Health Care Science最新文献

{"title":"The effect of older population on public health spending: Evidence from Spain","authors":"Carlos Navarro-García,&nbsp;Antonio Sarria-Santamera","doi":"10.1002/hcs2.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hcs2.68","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The gradual ageing of the population, and its effect on public spending, constitutes an urgent challenge for advanced economies. Through this study, we analyse the effect of older people, and their health and individual characteristics, on public health spending.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using logistic regression methods, we have analysed the use of different health services and health technologies by older people in Spain, controlled for several health, socioeconomic, and other individual factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The main factors that explain the consumption of both health services and health technology, above age, are related to the so-called need factors: self-reported health status, presence of chronic diseases, and disability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Knowing the main factors that imply greater public health spending is a topic of special interest for designing efficient health policies, in a context of growth in public health spending. In this way, preventive attention on the so-called need factors may be an important driver to improve the effectiveness of spending.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100601,"journal":{"name":"Health Care Science","volume":"2 5","pages":"306-316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hcs2.68","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68179325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethical and policy considerations for organ trafficking and transplant tourism: Based on the UK's first international case of human trafficking for the purpose of organ removal","authors":"Lanyi Yu,&nbsp;Xiaomei Zhai","doi":"10.1002/hcs2.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hcs2.70","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines the UK's May 2023 judgment in an international organ trafficking and organ tourism case. Human trafficking for organ removal is one of the least understood but growing forms of trafficking worldwide. Countries in the Middle East, Asia, and the Americas are often widely criticized by the international transplant community as sites for organ trafficking. However, we believe that when discussing this issue, it is not just these areas that need to be addressed. What is particularly special is that this case not only involves transnational human trafficking, organ trafficking, and illegal organ transplantation interest chains but also involves the participation of national political officials and complex social and humanistic factors. This article focuses on the current ethical and policy issues involved in organ transplant tourism and organ trafficking and analyzes the implications of this case for our country's donation and transplantation work.</p>","PeriodicalId":100601,"journal":{"name":"Health Care Science","volume":"2 5","pages":"339-344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hcs2.70","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68179865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development trends of etiological research contents and methods of noncommunicable diseases","authors":"Dafang Chen,&nbsp;Yujia Ma,&nbsp;Han Xiao,&nbsp;Zeyu Yan","doi":"10.1002/hcs2.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hcs2.69","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are a significant public concern, greatly impacting the economic and social development in China. In 2019, NCDs accounted for a staggering 88.5% of total deaths in China, with cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes—the four major chronic diseases—contributing to a premature mortality rate of 16.5% [<span>1</span>]. The complexity of NCDs arises from the involvement of multiple genetic and environmental factors that interact in intricate ways. The complexity is characterized by a multitude of interactions among genes, proteins, and metabolic pathways throughout the various stages of life. Furthermore, these interactions demonstrate time-dependent specificity during the different phases of the life course. Prior research on the etiology of NCDs tended to focus on “specificity,” which overlooked the concept of “universality.” Studies are often conducted from one risk factor, one disease, or one dimension, leading to an insufficient understanding of NCD etiology and less than satisfactory outcomes in prevention and control efforts. Therefore, the aim of this review is to highlight and propose a new trend in NCD etiology research, considering the research focus and research methodology.</p><p>The relationships among NCDs are intricate, and patients often show distinct patterns of multiple diseases, reflecting population heterogeneity in comorbidity. The study of comorbidity patterns among populations affected by NCDs can offer valuable insights for developing effective prevention and management strategies. In a retrospective study by Jansana et al. [<span>2</span>] using electronic health records, five multimorbidity clusters were identified among breast cancer survivors in Spain; notably, the “musculoskeletal and cardiovascular disease” pattern showed a significantly higher risk of mortality than other NCDs. Advancements in computational science contribute to the emergence of network analysis based on graph theory as a powerful tool for understanding the complexity of comorbidity from a holistic and systemic perspective. Graph theory in network analysis facilitates the construction of comorbidity networks in which disease status is represented as nodes and risk associations are shown as edges, thereby visualizing the co-occurrence of diseases in a concise and intuitive manner. Such topological approaches enable the prioritization of disease severity and identification of the core disease within a comorbidity network. Furthermore, network clustering techniques have been applied to identify specific comorbidity patterns in NCDs. However, cautiousness in interpreting the identified patterns is essential because some network topology indexes may lack practical significance. The challenge in interpreting the identified patterns can be addressed by considering association rules. Typically, association rule mining is used to identify comorbidity patterns, and network analysis is used to","PeriodicalId":100601,"journal":{"name":"Health Care Science","volume":"2 5","pages":"352-357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hcs2.69","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68180142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inception of the Indian Digital Health Mission: Connecting…the…Dots","authors":"Gerard Marshall Raj,&nbsp;Sathian Dananjayan,&nbsp;Neeraj Agarwal","doi":"10.1002/hcs2.