection patients with Hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)-negative and persistently normal alanine aminotransferase (PNALT) levels is yet unclear. Therefore, we aimed to assess liver histological changes in such patients by liver biopsy and explore possible predictors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, 711 HBeAg-negative CHB patients with PNALT levels who underwent liver biopsy from January 2017 to June 2022 were included in this retrospective study. The relationships between histological changes and predictors were assessed by smooth curve fitting and multivariate logistic regression analysis models. Data were also analyzed using American Association for the Study of Liver Disease (AASLD) modified alanine aminotransferase (ALT) criteria.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The proportion of significant histological changes in the indeterminate phase was higher than that in the inactive phase (53.97% vs. 41.33%). The adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of significant necroinflammation and histological changes for the indeterminate phase were 2.05 and 1.43, respectively, when compared with the inactive phase by multivariate logistic regression analyses. Significant histological changes in the-phase were positively associated with age, ALT, Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels but negatively correlated with platelet (PLT) levels. HBV DNA ≥5 log10 U/L and PLT &lt;200 × 10⁹/L were independent predictive factors for assessing histological changes in indeterminate-phase patients. Similar analysis findings were obtained using the two sets of modified ALT criteria.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Significant histological changes are not rare in indeterminate-phase CHB patients and are higher than in the inactive phase, regardless of the ALT criteria. Histological investigation is strongly suggested for intermediate stage patients with HBV DNA &gt;5 log10 U/L or PLT &lt;200 × 10⁹/L and antiviral therapy should be considered for such patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100656,"journal":{"name":"iLABMED","volume":"1 3","pages":"158-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ila2.24","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136134279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical utility of six serum tumor markers for the diagnosis of lung cancer","authors":"Yongchang Yang,&nbsp;Shuai Chang,&nbsp;Na Wang,&nbsp;Pengfei Song,&nbsp;Haijing Wei,&nbsp;Jie Liu","doi":"10.1002/ila2.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ila2.23","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With the increasing prevalence of lung cancer, it has become imperative to identify reliable biomarkers that can aid in early detection and prognosis assessment. Therefore, we sought to investigate the potential utility of six serum tumor markers as diagnostic and prognostic tools for lung cancer patients. By analyzing a large cohort of patients with different stages and subtypes of lung cancer, we hoped to shed light on the predictive value and accuracy of each marker individually, as well as their combined performance. This study should not only provide valuable insights into the biology and pathogenesis of lung cancer but also pave the way for personalized treatment strategies based on individual patient profiles.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The serum levels of the tumor markers progastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) were meticulously assessed in a cohort comprising 324 individuals diagnosed with lung cancer and an additional 51 patients with benign lung disease. The measurements were conducted using cutting-edge techniques such as ELISA, electrochemical luminescence, and chemiluminescence methods. Differences between groups and the impact of these markers on lung cancer diagnosis were analyzed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The serum levels of ProGRP, NSE, and CEA were significantly higher in lung cancer patients than in patients with benign lung disease (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). NSE had the highest sensitivity for squamous cell carcinomas (SC), while CEA had the highest sensitivity for adenocarcinomas (AC). ProGRP and NSE had higher sensitivities than other markers for small cell carcinomas (SCC). Combining the six tumor markers resulted in higher sensitivities for SC (70.6%), AC (77.4%), and SCC (80%) compared with any single test. Receiver operator characteristic analysis showed that ProGRP and NSE had a greater area under the curve (AUC) in SCC (0.886 and 0.775) than SC and AC, while CEA had a higher AUC in AC (0.716), and NSE had a higher AUC than other markers in SC (0.719).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ProGRP and NSE are effective serum tumor markers for SCC, whereas CEA and NSE may aid in the diagnosis of AC and SC. Combining the detection of ProGRP, NSE, CYFRA21-1, CEA, and SCCA significantly improves sensitivity when diagnosing lung cancer.