Green Technologies and Sustainability最新文献

{"title":"Agricultural digital twin for smart farming: A review","authors":"A. Subeesh ,&nbsp;Naveen Chauhan","doi":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Smart farming has introduced agricultural systems that are increasingly autonomous and highly interconnected. The Agricultural Digital Twin (ADT) is an innovative breakthrough in smart farming that has the potential to greatly improve productivity and sustainability in agricultural systems. Simulation using theoretical and static models has long been a conventional and valuable tool for verifying, validating, and optimizing agricultural tasks. With the emergence of next-generation information and digital technologies, data availability has increased manyfold. Digital twin (DT) modeling is essential for accurately representing the physical entity, and it provides functional services and meets the requirements of modern farms. This study provides a detailed analysis of the key aspects of ADTs, providing deeper insights into the potential application areas in agriculture, and discusses major implementation challenges. This study explores applications of ADT in controlled environment agriculture, soil and irrigation management, crop monitoring and cultivation support, post-harvest activities, livestock monitoring and management, and agricultural machinery. Given that DT technology is relatively nascent in agriculture, this study can provide valuable research direction to stakeholders involved in integrating digital twins into agricultural processes through research and development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100598,"journal":{"name":"Green Technologies and Sustainability","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145694334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainability catalysts and green growth: Triangulating evidence from EU countries using panel data, MMQR, and CCEMG","authors":"Md. Rashed ,&nbsp;Yasmin Jamadar ,&nbsp;Mohammad Shahadat Hossen ,&nbsp;Mohammad Fakhrul Islam ,&nbsp;Oli Ahad Thakur ,&nbsp;Md. Kamal Uddin","doi":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green Growth Strategies (GGS) are a win–win opportunity for not only the nation’s economy but also the environment. However, many countries are not concerned about reaping these benefits, and they continue to harm the environment for short-term gain, neglecting long-term sustainability. Southern European countries can utilize green growth policies to enhance their competitiveness, bypass older, more polluting technologies by directly adopting cleaner alternatives, and achieve economic and environmental progress. To address this concern, we analyzed 12 Southern European countries from 2010 to 2019, investigating how they can enhance their green growth performance by incorporating critical predictors. We employed panel data estimators, mean group (MG) to accommodate slope heterogeneity, and Common Correlated Effects Mean Group (CCEMG), which opens the opportunity to observe the influence of unobserved common factors and allows us to capture cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneous behavior better. We applied the Method of Moment Quantile Regression (MMQR) technique further as a robustness check to capture heterogeneous effects across the green growth distribution. The same methodology with ecological footprint data and implementation of the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) has eliminated the endogeneity concern. The findings highlighted that educational attainment, globalization, and renewable energy consumption have positive influences on green growth. In comparison, trade openness and natural resource rent exhibit negative effects when we shift the methodology from MG to CCEMG, giving us a total of four significant factors to be concerned with. The study emphasizes the crucial importance of tailored policy approaches and regional collaboration in addressing environmental challenges effectively, and offers actionable insights for achieving green growth in the region by providing empirically grounded and practical recommendations that account for diverse socioeconomic contexts and ecological vulnerabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100598,"journal":{"name":"Green Technologies and Sustainability","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145694331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation of the influence of growth medium on biomass composition and fatty acids profiles of Chlorella vulgaris micro-algae in sustainable biofuel production","authors":"Folayan Adewale Johnson,&nbsp;Bilal Patel,&nbsp;Januario Hossi","doi":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chlorella micro algae strains offer sustainable biomass feedstocks in biofuel production because of their resilience, diversity, high adaptability to environmental stresses, flexible cultivation alternatives and high biomass and total lipids production tendencies among others. In this study, the influence of growth medium on the biomass composition and fatty acids profiles of SAG 211-11b <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em> micro-algae strain in sustainable biofuel production was investigated by advanced experimental and analytical techniques. The micro-algae strain was cultured in the laboratory with modified-blue–green algae nutrients. The extraction was done in a Spe-edTM supercritical fluid extraction equipment by Applied Separations Inc (USA). The micro-algae biomass and its triglycerides were analysed by a Schimadzu Nexera 40D Series ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) system that was equipped with a photo-diode array detector (PDA) and a triple quadrupole, Iso-butane gas-source chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CI-MS/MS). Also, the influence of light intensity and glucose concentration on biomass productivity of <em>C.vulgaris</em> micro-algae strain as well as the quantification