IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering最新文献

{"title":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3579286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3579286","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"48 3","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11165052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145061882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dielectric Loaded Frequency Tunable Fabry–Perot Resonator Antenna With PRS for X-Band Applications","authors":"V. Bharathi;Krishnamurthy Ramanujam;Parthasarathy Ramanujam","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3595916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3595916","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a reconfigurable Fabry–Perot resonator antenna with a microstrip feed is proposed for X-band applications. The proposed radiator comprises a slotted circular patch with a single layer of a partially reflective surface (PRS). This PRS is positioned on top of the radiator at a distance of 9 mm. This arrangement exhibits a wide operating bandwidth from 8 to 12.4 GHz with electrical dimensions of <inline-formula> <tex-math>${2.34} ,lambda _{g} times {2.34} , lambda _{g} times {0.23} ,lambda _{g}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math>$lambda _{g}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> the guided wavelength is calculated at the center frequency of 10.2 GHz. The proposed antenna has an average gain of 7.01 dBi and covers an impedance bandwidth of 40% relative to the center frequency of 10.2 GHz. Moreover, it has the distinctive feature of frequency tuning from a wideband to a narrowband by filling different dielectric materials in the slots etched on the substrate. Distilled water, vinegar, salt, and dry wood powder are used in the slots that tune the band from 7.9 to 8.4, 8.5 to 10.5, 10 to 10.5, and 10.15 to 10.7 GHz, respectively. Thus, the frequency tunability of the proposed radiator makes it highly adaptable for various X-band applications. With precise frequency tuning capability, the antenna can mitigate interference in point-to-point telecom systems, enhancing the target detection in weather radar for small aircraft, and improving the sensitivity and range in radar motion detectors.","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"48 4","pages":"340-347"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145078564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and Performance Measurement of Minimum Bandwidth Ratio UWB CP Antenna Using Machine Learning","authors":"Budhadeb Maity;Sisir Kumar Nayak","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3596828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3596828","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a novel compact ultrawideband (UWB) circularly polarized (CP) inverted L-shaped-hook monopole (ILSHM) antenna is presented. The proposed ILSHM antenna incorporates a defective ground loop plane with two rectangular slits introduced to the primary radiator. These modifications play a crucial role in controlling current distribution and widening both the impedance bandwidth (IBW) and axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW). The measured UWB IBW is from 2.243 to 20.653 GHz (160.82%), while the ARBW is less than 3 dB from 3.216 to 18.985 GHz (143.45%). As a result, a minimum bandwidth ratio (BR) <inline-formula> <tex-math>$text {BR}|_{(10/3)text {dB}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$approx ~1.121$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is achieved, ensuring nearly stable performance with minimal variation across different bandwidths. Furthermore, machine learning (ML) techniques, such as artificial neural networks (ANNs), are employed to predict the optimal design parameters of the proposed antenna. This approach automates and optimizes the design process, enhancing both adaptability and reliability. The ANN model is trained to identify the best parameter set for optimizing IBW and ARBW, streamlining the process of achieving high-performance characteristics. This novel approach to the UWB CP ILSHM antenna features a simple, compact design, minimum BR, and nearly stable radiation patterns and is highly suitable for UWB wireless applications.","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"48 4","pages":"348-358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145090027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Battery Charging Optimization Using Adaptive Multistage Constant Current–Constant Voltage Method With Multiagent Particle Swarm Optimization","authors":"Rashad Abul Khayr;Muhammad Zakiyullah Romdlony;Eka Rakhman Priandana;Irwan Purnama","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3591784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3591784","url":null,"abstract":"Constant current–constant voltage (CCCV) is the commonly used charging method today. Although this method can charge a battery quickly, it neglects the battery’s safety. To combat this problem, many charging methods were proposed. One of them is the combination of multistage constant current–constant voltage (MCCCV) with particle swarm optimization (PSO). This method effectively reduces battery capacity loss by shortening the duration of battery charging at high temperatures. Despite the decrease, battery temperature was greater than with the conventional charging method, which could also lead to greater capacity loss if the battery was placed in a hotter place. To enhance battery capacity maintenance, we have proposed an improvement to the adaptive MCCCV method, utilizing multiagent particle swarm optimization (MAPSO) and an adaptive observer to regulate battery temperature and maintain battery capacity. When compared to conventional charging methods, the adaptive MCCCV with MAPSO manages to reduce battery capacity loss while maintaining a similar charging time and current.","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"48 4","pages":"333-339"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145028003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3-D Terrain Clustering for Line-of-Sight Network Configuration in Emergency Communication","authors":"Mingqiu Du;Zhe Xu","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3589109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3589109","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces an