Health Care Science最新文献

{"title":"Scientific and targeted prevention and control measures to optimize COVID-19 response","authors":"Released by the Taskforce for Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism for COVID-19 under the State Council and the National Health Commission of P.R. China on November 11, 2022","doi":"10.1002/hcs2.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hcs2.33","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, under the strong leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and President Xi Jinping, China has made firm decisions to prioritize people's lives and health. Efforts have been made to avoid foreign imported infection and domestic rebound of COVID-19 cases; the “dynamic zero COVID” policy has been executed without wavering; and the prevention and control measures have been optimized and improved in response to changing circumstances, actively responding to the impact caused by multiple waves of COVID-19 surge globally. China has made extraordinary efforts to safeguard people's lives and health. Meanwhile, prevention and control measures were timely updated to coordinate with economic and social development. On November 10, the Standing Committee of the Central Political Bureau held a meeting to discuss the latest situation of the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Twenty measures (referred to as “<b>the 20-point measures</b>“) were officially announced to further optimize the COVID-19 response. The latest prevention and control measures involve the requirements and guidance for isolation at home, high-risk area delineation, nucleic acid testing, international inbound flights and travelers, vaccination rollout, medical resource preparedness, and protection for special places and vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":100601,"journal":{"name":"Health Care Science","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hcs2.33","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50129697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioeconomic and epidemiological milieu of maternal death due to eclampsia in West Bengal, India: A mixed methods study","authors":"Md Illias Kanchan Sk","doi":"10.1002/hcs2.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hcs2.28","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>West Bengal is experiencing an unanticipated risk of eclampsia among pregnant women and it persists as the leading cause of maternal mortality. This study aimed to investigate the predictors for maternal deaths due to eclampsia in West Bengal.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study adopted retrospective mixed methods covering facility and community-based maternal death review approaches. Facility-based data were used for 317 deceased cases wherein the community-based review approach was used in 40 cases. An in-depth interview was also performed among 12 caregivers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One-third of maternal deaths occurred due to eclampsia, and this accounted for the leading cause of maternal deaths in West Bengal. A younger age, a primigravida or nulliparous status, absence of antenatal care (ANC), and residence in rural areas appeared to have the highest risk of developing eclampsia. The majority of pregnant women had an irregular antenatal check-up history, particularly during the second trimester of pregnancy. The rate of eclampsia-related maternal death was higher in women residing more than 49 km from the studied hospitals. Most of the deceased women were referred to three or more hospitals before their death. Gravidity, the number of ANC visits, the mode of delivery, and delays at different levels were significant confounders of death due to eclampsia. The risk of death due to eclampsia was two times higher among women without ANC and those who had a cesarean section than that in their counterparts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Women in West Bengal have a high risk of preeclampsia and eclampsia resulting in maternal mortality and morbidity. Gravidity, the number of ANC visits, the mode of delivery, and delays in recognition of eclampsia contribute to the risk of maternal deaths. The establishment of separate eclampsia units, enhanced screening, and preventive and treatment procedures may optimize managing eclampsia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100601,"journal":{"name":"Health Care Science","volume":"2 1","pages":"45-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hcs2.28","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50140002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of pelvic symmetry: A systematic analysis using computer aided design software","authors":"Qiubao Zheng,&nbsp;Kangshuai Xu,&nbsp;Xiaorui Zhan,&nbsp;Fuming Huang,&nbsp;Liping Wang,&nbsp;Sheqiang Chen,&nbsp;Jiacheng Li,&nbsp;Cheng Yang,&nbsp;Yuhui Chen,&nbsp;Shicai Fan","doi":"10.1002/hcs2.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hcs2.25","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to investigate the symmetry of the Chinese pelvis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Computed tomography scan images of each of 50 Chinese pelvises were converted to 3D models and the left sides of the pelvises were reflected on Mimics software. Then, the reflected left side model was aligned with the right side using the closest point algorithm function of Geomagic software to perform symmetry analysis. The volume and surface area of either side of the pelvises were also calculated. The mean standard deviation (SD), the mean percentage of permissible deviations within the ±2 mm range, the percentage differences in volume and surface area were measured to compare pelvic symmetry. In addition, the distribution of pelvic bilateral symmetry associated with both age and sex were compared.