of the degree of these effects by ANOVA was investigated. Heterotrophic micro-algae have a biomass productivity of 7.11 ± 0.36 mgL ⁻¹day ⁻¹. Their fatty acids composition is predominantly mono-unsaturated (59.96%), with oleic acid (C18:1) contributing 46.87% and palmitoleic acid (C16:1) accounting for 9.14%. Poly-unsaturated fatty acids make up only 9.59%. Whereas the photoautotrophic micro-algae culture has a biomass productivity value of 2.8 ± 0.15 mgL ⁻¹day ⁻¹ and higher total poly-unsaturated fatty acids (41.82%) with linoleic (C18:2) and linolenic (C18:3) acids constituting 28.42% and 13.40% respectively. The practical implication of the different fatty acids moieties on biofuel production is that the <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em> micro-algae that was cultivated from the photoautotrophic route have lower lipids contents (22.18 ± 1.25mg/L) but better cold flow characteristics. Whereas, the heterotrophic micro-algae have higher total lipids contents (53.20 ± 2.75mg/L) and better biofuel qualities owing to lower quantities of poly-unsaturated fatty acids components. There is a strong positive relationship up to saturation point among light intensity, glucose concentration and biomass productivity. Finally, the heterotrophic micro-algae bio-fuel has higher cetane index value of 56.16 ± 2.75 and calorific value of 39.82 ± 2.17 MJ/Kg compared to the photoautotrophic micro-algae biofuel with lower values of 49.20 ± 2.30 and 39.33 ± 2.13 MJ/Kg. This represents better ignition quality and lower fuel consumption characteristics of the heterotrophic biofuel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100598,"journal":{"name":"Green Technologies and Sustainability","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145694330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing torrefied rubberwood pellets for sustainable bioenergy: Industrial application, eco-efficiency, and carbon mitigation","authors":"Natthakritta Nokkhum ,&nbsp;Attaso Khamwichit ,&nbsp;Wipawee Dechapanya","doi":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global shift towards sustainable bioenergy demands not only improved biomass upgrading methods but also credible validation of their techno-economic and environmental feasibility at an industrial scale. Torrefaction has long been recognized for enhancing biomass fuel properties, yet a persistent challenge lies in translating laboratory results into viable, large-scale applications. This study addresses that challenge by introducing an integrated “optimization-to-application” framework for torrefied rubberwood sawdust pellets (TSP). The framework combines four complementary approaches: (1) laboratory-scale process optimization using a Central Composite Design (CCD) in Design Expert software (DE), systematically varying temperature, time, and initial moisture content due to their critical impact on torrefaction performance; (2) industrial-scale mass and energy balance simulations to evaluate process efficiency and heat recovery; (3) a GIS-based logistical assessment for optimal plant siting; and (4) a cradle-to-grave Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) to quantify environmental outcomes. Laboratory trials identified optimal torrefaction conditions (274.6 °C, 20<!--> <!-->min, 6% initial moisture), producing TSP with a higher heating value of 21.51<!--> <!-->MJ/kg, an energy densification ratio of 1.16, and a projected mass yield of 89.5%. Scaling these parameters to an industrial model with a heat recovery efficiency of 71.4% reduced production costs from $223.78 to $203.49 per ton, while lowering process-related CO₂ emissions by 43.5% (229.39<!--> <!-->kg CO₂/ton). The resulting Economic Environmental Index (EEI) improved by 162%. A sensitivity analysis using actual operational data from the facility revealed that the LCIA further confirmed notable reductions in global warming potential of 21.29% for plywood/RSP processing, and 38.43% for TSP production. GIS analysis pinpointed a plant location that cut transport costs by 29% compared with a non-integrated site. Collectively, these results demonstrate a practical pathway for deploying TSP as a sustainable industrial fuel. Replacing coal with TSP at a single large-scale cement facility could yield an estimated $86.4<!--> <!-->million annually in carbon credit value, underscoring both the economic and environmental significance of this transition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100598,"journal":{"name":"Green Technologies and Sustainability","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145694390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upcycled textile and agricultural waste for thermal and acoustic insulation solutions","authors":"Ipek Yalcin-Enis ,&nbsp;Merve Kucukali-Ozturk ,&nbsp;Hande Sezgin","doi":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates a novel combination of materials, incorporating pantyhose and rice husk, to develop sustainable insulation panel candidates, an approach that has not been previously explored in the literature. Pantyhose, composed primarily of polyamide and elastane, are frequently discarded due to their short lifespan, while rice husks are a common agricultural by-product. Pantyhose waste was processed into fibers and formed into web structures using a carding machine. Two production methods were employed to create insulation panels: needle punching and hot pressing. For needle-punched panels, the fiber composition and number of layers (2-plied and 4-plied) were varied. Composite panels were produced in the same plies via hot pressing, incorporating polypropylene fibers as binders (10% wt.) and rice husks in powder or granule form (20% wt.). Key performance tests included sound absorption, thermal conductivity, air permeability, fiber composition, thickness, and density. Results showed that composite panels exhibited superior sound absorption, with the addition of rice husk powder further enhancing