innovative, terrain-aware optimization framework for wireless communication networks with three key advances. Departing from prior 2-D map-based approaches, our method explicitly evaluates 3-D terrain effects by incorporating high-resolution elevation data into Fresnel zone clearance calculations for both 900-MHz and 2.4-GHz transmissions, enabling precise link feasibility assessment. The process begins with terrain-constrained link evaluations to generate a visibility matrix, followed by integrating link constraints and bandwidth requirements into an enhanced density peak clustering (DPC) algorithm. In contrast to heuristic clustering techniques that empirically adjust hyperparameters, we derive the critical cutoff distance through rigorous analysis of free-space path loss and link budget constraints (accounting for transmit power, antenna gains, and receiver sensitivity), ensuring physically interpretable cluster formation. This optimized DPC approach identifies communication center locations tailored to 3-D terrain complexities and demand conditions. Next, the proposed optimization framework jointly considers terrain-aware connectivity validation, distance minimization for cluster-member associations, and load-balancing constraints on central points—all governed by verified physical propagation models. After determining center placements, a redundancy-aware optimization assigns noncenter points to minimize transmission delays while distributing traffic efficiently. Experimental results on real-world terrains demonstrate significant network reliability and efficiency improvements, particularly for emergency management and advanced communication deployments.","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"48 4","pages":"305-312"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Spatial-Edge Residual Attention Model for Face Super-Resolution Enhancement Nouveau modèle d’attention résiduelle spatiale et sur les contours pour l’amélioration de la super-résolution des visages","authors":"Majid Ahmadi;Jayanthi Raghavan","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3589317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3589317","url":null,"abstract":"The primary goal of face super-resolution (FSR) is to improve the accuracy of individual identification by enhancing low-resolution (LR) face images to produce high-resolution (HR) images. However, restoring high-frequency components is challenging due to the inherent loss of detail in LR images. We propose a novel FSR approach that leverages edge and spatial attention mechanisms to address this. Edge attention focuses on preserving and enhancing edges, which are crucial for maintaining the structural integrity of facial features. Spatial attention highlights and refines important regions within the image, ensuring accurate reconstruction of facial features and improving overall image quality. Our experiments demonstrate that combining edge and spatial attention mechanisms yields superior performance compared to using either mechanism alone. The histogram of oriented gradients (HOGs) is employed to extract edge information, as it captures both edge orientation and overall structure, thus improving sharpness and detail preservation in upscaled images. We extensively trained our model on the CelebA dataset and tested it on the CMU-Multi PIE dataset. The spatial-edge residual attention model consistently produces competitive performance compared to state-of-the-art methods, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Our approach highlights the effectiveness of integrating edge and spatial attention mechanisms for FSR, paving the way for more accurate and visually appealing FSR techniques. Résumé—L’objectif principal de la super-résolution des visages (FSR) est d’améliorer la précision de l’identification individuelle en améliorant les images de visages à basse résolution (LR) afin de produire des images à haute résolution (HR). Cependant, la restauration des composants à haute fréquence est difficile en raison de la perte inhérente de détails dans les images LR. Nous proposons une nouvelle approche FSR qui exploite les mécanismes d’attention spatiale et sur les contours pour remédier à ce problème. L’attention sur les contours se concentre sur la préservation et l’amélioration des contours, qui sont essentiels pour maintenir l’intégrité structurelle des traits du visage. L’attention spatiale met en évidence et affine les zones importantes de l’image, garantissant une reconstruction précise des traits du visage et améliorant la qualité globale de l’image. Nos expériences démontrent que la combinaison des mécanismes d’attention spatiale et sur les contours offre des performances supérieures à celles obtenues en utilisant l’un ou l’autre de ces mécanismes seul. L’histogramme des gradients orientés (HOG) est utilisé pour extraire les informations sur les contours, car il capture à la fois l’orientation des contours et la structure globale, améliorant ainsi la netteté et la préservation des détails dans les images agrandies. Nous avons largement entraîné notre modèle sur l’ensemble de données CelebA et l’avons testé sur l’ensemble de données CMU-Multi PIE. L","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"48 3","pages":"294-304"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved Nonisolated High-Gain Transformerless DC–DC Converter for Electric Vehicle Applications","authors":"Veera Venkata Subrahmanya Kumar Bhajana;Pravat Biswal;Atif Iqbal;Pavel Drabek","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3582062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3582062","url":null,"abstract":"To ensure the desired higher voltage conversion ratio (VCR) from fuel cell stacks, nonisolated high-gain dc–dc converters play a crucial role in electric vehicles (EVs). High-gain converters are essential because EVs often require a wide range of higher voltage levels to meet the demand for the dc bus, which drives the traction motor and other modules in a vehicle. To mitigate the use of extreme duty ratios in conventional high-gain converters, a triple-switch, switched-inductor, switched-capacitor (SC) dc–dc converter is proposed. This converter integrates an additional auxiliary switch, a simple resonant cell, and a voltage multiplier cell (VMC). These integrations provide the desired VCR while all switches operate at a nominal duty ratio, ensuring improved efficiency and minimizing switching losses by maintaining soft-switching