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mean SD was 1.15 ± 0.16 mm and the mean percentage of permissible deviations was 90.82% ± 4.67%. The deviation color maps showed that the specific areas of asymmetry were primarily localized to major muscle or ligament attachment sites and the sacroiliac joint surfaces. There was no significant difference between the bilateral sides of the pelvis in either volume or surface area. Additionally, no difference in any indexes was exhibited in relation to sex and age distribution.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results demonstrated that the pelvis has high bilateral symmetry, which confirmed the potential of using contralateral pelvic models to create fully patient-specific and custom-made pelvic implants applicable for the treatment of fracture and bony destruction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100601,"journal":{"name":"Health Care Science","volume":"2 1","pages":"36-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hcs2.25","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50125196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transfer or tailor? Implementing a technology-supported intervention for noncommunicable diseases across contexts","authors":"Thomas Gadsden,&nbsp;Anushka Patel,&nbsp;Devarsetty Praveen,&nbsp;Anna Palagyi","doi":"10.1002/hcs2.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hcs2.26","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In May 2022, the 75th World Health Assembly recognized the need to accelerate national responses to the growing burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) to achieve the goals of the Global Action Plan (GAP) for the Prevention and Control of NCDs. To facilitate this, an implementation roadmap was adopted that urges countries to prioritize the implementation of NCD interventions that are most appropriate to their specific local and regional context. The roadmap will act as an overarching guide for countries to tackle NCDs via three approaches: (i) Accelerate national responses based on local NCD epidemiology, risk factors and identified barriers and enablers; (ii) Prioritize and scale up the implementation of most impactful and feasible interventions according to the local context; and (iii) Ensure timely, reliable and sustained national data on NCD risk factors and mortality for data driven actions and to strengthen accountability [<span>1</span>].</p><p>With the end date of 2030 for the NCD-GAP fast approaching, the adaptation of proven interventions is likely the most efficient and effective means by which countries can make inroads into NCD control [<span>2</span>]. While investment in continued research and innovation to support such adaptation processes is vital, prior knowledge and experience with the implementation of NCD interventions highlight a series of common principles that—if leveraged—can provide programs for NCD prevention and management with the strongest chance of success. In this perspective piece we share such key principles emerging from our own experience implementing a multifaceted NCD management intervention—SMART<i>health</i> (Systematic Medical Appraisal Referral and Treatment)—across different country contexts.</p><p>SMART<i>health</i> is a technology-supported, multifaceted primary health care intervention aimed at improving the provision of guideline-based assessment and prevention or management of common NCDs. A central common component of the SMART<i>health</i> intervention is a clinical decision support system (CDSS) with context-defined variations in disease focus and approach to health system integration, including workforce strategy [<span>3</span>] (Figure 1).</p><p>The intervention was first piloted in Australia as a CDSS embedded in existing patient management information systems and delivered by general practitioners (GPs) [<span>4</span>]. Encouraged by positive outcomes (e.g., improved cardiovascular risk factor screening, namely blood pressure [BP] recording and up-titration of cardiovascular preventive drugs), the CDSS was adapted to the Indian primary health care setting by expanding the platform to include a mobile application that can be used by frontline health workers within rural communities to support early identification, referral, and management for cardiovascular disease. Though the platform was found to be acceptable by the community and health professionals across test sites in rural India,","PeriodicalId":100601,"journal":{"name":"Health Care Science","volume":"2 1","pages":"75-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hcs2.26","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50134779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review on the cost-effectiveness of the computer-assisted orthopedic system","authors":"Hua Li,&nbsp;Tengfeng Zhuang,&nbsp;Wenrui Wu,&nbsp;Wenyi Gan,&nbsp;Chongjie Wu,&nbsp;Sijun Peng,&nbsp;Songwei Huan,&nbsp;Ning Liu","doi":"10.1002/hcs2.23","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hcs2.23","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Computer-assisted orthopedic system (CAOS) is rapidly gaining popularity in the field of precision medicine. However, the cost-effectiveness of CAOS has not been well clarified. We performed this review to summarize and assess the cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) with regard to CAOS. Publications on CEA in CAOS have been searched in PubMed and CEA Registry up to May 31, 