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hcs2.67","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The purpose of the National Digital Health Mission (or more precisely, the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission) is to promote and facilitate the evolution of the National Digital Health Ecosystem in India. The Health Facility Registry, the Healthcare Professionals Registry, and the Unified Health Interface are the major components of the proposed system—which is intended to be a co-operative federated architecture with optimal interoperability provision coupled with authorized access.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":100601,"journal":{"name":"Health Care Science","volume":"2 5","pages":"345-351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hcs2.67","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68180125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"China's aging population: A review of living arrangement, intergenerational support, and wellbeing","authors":"Litao Zhao","doi":"10.1002/hcs2.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hcs2.64","url":null,"abstract":"<p>China's rapid population aging and remarkable family-level changes have raised concerns about the weakening of its family-based elderly care. The last decade indeed has seen a clear departure from multigenerational living to alternative living arrangements such as living with spouse only and solo living. However, ample evidence suggests that Chinese families have demonstrated considerable resilience amidst profound sociodemographic changes. This review article highlights the importance of government–society cooperation in meeting the social challenges of population aging. A key factor is the persistient filial piety norms, which enable children living far or close, migrant or nonmigrant, to rearrange financial, instrumental, and emotional support to aging parents. Equally important is the step-in of the government to share elderly care responsibilities, provide support through deepening pension and healthcare reforms, and implement the active and healthy aging agenda. How the two factors play out over the next decade and beyond will have profound implications on the living arrangement, intergenerational support, and wellbeing of older adults in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":100601,"journal":{"name":"Health Care Science","volume":"2 5","pages":"317-327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hcs2.64","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68180123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financial burden of seeking diabetes mellitus care in India: Evidence from a Nationally Representative Sample Survey","authors":"Mehak Nanda,&nbsp;Rajesh Sharma","doi":"10.1002/hcs2.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hcs2.65","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major public health concern in India, and entails a severe burden in terms of disability, death, and economic cost. This study examined the out-of-pocket health expenditure (OOPE) and financial burden associated with DM care in India.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study used data from the latest round of the National Sample Survey on health, which covered 555,115 individuals from 113,823 households in India. In the present study, data of 1216 individuals who sought inpatient treatment and 6527 individuals who sought outpatient care for DM were analysed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In India, 10.04 per 1000 persons reported having DM during the last 15 days before the survey date, varying from 6.94/1000 in rural areas to 17.45/1000 in urban areas. Nearly 38% of Indian households with diabetic members experienced catastrophic health expenditure (at the 10% threshold) and approximately 10% of DM-affected households were pushed below the poverty line because of OOPE, irrespective of the type of care sought. 48.5% of households used distressed sources to finance the inpatient costs of DM. Medicines constituted one of the largest proportion of total health expenditure, regardless of the type of care sought or type of healthcare facility visited. The average monthly OOPE was over 4.5-fold and 2.5-fold higher for households who sought inpatient and outpatient care, respectively, from private health facilities, compared with those treated at public facilities. Notably, the financial burden was more severe for households residing in rural areas, those in lower economic quintiles, those belonging to marginalised social groups, and those using private health facilities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The burden of DM and its associated financial ramifications necessitate policy measures, such as prioritising health promotion and disease prevention strategies, strengthening public healthcare facilities, improved regulation of private healthcare providers, and bringing outpatient services under the purview of health insurance, to manage the diabetes epidemic and mitigate its financial impact.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100601,"journal":{"name":"Health Care Science","volume":"2 5","pages":"291-305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hcs2.65","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68179731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges and opportunities of big data analytics in healthcare","authors":"Priyanshi Goyal,&nbsp;Rishabha Malviya","doi":"10.1002/hcs2.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hcs2.66","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Data science is an interdisciplinary discipline that employs big data, machine learning algorithms, data mining techniques, and scientific methodologies to extract insights and information from massive amounts of structured and unstructured data. The healthcare industry constantly creates large, important databases on patient demographics, treatment plans, results of medical exams, insurance coverage, and more. The data that IoT (Internet of Things) devices collect is of interest to data scientists. Data science can help with the healthcare industry's massive amounts of disparate, structured, and unstructured data by processing, managing, analyzing, and integrating it. To get reliable findings from this data, proper management and analysis are essential. This article provides a comprehensive study and discussion of process data analysis as it pertains to healthcare applications. The article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using big data analytics (BDA) in the medical industry. The insights offered by BDA, which can also aid in making strategic decisions, can assist the healthcare system.