ability. Furthermore, the proposed converter facilitates zero current switching (ZCS) turn-on operation for all switches through the utilization of an auxiliary inductor, an auxiliary capacitor, and two diodes. The operation of the proposed converter is analyzed in continuous current mode, steady-state gain, and efficiency analysis are discussed in detail. The proposed converter is compared with the existing converters and a 200 W laboratory prototype is developed to validate the theoretical analysis or to prove the effectiveness of the converter.","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"48 3","pages":"256-267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144705198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Grading Capacitance on Sympathetic Inrush Current of Parallel Power Transformers Influence de la capacité de répartition sur le courant d’enclenchement sympathique des transformateurs de puissance en parallèle","authors":"Luis Cisneros-Villalobos;José Gerardo Vera-Dimas;David Martínez-Martínez;Outmane Oubram;Roy López-Sesenes","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3578984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3578984","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents research on the phenomenon of sympathetic inrush current triggered by the energization of a third transformer in parallel with two others already connected, considering the impact of circuit-breaker grading capacitance, which is an emerging in the literature on the subject. The aim is to propose recommendations to mitigate the intensity of this phenomenon to reduce the risk of outages or system failures during transformer energization. The study focuses on a common configuration in the central Mexican electrical grid, which may include power transformers connected in parallel, which can be energized through their 230 or 85 kV windings. The research employs electrical power system modeling using the Alternative Transients Program software to simulate typical scenarios involving substation switch operations during grid activity. It incorporates transformer models with manufacturer-specified saturation characteristics and a certain level of remanent magnetization. With the results obtained, it is inferred that the magnitude, waveform, and duration of the sympathetic inrush currents can cause imbalances and affect the normal operation of the system. Transformer outages can occur due to malfunctioning of its differential and overcurrent relays, as well as power quality problems. Remanent magnetization is not a determining factor for the appearance of the phenomenon. However, the magnitude of the sympathetic inrush current is strongly related to the closing time of the circuit breaker. Furthermore, the findings indicate that a higher capacitance makes the sympathetic inrush current phenomenon more evident.","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"48 3","pages":"246-255"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approach Toward Simulation Modeling With Reinforced Offloading for Heterogeneous IoT Terminals Under a Novel STECN","authors":"Kaushik Sarker;Rongke Liu;Shenzhan Xu;Hangyu Zhang","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3574344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3574344","url":null,"abstract":"Satellite terrestrial edge computing network (STECN) has significant potential application deploying mobile edge computing (MEC) in offloading the computational tasks by the heterogeneous Internet of Thing (IoT) terminals under terrestrial network (TN). In this article, we present a methodological approach toward modeling the simulation environment for a novel multitier multiconstellation STECN where the IoT user equipment (UE) from both aviation space and ground will offload computing tasks into the edge satellite network for processing. We designed a network model, a communication and coverage time model and a computing model under the proposed STECN. We proposed two algorithms with three offloading schemes addressing variability in latency tolerance by heterogeneous UEs. We optimized the allocation of communication and computing resources by the satellites under the model by adopting a deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm with an actor-critic network for training and learning. We approached simulation modeling by designing and developing relevant modules, simulation architecture, and workflow. We incorporated techniques to fine tune the training system under specific evaluation matrices so that our simulation model can be followed by others in the domain.","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"48 3","pages":"234-245"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel IoT-Enabled System for Real-Time Monitoring Home Appliances Using Petri Nets","authors":"Cheng-Ying Yang;Yi-Nan Lin;Victor R. L. Shen;Frank H. C. Shen;Wun-Siang Jheng","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3572410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3572410","url":null,"abstract":"Correct use of home appliances is intended to avoid property damage and life unsafety. Also, serious fire accidents can affect the safety of one’s neighborhood. Therefore, this study uses the Internet of Things (IoT) platform to build an intelligent system that aims to detect the temperature rise of home appliances. It is employed to monitor the usage states of home appliances in real time. Hereby, the microcontroller, node microcontrol unit (NodeMCU-32S), is used to develop an IoT platform combined with sensors for measuring ac voltage, current, and ambient temperature so that the electrical power and temperature rise of load (e.g., electric motor) can be detected. Meanwhile, the smart measurement system is integrated with mobile devices to upload the detected datasets to the Google cloud database system. Moreover, the verification of feasibility and soundness of a system model is performed by using the Petri net tool, WoPeD, for the purpose of eliminating the improper states to optimize the system performance. Finally, the experimental results show that the proposed IoT-enabled system has a promising precision of 94.17% and a recall of 92.26%, which obviously outperforms other existing state-of-the-art systems.","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"48 3","pages":"204-215"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144634683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}