2022. The Quality of Health Economic Studies (QHES) instrument was used to estimate the quality of studies. Relationships between qualities and potential factors were also examined. There were 15 eligible studies in the present review. Twelve studies evaluated CAOS joint arthroplasties and found that CAOS joint arthroplasties were cost-effective compared to manual methods. Three studies focused on spinal surgery, two of which analyzed the cost-effectiveness of CAOS for patients after spinal fusion, with conflicting results. One study demonstrated that CAOS was cost-effective in spinal pedicle screw insertion. The mean QHES score of CEAs included was 86.1. The potential factors had no significant relationship with the quality of studies. Based on available studies, our review reflected that CAOS was cost-effective in the field of joint arthroplasty. While in spinal surgery, the answer was unclear. Current CEAs represent high qualities, and more CEAs are required in the different disciplines of orthopedics where CAOS is employed.</p>","PeriodicalId":100601,"journal":{"name":"Health Care Science","volume":"1 3","pages":"173-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hcs2.23","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91224740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The development and impact of adopting electronic health records in the United States: A brief overview and implications for nursing education","authors":"Song Ge,&nbsp;Yuting Song,&nbsp;Jiale Hu,&nbsp;Xianping Tang,&nbsp;Junxin Li,&nbsp;Linda Dune","doi":"10.1002/hcs2.21","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hcs2.21","url":null,"abstract":"<p>At present, health-care systems in the United States face enormous challenges in providing quality care, characterized by safe, effective, efficient, patient-centered, timely, and equitable care while containing health-care costs [<span>1</span>, <span>2</span>]. To understand and address patients' increasingly complicated health-care needs, we need safe access to quality information that is characterized by integrity, reliability, and accuracy [<span>3</span>], and establish mutually beneficial relationships among a multidisciplinary team of professionals [<span>4</span>]. Traditional paper-based clinical workflow produces many issues such as illegible handwriting, inconvenient access, the possibility of computational prescribing errors, inadequate patient hand-offs, and drug administration errors. These problems can lead to medical errors, omissions, and duplications and, ultimately, poor patient outcomes and compromised quality of care [<span>2</span>].</p><p>Electronic health records (EHR) is a major achievement in the health information technology [<span>5</span>]. It is deemed a promising solution to improve the interoperability of patients' information across health-care settings and achieve a more cost-effective, safer, and higher quality of care [<span>3</span>, <span>6</span>]. Electronic medical records (EMR) is a different concept from EHR; thus, the two terms cannot be used interchangeably. The EMR is the official record produced by hospitals and other ambulatory settings that serves as the EHR's data source. EMR is a prerequisite for EHR [<span>7</span>]. EHR refers to systematic documentation of patients' health status and health care in a secured digital format [<span>8</span>]. It indicates that patients' health information can not only be stored but also be transmitted and accessed by authorized interdisciplinary professionals across health-care settings in patients' health-care continuum. In addition, authorized non-health-care professionals, including insurers, the government, and researchers can also have access to patients' health information as well.</p><p>With EHR, patients can have greater autonomy over their care, and clinicians may better understand patients' medical history and coordinate care with other interdisciplinary professionals with fewer barriers [<span>2</span>]. EHR can also provide data for a variety of other purposes such as providing data for research, population-based interventions, and reporting quality-related measures [<span>9</span>]. Thus, this technological innovation benefits not only patients but also healthcare providers, administrative officers, researchers, and professionals from a variety of disciplines [<span>10</span>].</p><p>The adoption of EHR in the United States started early and was accelerated by laws and regulations. In 2004, US President George W. Bush proposed a plan that most Americans would have EHR by 2014. He stated that computerizing health records could help clinicians avo","PeriodicalId":100601,"journal":{"name":"Health Care Science","volume":"1 3","pages":"186-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hcs2.21","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79264400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monkey pox: Rethinking COVID-19 to project future strategies against emerging and evolving pathogens","authors":"Emmanuel Lamptey,&nbsp;Stanley Yaidoo,&nbsp;Ernestina Asiedua,&nbsp;Evans Osei Boakye,&nbsp;Moses tia Banoya,&nbsp;Ephraim Kumi Senkyire","doi":"10.1002/hcs2.20","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hcs2.20","url":null,"abstract":"<p>COVID-19 Monkey pox, days like these need planning\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":100601,"journal":{"name":"Health Care Science","volume":"1 2","pages":"129-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hcs2.20","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74951134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation science: A critical but undervalued part of