Green Technologies and Sustainability最新文献

{"title":"Understanding environmental noise: Transmission, attenuation, resonance and health implications","authors":"Yoshiyasu Takefuji","doi":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the behavior of environmental noise, a critical topic for acoustic experts. Sound and noise propagate through various media via pressure variations, with attenuation significantly influenced by environmental factors, source types, frequencies, and climatic conditions. Attenuation refers to the reduction of sound intensity. Noise sources are classified into point, line, and plane categories. Sound is perceived by the human ear, while noise is unwanted sound. The distinction between the two depends on individual perception, the environment, and circumstances. Noise can be audible or inaudible, with inaudible noise, such as infrasound and ultrasound, potentially posing health risks. This paper examines noise attenuation in relation to sources, frequencies, and site conditions such as resonance phenomena. It also addresses the limitations of current acoustic measurement technologies and proposes advancements for the field of acoustic science due to neglecting resonance phenomena. By understanding these factors, we can effectively assess and mitigate the impact of noise on human and animal health and the environment.</div><div><strong>What is known:</strong> Sound and noise propagate through pressure variations in air, liquid, or solid. Noise sources are categorized into point, line, and plane sources. While sound is what we hear, noise is considered unwanted sound. The reduction of sound intensity, known as attenuation, varies based on environmental factors, source types, and frequencies. Attenuation is frequency-dependent, with higher frequencies generally experiencing greater attenuation. The surrounding environment, whether it consists of hard or soft sites, significantly impacts attenuation. Current acoustic measurement technologies, such as FFT analysis, have limitations in terms of frequency resolution and transducer capabilities.</div><div><strong>What this paper adds:</strong> This paper adds to the existing knowledge by providing a comprehensive analysis of noise attenuation, covering point, line, and plane sources, frequency-dependent attenuation, and environmental factors. It specifically addresses the often-overlooked attenuation of infrasound and explores the unique characteristics of both natural resonance noises. The paper discusses the limitations of FFT frequency resolution and its impact on acoustic signal measurement, suggesting potential advancements in acoustic measurement technologies to address these limitations. Additionally, it highlights the potential health implications of infrasound, including its ability to cause resonance and amplify sound levels. By offering a detailed overview and addressing specific gaps in knowledge, this paper contributes to a better understanding of environmental noise and its implications for human health and the environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100598,"journal":{"name":"Green Technologies and Sustainability","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143929370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Riverine agroforestry systems: Tree diversity and species structure along Lilagar river catchment in Chhattisgarh, India","authors":"Arun Kumar Shukla ,&nbsp;K.K. Chandra ,&nbsp;Rajesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Atul Kumar Bhardwaj","doi":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Riverine agroforestry is essential for maintaining biodiversity, climate-resilient farming as well as maintaining river flow. However, our rivers are drying and diminishing due to increasing anthropogenic activities in the riverine ecosystem. In this study, the riverine agroforestry system along the Lilagar river, Bilaspur, India was compared with the natural forest in terms of tree diversity, structure, and composition. Ten grid points at 10 km intervals along the riverine habitat covering 100 km length of the river were undertaken. A number of trees, IVI, Shannon–Weiner Index, dominance, evenness index, etc., were analysed and compared with both the land use system. Thirty-seven tree species were reported in riverine agroforestry systems, compared to 28 tree species from the natural forest. Tree species belonging to the Fabaceae family dominate in riverine agroforestry while Combetaceae and Anacardiaceae are in the natural forest. Tree density was found 86.25 ha<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> in agroforestry and 419.11 trees ha<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> in a natural forest. For riverine farmland and natural forests, the Shannon diversity index was 1.69 and 2.38, respectively, whereas the evenness index was measured at 0.473 and 0.703 for these two land use systems. Species dissimilarities