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000","PeriodicalId":100656,"journal":{"name":"iLABMED","volume":"1 2","pages":"132-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ila2.23","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50130901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mechanism of copper homeostasis and its role in disease","authors":"Yunhui Li,&nbsp;Jing Liang,&nbsp;Yuan Chen,&nbsp;Yajie Wang","doi":"10.1002/ila2.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ila2.22","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Copper (Cuprum) is an essential trace metal indispensable for the function of numerous enzymatic molecules implicated in cellular metabolism. Emerging evidence has demonstrated the role of copper in angiogenesis and cellular signaling. Moreover, raised copper levels have been detected in hepatocellular carcinoma and other cancers. An inherited or acquired copper imbalance, including inadequately low or excessively high copper levels, as well as inappropriate copper distribution in the body, is implicated in a number of diseases. In addition, a recent groundbreaking study identified a copper-induced type of programmed cell death named cuprotosis, the mechanism of which greatly deferred from that of other known cell death modes. The first part provides an overview of the regulation of copper homeostasis and discusses the underlying mechanisms of cuprotosis. In the second part, the authors focus on the functions of copper in liver diseases and other metabolic disorders, before discussing how this knowledge could contribute to the development of effective targets to treat such diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":100656,"journal":{"name":"iLABMED","volume":"1 2","pages":"109-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ila2.22","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50138778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Focus on lipoprotein(a): The time is now","authors":"Ya-hui Lin,&nbsp;Qiong Yang,&nbsp;Zhou Zhou","doi":"10.1002/ila2.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ila2.19","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is the most important risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), but some individuals who meet the LDL-C treatment goal still have a residual risk of ASCVD [<span>1</span>]. Numerous clinical studies and meta-analyses have shown that high lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) concentration is a continuous, independent, and moderately significant risk factor for ASCVD, and that this association is not dependent on LDL-C or non-HDL-C levels or other risk factors [<span>2</span>].</p><p>Lp(a) was first introduced to the scientific world by the Norwegian physician and geneticist Kare Berg in 1963 [<span>3</span>]. Lp(a) closely resembles LDL in terms of its protein and lipid composition, containing one molecule of apolipoprotein B (apoB) wrapped around a core of cholesterol esters and triglycerides with a surface of phospholipids and unesterified cholesterol particles. Lp(a) also contains a highly glycosylated protein called apo(a). This protein forms a covalent bond with apoB-100 via a single disulfide bond, which distinguishes Lp(a) from LDL.</p><p>Despite the fact that the structure of Lp(a) is similar to that of LDL, Lp(a) with a unique apo(a) is more atherogenic than LDL, and it is an attractive target for blood lipid intervention. The expert panel of the Beijing Heart Society has extended the systematic knowledge regarding Lp(a) beyond integrating the current global knowledge of Lp(a) and summarizing the evidence from Chinese populations. The scientific statement from Beijing Heart Society suggests key points for managing Lp(a) in Chinese populations for reference in clinical practice [<span>4</span>].</p><p>Lp(a) concentrations vary greatly among different races and geographic regions. In the Chinese population, Lp(a) concentrations have a skewed distribution with a median concentration of 5.6–8.0 mg/dL, which is slightly lower than that in Caucasians (9.0–17.0 mg/dL) but much lower than that in African Americans (33 mg/dL). Lp(a) concentrations are heritable, with total heritability of 68%–98%. The LPA gene (MIM 152200; ENSG00000198670) located on chromosome 6q27 encodes apo(a), and copy number variations in KIV-2 within the gene can range from 2 to 40 copies, which can explain 70%–90% of plasma Lp(a) concentrations [<span>5</span>].</p><p>In addition, single-nucleotide polymorphisms on the LPA gene are also associated with Lp(a) concentrations. The variant rs10455872 located in intron 25 and rs3798220 in the protease-like domain show the strongest correlation with Lp(a) concentrations, accounting for 22% of the variation in Lp(a) concentrations. However, these two single-nucleotide polymorphisms have not been found to be associated with Lp(a) concentrations in South Asian and Chinese populations [<span>6</span>]. In Chinese populations, rs7770628 and rs73596816 are the single-nucleotide polymorphisms most significantly associated with the severity of coronary heart disease in Chinese pati","PeriodicalId":100656,"journal":{"name":"iLABMED","volume":"1 2","pages":"99-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ila2.19","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50117517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}