performance; the best-performing sample (C-4P-PW) reached a sound absorption coefficient of 0.74 at 2500 Hz. Conversely, needle-punched panels provided better thermal insulation, with sample N-2P-FB achieving the lowest thermal conductivity of 0.038 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ due to its porous structure. This study highlights the potential of combining textile and agricultural waste to develop eco-friendly insulation materials, which are considered promising candidate materials pending further validation for building applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100598,"journal":{"name":"Green Technologies and Sustainability","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145750383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of microbial inoculum in improving composting performance and promoting compost maturation: A review","authors":"Hussein G. Salih ,&nbsp;Noori M. Cata Saady ,&nbsp;Baiyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Talib M. Albayati","doi":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accelerating the composting of organic waste remains a key objective in research and practice. This review aims to critically examine recent advancements in microbial inoculation (MI) strategies and their role in enhancing composting performance and promoting compost maturation. It synthesizes findings on microbial inocula, including single strains and consortia, and their effects on composting phases, microbial succession, and metabolic functions. It discusses the influence of MI on physicochemical parameters, such as moisture content, pH, temperature, and nutrient balance, and the impact on compost stability and humification. It addresses the impact of microplastics on microbial communities in composting, highlighting how microplastics can alter microbial dynamics and affect compost quality. The MI improves the efficiency of organic matter decomposition, shortens the time, enhances pathogen suppression, and produces higher-quality compost. Inoculations encourage enzyme synthesis, accelerate the breakdown of organic matter, elevate temperatures, boost humification, and enhance compost maturity. This review highlights the importance of MI in enhancing organic waste biotransformation, thereby contributing to sustainable waste management and resource recovery. It identifies research gaps and suggests future research directions, including large-scale inoculation trials, economic feasibility assessments, and the development of standardized microbial dosing protocols to support industrial and municipal composting systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100598,"journal":{"name":"Green Technologies and Sustainability","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How does ICT diffusion affect environmental sustainability in KSA? The moderating role of financial sector","authors":"Mehdi Abid ,&nbsp;Hanane Abdelli ,&nbsp;Zouheyr Gheraia ,&nbsp;Mohamed Ghandri ,&nbsp;Mona Elshaabany","doi":"10.1016/j.grets.2026.100354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.grets.2026.100354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental sustainability (ES) is increasingly shaped by technological advancement, particularly through the diffusion of information and communication technologies (ICT). While ICT has the potential to improve environmental outcomes, its effectiveness often depends on supportive financial systems that can fund green innovation and infrastructure. This paper examines the impact of the interaction between ICT diffusion and financial development (FD) on ES. This relationship was assessed using the quantile regression (QR) approach in the KSA from 1990 to 2019. First, at aggregate level, our empirical results suggest that both FD and ICT increase ES. Additionally, the combined effect of FD and ICT improves ES. Secondly, at disaggregate levels, the FD index indicates that Bank deposits and Broad money are likely to compromise ES. In contrast, domestic credit to private sector positively affects ES. However, individuals using the Internet (IUI) and fixed telephone subscriptions (FTS) have a positive impact on ES, while mobile cellular subscriptions (MCS) have a negative impact. Thirdly, the interaction impact between MCS and FD has a negative relationship with ES. In contrast, the interaction effects between FD and IUI, as well as between FD and FTS, exerts a positive influence on environmental sustainability. This study recommends that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s government and policymakers can achieve environmental sustainability more rapidly by promoting financial development in conjunction with the internet use and fixed subscriptions, rather than focusing on mobile subscriptions growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100598,"journal":{"name":"Green Technologies and Sustainability","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valorization of palm kernel shell waste into briquettes: Assessing physicochemical properties and combustion characteristics","authors":"Devia Gahana Cindi Alfian ,&nbsp;Didik Supriyadi ,&nbsp;Asnan Rinovian ,&nbsp;Andhyka Tyaz Nugraha ,&nbsp;Miftahul Huda ,&nbsp;Dicky Januarizky Silitonga","doi":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The palm oil industry plays a key socio-economic role in tropical countries but generates waste with untapped economic potential. This work aims to advance sustainable solutions through valorization of plantation waste, specifically palm kernel shells, as biochar briquettes. In particular, this study assesses the potential of these briquettes for practical use by examining the physicochemical properties and combustion characteristics. The briquettes exhibit low moisture (5.3 wt%), moderate ash (9.54 wt%), volatile matter (39.72 wt%), fixed carbon (45.45 wt%), and a calorific value of 5477.18 Cal/g. Physicochemical evaluations via proximate and ultimate analyses, and FTIR spectroscopy allow comparison