were recorded in both the land use system. The results show that riverine agroforestry complements the natural forest for biodiversity conservation and supports in counteracting the loss of tree species from the natural ecosystem. Hence, promoting agroforestry in farmlands should be part of the biodiversity conservation strategy and increase riverine sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100598,"journal":{"name":"Green Technologies and Sustainability","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory evaluation of micro and nano eggshell powder on physical and rheological properties of bitumen","authors":"Alattafi Hadi Zghair Chfat ,&nbsp;Haryati Yaacob ,&nbsp;Nurul Hidayah Mohd Kamaruddin ,&nbsp;Zaid Hazim Al-Saffar ,&nbsp;Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya","doi":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bitumen is a non-renewable resource, and the rising global demand for it has resulted in higher costs for it. Consequently, researchers have conducted numerous studies exploring sustainable and cost-effective alternatives. One potential solution involves using waste materials as replacements or additives, which offers a promising approach to addressing these challenges. Therefore, this study focused on using eggshell powder in micro-sized (ESP) and nano-sized (NESP) as a modifier for bitumen, aiming to identify the most effective option. The characteristics of bitumen containing ESP and NESP at concentrations of 0 %, 5 %, 7 %, and 9 % by weight of bitumen have been investigated in terms of physical and rheological properties, including penetration, softening point, ductility, viscosity, storage stability, mass loss, and dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) test. In general, the results showed that adding ESP and NESP reduces penetration, increases softening point and viscosity values, and decreases ductility. NESP demonstrated better performance in terms of storage stability and mass loss at high temperatures. The DSR test revealed that the rutting parameter increased as ESP and NESP concentration increased, respectively. Additionally, NESP showed better enhancement in physical and rheological properties than ESP. Notably, 9% NESP represented the best concentration for improving bitumen properties. The study demonstrated that using eggshell waste for bitumen modification is a viable option with significant long-term benefits for both resources and the environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100598,"journal":{"name":"Green Technologies and Sustainability","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management practices and perception of waste face masks in university hostels and halls and potential risks: Recommendations for future preparedness","authors":"Douti Biyougue Nang ,&nbsp;Ebenezer Ebo Yahans Amuah ,&nbsp;Arkoh Abena Jennifer ,&nbsp;Samuel Kojo Abanyie ,&nbsp;Kwame Anokye ,&nbsp;Peace Ankor","doi":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The COVID-19 pandemic significantly increased the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), particularly face masks, which led to considerable waste management challenges. This study examined the management practices, perceptions, and potential risks associated with waste face masks among students at C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences. Data were collected from 150 respondents using semi-structured questionnaires and a convenience sampling approach. The results showed that 67% of students used surgical masks, while 33% used fabric masks. Daily mask usage indicated that 92% of the students used between 1–5 masks, while 8% used 6–10 masks. Also, 76% of respondents disposed of their masks with general waste, while 24% separated them before disposal. Disposal methods included burning (48%), dumping at designated sites (22%), and using public waste containers (30%). Also, 73% of the respondents believed improper disposal posed health risks, and 42% recognized potential environmental harm, such as pollution. In assessing agreement on waste management practices using a seven-point Likert scale, 51.3% strongly agreed that managing face mask waste at the hostel level should be encouraged, while 24.0% agreed, and 13.3% were neutral. Irregular waste collection (mean score: 4.27) was identified as a key barrier to proper disposal. The findings underscored the need for interventions, such as the provision of designated PPE waste bins, awareness campaigns to educate students on proper disposal practices, and improvements in waste collection frequency. These measures were crucial for reducing health and environmental risks and for enhancing preparedness for future public health emergencies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100598,"journal":{"name":"Green Technologies and Sustainability","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spent coffee grounds: Insights and future