</p>","PeriodicalId":100601,"journal":{"name":"Health Care Science","volume":"2 5","pages":"328-338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hcs2.66","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68179732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 retreats and world recovers: A silver lining in the dark cloud","authors":"Amol Chhatrapati Bisen,&nbsp;Sristi Agrawal,&nbsp;Sachin Nashik Sanap,&nbsp;Heamanth Ganesan Ravi Kumar,&nbsp;Nelam Kumar,&nbsp;Rajdeep Gupta,&nbsp;Rabi Sankar Bhatta","doi":"10.1002/hcs2.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hcs2.57","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which the World Health Organization classified as the Sixth Public Health Emergency Of International Concern (PHEIC) on January 30, 2020, is no longer a PHEIC. Millions were affected due to unawareness. The increase in fatalities and shortage of medicine was the first outrage of COVID-19. As per the Johns Hopkins COVID-19 resource center database, it was observed that the disease has spread dynamically across 200+ nations worldwide affecting more than 600 million people from 2019 to 2023, and over thousands of people were victimized regularly at a 2% mortality rate (approx.). In the midway, the mutant variants of concern like omicron, and delta have also created havoc and caused significant impact on public health, global economy, and lifestyle. Since 2019, 3 years now passed and the dynamic disease statistics seem decelerated; moreover, the prevalence of COVID-19 is also fading. The Johns Hopkins resource center has also stopped recording the data of the global pandemic recently from March 10, 2023. Hence, based on the facts, we are presenting a concise report on the pandemic from 2019 to 2023, which includes a brief discussion of the global pandemic. We have highlighted global epidemiology, emphasizing the Indian COVID scenario, vaccination across the globe, and the psychosocial and geopolitical consequences of COVID-19 with a brief background to pathology, clinical management, and the worldwide response against triage. A lot has changed and still needs to change after three tough years of COVID-19. Even though science has progressed and advanced research in medicine is pointing toward future generations, there is no standard care supplied for COVID-19-like calamities. COVID-19 cases might have declined but its influence on the society is still stagnant. This COVID experience has taught us that, despite our bleak beginnings, there is always hope for the future and that we must act with foresight to improve things for future generations.</p>","PeriodicalId":100601,"journal":{"name":"Health Care Science","volume":"2 4","pages":"264-285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hcs2.57","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50124485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors underlying burnout among rural village physicians in Southwestern China","authors":"Xingyue Zhu,&nbsp;Yang Chen,&nbsp;Xingjiang Liao","doi":"10.1002/hcs2.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hcs2.62","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Primary healthcare doctors in China often experience problems with occupational burnout, a condition known to relate to high job stress and low wages. In China, many medical alliances have recently been established in rural areas, where village physicians work as healthcare gatekeepers. However, burnout in village physicians in the context of medical alliances remains underresearched.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional survey was conducted among 100 village physicians practicing at village clinics in Qiandongnan prefecture, Guizhou province, China. An online questionnaire was distributed to assess physicians' demographic characteristics and work situations. Burnout was measured using the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (validated Chinese version). A multivariate linear model with stepwise procedure was used to estimate the effects of factors of interest on burnout, focusing particularly on actions within the medical alliance that involved respondents' clinics, such as training and support for village physicians provided by higher-level facilities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The overall response rate was 79%. The mean burnout score was 38.09 (standard deviation, 4.55; range, 25–47). The multivariate analysis showed that fewer working years and too much farming work were significantly related to exacerbation of burnout. Greater medical services in the total workload and greater support from higher-level facilities were associated with burnout alleviation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Close connections and interactions across medical alliance member facilities could facilitate reduction in burnout for village physicians practicing as primary care gatekeepers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100601,"journal":{"name":"Health Care Science","volume":"2 4","pages":"233-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hcs2.62","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50154571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large language models in health care: Development, applications, and challenges","authors":"Rui Yang,&nbsp;Ting Fang Tan,&nbsp;Wei Lu,&nbsp;Arun James Thirunavukarasu,&nbsp;Daniel Shu Wei Ting,&nbsp;Nan Liu","doi":"10.1002/hcs2.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hcs2.61","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recently, the emergence of ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence chatbot developed by OpenAI, has attracted significant attention due to its exceptional language comprehension and content generation capabilities, highlighting the immense potential of large language models (LLMs). LLMs have become a burgeoning hotspot across many fields, including health care. Within health care, LLMs may be classified into LLMs for the biomedical domain and LLMs for the clinical domain based on the corpora used for pre-training. In the last 3 years, these domain-specific LLMs have demonstrated exceptional performance on multiple natural language processing tasks, surpassing the performance of general LLMs as well. This not only emphasizes the significance of developing dedicated LLMs for the specific domains, but also raises expectations for their applications in health care. We believe that LLMs may be used widely in preconsultation, diagnosis, and management, with appropriate development and supervision. Additionally, LLMs hold tremendous promise in assisting with medical education, medical writing and other related applications. Likewise, health care systems must recognize and address the challenges posed by LLMs.</p>","PeriodicalId":100601,"journal":{"name":"Health Care Science","volume":"2 4","pages":"255-263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hcs2.61","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50119025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}