{"title":"What's in a choice? Ethical, cultural and social dimensions of sex selection in China","authors":"Ole Döring","doi":"10.1002/huon.200800002","DOIUrl":"10.1002/huon.200800002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper describes the situation of sex selection in China and the related ethical debate, from the perspective of philosophical ethics. It begins with a discussion of the analytical-bioethical standard approach to sex selection, and explains, why it is methodologically inadequate as well as ethically barren. It gives a summarizing account of the empirical status of sex-selection in China, building on empirical studies about the phenomenon of “missing girls” and gender discrimination, and analyzes the relevant cultural and ethical circumstances. It introduces the recent governance measures and elaborates the ethical discussion in China. The paper concludes with a reflection on sex-selection in China, and eugenics. The main thesis is that, in contemporary China, it would be inappropriate to assess the issues of sex selection in terms of “freedom of choice” or as an “individual's right to independent procreative decision making”. Hence, it argues, any attempt to declare the de facto practice in China on face value as an expression of individual, social or cultural self-determination is fundamentally flawed, would be unsympathetic to the affected population and could merely support political and social apologetics. Whereas we cannot draw much advice from China about proper sex-selection, discussion of the Chinese situation re-emphasizes the pertinent ethical perspective, as a universal humanitarian concern.</p>","PeriodicalId":100613,"journal":{"name":"human_ontogenetics","volume":"2 1","pages":"11-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/huon.200800002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"103877186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Hermanussen, Jesus Angel Fernandez Tresguerres
{"title":"Overweight, appetite control, and the role of glutamate and excess nutritional protein during child development","authors":"Michael Hermanussen, Jesus Angel Fernandez Tresguerres","doi":"10.1002/huon.200700004","DOIUrl":"10.1002/huon.200700004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Preventing and treating obesity has become a major public health concern and develops from an only medical into an interdisciplinary and already political problem. Yet, current ideas about lifestyle and strategies to maintain health and weight are still dominated by very popular beliefs that clearly contrast scientifi c evidence. Meta-analyses showed that most of the variance in body fatness is not explained physical activity, and energy, fat and carbohydrate intake. Instead, it has been noted that protein intake also correlates with body mass index (BMI), and reaches maximum infl uence in the group of 10–12 year old boys (r=0.31) and girls (r=0.36) explaining up to 13% of the BMI variance in young adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":100613,"journal":{"name":"human_ontogenetics","volume":"1 1","pages":"23-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/huon.200700004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"96855070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inborn and acquired intelligence: an old problem revisited","authors":"Bernhard Hassenstein","doi":"10.1002/huon.200700016","DOIUrl":"10.1002/huon.200700016","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The variance of IQ in a population is by defi nition the <i>sum</i> of the partial variances of genetic and environmental variation, expressed by percentages. But the cooperation between genome and environment, resulting in the phenotype, for instance in the measured IQ, is not additive but cooperative, that means <i>nonlinear</i>. Therefore the fi rst of the two partial variances represents the <i>realised</i> part of the genetic potential which therefore is present in the phenotype; but the second term represents, as the following analysis shows, the <i>non-realised</i> genetic factors because of <i>lacking</i> environmental effi cacy, formally the product of environmental effi cacy with <i>minus sign</i>. This has been overlooked till now because of the loss of the “minus” sign by the quadration operation involved in the mathematical step from variation measures to variances.</p>","PeriodicalId":100613,"journal":{"name":"human_ontogenetics","volume":"1 1","pages":"17-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/huon.200700016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"106398149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Human Ontogenetics – Toward a New Conception of Humans","authors":"Karl-Friedrich Wessel, Andreas Plagemann","doi":"10.1002/huon.200700005","DOIUrl":"10.1002/huon.200700005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100613,"journal":{"name":"human_ontogenetics","volume":"1 1","pages":"3-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/huon.200700005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"95675096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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