prospects for bioenergy and circular economy applications","authors":"Dayana Nascimento Dari,&nbsp;Lidya Fernandes da Silva,&nbsp;Antônio Mairton Bezerra Lima Júnior,&nbsp;Isabelly Silveira Freitas,&nbsp;Francisco Izaias da Silva Aires,&nbsp;José Cleiton Sousa dos Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coffee is the second most consumed beverage in the world and the second most traded commodity, behind only petroleum. Spent coffee grounds (SCG), a solid residue generated after coffee preparation, are produced on a large scale but are still underutilized. Its valorization can bring environmental, economic, and social benefits, boosting the circular bioeconomy. This bibliometric review analyzed 403 articles published in the Web of Science over more than 10 years, highlighting the revaluation of SCG and its integration into biorefineries as a sustainable strategy. With the advancement of biorefineries, studies indicate the possibility of almost complete recovery of SCG, although research in this area is still limited. Several studies report its application in producing biocomposites, bioplastics, biofuels, adsorbents, and food additives, reducing the environmental footprint and promoting sustainable alternatives to petroleum-derived materials. The valorization of SCG reduces costs, minimizes waste, and boosts the bioeconomy, but most studies are still in the laboratory phase and need to be scaled up for industry. The SCG biorefinery has the potential to produce high-value bioactive compounds and bioenergy on a large scale, increasing its economic viability. In conclusion, future research should focus on producing biochar, biogas, bioactive extraction via the SCG biorefinery, and improving geopolymer materials for green construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100598,"journal":{"name":"Green Technologies and Sustainability","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of structural mechanics of chemical free pre-treated jute fabric","authors":"Neaz Morshed ,&nbsp;Md. Abdul Hannan ,&nbsp;Md. Dulal Hosen ,&nbsp;Zakaria Ahmed ,&nbsp;Shamsuzzaman Sheikh ,&nbsp;Ashfia Tasnim ,&nbsp;Sharmin Sultana ,&nbsp;Alamgir Hossain ,&nbsp;Md. Golam Murshed","doi":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the development of a chemical-free pretreatment on jute fabrics, as a benign alternative to traditional chemical pretreatment processes. Jute fabric samples were pretreated using non-chemical at 130°C for 1 hour in lab deep machine. The absorbency, color strength (K/S values), whiteness, CIELAB values, FTIR, SEM analysis, tensile strength and fastness of the treated fabrics to rubbing, washing and perspiration were evaluated. The chemical-free method (6.5 seconds vs. 4.1 seconds for water droplet absorption) demonstrates comparable absorbency to conventionally pretreated samples, boosted color strength (K/S 18.2 vs. K/S 15.8 for reactive dyes), and slightly reduced whiteness (149 vs. 159.1). Analysis of FTIR showed that hydrogen bonding was reduced, with minimal cellulose degradation after modeling, and surface roughness increased according to SEM analysis, enabling better diffusion of the absorbed dye. The chemical-free treated samples exhibited better dry rubbing fastness (3–4 vs. 3) and wash fastness ratings of 3–4 for color change and 3–5 for staining, which were comparable to those of conventionally dyed samples. The chemical-free samples had good elongation at peak (8.0% vs. 7.7%) and a slightly higher tensile strength (149.7 N vs. 147.5 N). These findings suggest that pretreatment without chemicals is a sustainable and eco-friendly method of preparing jute fabric while preserving or enhancing key mechanical and coloring qualities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100598,"journal":{"name":"Green Technologies and Sustainability","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigation of the thermal performance of PV system under variable wind speeds and ambient temperatures in the tropical climate of Malaysia","authors":"Aamir Sohail ,&nbsp;Mohd Syakirin Rusdi ,&nbsp;Mohd Zulkifly Abdullah ,&nbsp;Sakhr M. Sultan","doi":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research utilized three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate the fluid flow and thermal behaviour surrounding a standalone monocrystalline silicon PV module. The investigation concentrated on the precise determination of the PV module’s temperature, which is a critical factor that affects its power generation capabilities. The simulations incorporated the absorption of solar energy within the PV cells and systematically evaluated the resulting heat transfer mechanisms. Before conducting the analyses, a detailed mesh refinement study and thorough model validation were undertaken to ensure the precision and credibility of the findings. Our study provides a more detailed analysis of temperature distributions, offering a comprehensive