the healthcare innovation ecosystem","authors":"Sze Ling Chan,&nbsp;Elaine Lum,&nbsp;Marcus E. H. Ong,&nbsp;Nicholas Graves","doi":"10.1002/hcs2.22","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hcs2.22","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Healthcare systems face many competing demands and insufficient resources. Service innovations to improve efficiency are important to address this challenge. Innovations can range from new pharmaceuticals, alternate models of care, novel devices, and the use other technologies. Suboptimal implementation can mean lost benefits. This review article aims to highlight the role of implementation science, summarize how settings have leveraged this methodology to promote translation of innovation into practice, and describe our own experience of embedding implementation science into an academic medical center in Singapore. Implementation science offers a range of methods to promote systematic uptake of research findings about innovations and is gaining recognition worldwide as an important discipline for health services researchers. Health systems around the world have tried to promote implementation research in their settings by establishing (1) dedicated centers/programs, (2) offering funding, and (3) building knowledge and capacity among staff. Implementation science is a critical piece in the translational pathway of “evidence to innovation.” The three efforts we describe should be strengthened to integrate implementation science into the innovation ecosystem around the world.</p>","PeriodicalId":100601,"journal":{"name":"Health Care Science","volume":"1 3","pages":"160-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hcs2.22","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82777241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xenotransplantation—reflections on the bioethics","authors":"Xiaomei Zhai","doi":"10.1002/hcs2.18","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hcs2.18","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Similar to most countries in the world, China has a severe shortage of human organs, and this is one of the main issues restricting the application of organ transplantation technology. In 2019 alone, only 19,454 (23.90%) of the 81,410 people waiting were able to receive organ transplants. There is an increasing focus from both the medical profession and society on how to fill the gap between supply and demand.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Xenotransplantation using animal organs is being considered as one option to make up for the shortage of human organs for transplantation. For some years now, the international medical community has been examining the possibility of using animal organs for human transplant. However, the research has faced two important types of challenges: scientific and ethical issues.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In January 2021, the first clinical trial of transgenic pig heart transplantation into a human recipient was completed by the Medical Center of the University of Maryland in the United States. This has stimulated enthusiasm and interest in xenotransplantation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The trend towards xenotransplantation has highlighted global problems such as the severe shortage of organ transplant donors and the high cost of organ transplantation. China needs to consider how to cope with the scientific, public health, and social ethics challenges of xenotransplantation clinical trials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100601,"journal":{"name":"Health Care Science","volume":"1 2","pages":"86-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hcs2.18","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88355902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health reform in China: Developments and future prospects","authors":"Jiwei Qian","doi":"10.1002/hcs2.19","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hcs2.19","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In 2009, China initiated a new round of health reform to establish a well-functioning health system. The 2009 health reform did make some significant achievements in improving affordability and accessibility. In particular, social health insurance has been expanded significantly and various social health insurance plans have covered over 95% of total population in China by 2011. The Chinese government also has significantly increased fiscal input for health financing. However, affordability remains a serious concern as the social health insurers, as purchasers, were not very effective in containing the growth of health expenditure. Accessibility to primary care and public health is another concern. In this context, health governance reforms are necessary to address affordability and accessibility issues. Health governance set rules for key actors of the health system (including service providers, health insurers and government departments) by taking into account the strategies and incentives of these actors in their interactions. In recent years, a series of reforms in health governance have been initiated. Some progresses have been achieved. For the next stage of health reform, issues including how to further reform the governance structure of medical institutions and how to improve resource allocation in the health system are critical.</p>","PeriodicalId":100601,"journal":{"name":"Health Care Science","volume":"1 3","pages":"166-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hcs2.19","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74287048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}