against mainstream products, with FTIR indicating increased carbonization and hydrophobicity. The assessment indicates that the briquette developed in the current study has favorable characteristics and is therefore industrially promising. Combustion kinetics and thermodynamic parameters are investigated using thermogravimetric analysis, which reveals ignition and burnout temperatures of 270–281 °C and 523–549 °C, respectively. The maximum burning rate reaches 8.92 %/min at 20 °C/min. Four isoconversional methods (Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose, Ozawa–Flynn–Wall, Starink, and Tang) are applied. Results indicate comparable average activation energies (126–138 kJ/mol), validating method consistency and supporting robust kinetic interpretation. Thermodynamic analysis confirms endothermic devolatilization, positive <span><math><mi>Δ</mi></math></span>G (127–139 kJ/mol), and negative <span><math><mi>Δ</mi></math></span>S (-0.138 to -0.142 kJ/mol.K), suggesting formation of ordered transition complexes. These findings highlight the industrial potential of biochar briquettes as a sustainable biomass fuel, supporting a circular economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100598,"journal":{"name":"Green Technologies and Sustainability","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145694279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-simulating the effects of nature-based and conventional composite facades on building thermal and energy performance in temperate climates","authors":"Tobi Eniolu Morakinyo ,&nbsp;Kalani C. Dahanayake ,&nbsp;Sikiru O. Ismail","doi":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The choice of building façade materiality and composition plays a significant role in indoor and outdoor thermal comfort as well as energy efficiency. However, the carbon footprint of most construction materials contributes negatively to climate change, reinforcing the need for Net-Zero Carbon Buildings (NZCBs). Incorporating nature-based materials into façade compositions can help minimize carbon emissions in the building sector. However, their effects on indoor-outdoor climate interactions and energy conservation is less well studied. This study analyzed the impact of six different façade compositions — comprising a reference (all concrete), two brick-based designs, two stacked bio-based insulations, and a mixed concrete-bio-based material (hempcrete) — on indoor energy consumption and outdoor thermal conditions using a co-simulation approach with ENVI-met and EnergyPlus. The results showed that during summer, all façade scenarios exhibited warmer external wall surfaces during the daytime, with brick-based walls cooling down while bio-based insulated walls remained warmer at night. In winter, all walls were cooler throughout the day and night. The Mixed Hemp-Crete (MHC) façade consistently stayed cooler across seasons. Other façade compositions influenced ambient air temperature, with daytime warming and nighttime cooling effects observed during summer, indicating the potential of these materials to mitigate urban heat. Peak summer energy consumption increased by 12%–98% across the façade scenarios due to variations in composition, whereas winter energy consumption decreased by 25%–68% compared to the fully concrete façade system. Annually, stacked and mixed bio-based façade scenarios demonstrated a heating consumption reduction of 48%–52%, highlighting their potential to lower energy consumption in regions with long, cold winters. These findings emphasize the significant contribution of nature-based façade materials to global carbon mitigation efforts, offering a promising pathway toward achieving NZCBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100598,"journal":{"name":"Green Technologies and Sustainability","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145694278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interorganisational cooperation as a way of accessing green technologies for the integration of sustainable practices in SMEs","authors":"Simão Bichinho ,&nbsp;Mário Franco ,&nbsp;Margarida Rodrigues","doi":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In implementing sustainable practices, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) must adopt green technologies, but due to their limited resources, one possible strategy for accessing this type of technology is the formation of inter-organisational cooperation relationships. In this sense, this study aims to understand the motivations and how co-operation can facilitate the use of green technologies to implement sustainability practices in SMEs. To achieve this objective, a qualitative research approach was chosen, using 7 SMEs (cases) from different sectors of activity in a region in the interior of Portugal. The data collection technique used was document analysis and interviews with the owner-managers of the selected companies. From a content analysis, the results show the existence of awareness and commitment on the part of SMEs to the application of green technologies, and recognition of the importance of inter-organisational cooperation in order to access them. With the use of these green technologies, SMEs are more easily implementing sustainability practices in their business activities. With regard to the motivations for inter-organisational cooperation as a strategy for adopting green technologies, it was concluded that sharing knowledge and resources were the main reasons. This study also concludes that SMEs are aware that it is necessary to avoid waste, reduce costs, have a differentiated and environmentally friendly product, as well as being concerned about their image in the eyes of the target public and social responsibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100598,"journal":{"name":"Green Technologies and Sustainability","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145694274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}