evaluation of PV panel temperature variations, an aspect not thoroughly explored in previous research. A solar panel was positioned at a 15° angle for all cases. The study examined variations in environmental temperature of 300 K, 303 K, and 305 K, and a wind velocity ranging from 0.5 to 6 m/s was considered for all three atmospheric temperature conditions. CFD investigations found that the temperatures of PV modules are greatly affected by the surrounding temperature and air velocities. For a heat flux of 600 W/m², a substantial reduction of 15 °C in temperature was noted for increasing wind velocity from 1 m/s to 3 m/s. Numerical studies showed that raising the wind speed from 0.5 m/s to 4 m/s significantly lowers the temperature of the PV panel; however, any further increases beyond this point have a minimal added impact. These results highlighted how environmental conditions significantly affect PV conversion efficiency and emphasized the need to consider these while optimizing and designing solar systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100598,"journal":{"name":"Green Technologies and Sustainability","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slaughterhouse effluents and soil quality: A review","authors":"Lisiane Brichi ,&nbsp;Gustavo Pereira Valani ,&nbsp;Gabriela Pittoli Lyra ,&nbsp;Tamara Maria Gomes ,&nbsp;Fabrício Rossi","doi":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increased demand for food and water in a growing population leads to the need for sustainable food security strategies, in which the reuse of agro-industrial effluents may play an important role in addressing this challenge. However, only a few studies have focused on the impact of irrigation with slaughterhouse effluents on soil quality. Thus, this study aims to compile, classify, analyze, and discuss bibliometric data and soil quality assessments in studies on irrigation with slaughterhouse effluent. A bibliography research was conducted on the Web of Science and Scopus databases and a total of 29 records were selected and analyzed. Bibliometric aspects were evaluated and information about the methodological description of the experiment, the effluent and about soil quality was also extracted from the database. Australia, New Zealand, Brazil and Nigeria are the countries with the most publications from 1970 onwards, with the first two countries having scientific cooperation with each other. These studies assessed mainly chemical soil properties, from which total/available N, total/available P and exchangeable K the ones that most positively affected soil quality. Soil physical and biological indicators of soil quality were less frequently investigated and therefore further research is needed, since they contribute to the correct understanding of soil health and strategic decision-making aimed at maintaining crop productivity and ecosystem services provided by the soil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100598,"journal":{"name":"Green Technologies and Sustainability","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valorization of dredged sediments: Influence of sediment content on mechanical properties and environmental behavior","authors":"Bader Bouzar,&nbsp;Yannick Mamindy-Pajany,&nbsp;Nor-edine Abriak,&nbsp;Mahfoud Benzerzour","doi":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the valorization of marine sediments as a substitute for natural sand in cementitious matrices for maritime applications. The results indicate that increasing sediment content leads to higher water-accessible porosity, resulting in materials that are less dense than the reference ones. However, mechanical performance remains acceptable for many maritime applications, even at high substitution rates exceeding 50%. The microscopic analysis confirms that the sediment is mainly composed of quartz — similar to natural sand — the​ physical properties of the two materials diverge considerably. The sediment exhibits higher porosity, greater water absorption, and lower bulk density, largely due to its finer particle size distribution and more heterogeneous morphology. The sediment morphology influences both the fresh and hardened states of the mortars, particularly impacting porosity and workability. Compressive strength tests identified the optimal formulation containing 60% sediment, achieving compressive strengths of 17 MPa at 7 days, 31 MPa at 28 days, and 35 MPa at 90 days in freshwater curing, with comparable results in saltwater. The material also demonstrated a robust dynamic modulus, suitable for long-term applications. Environmental assessments, including leaching tests performed according to NF EN 12457-2, confirmed that the sediment-based mortars are inert. All concentrations of trace metals and anions remained well below the regulatory thresholds for inert waste, even after 90 days of curing. The results further show that the sediment does not release harmful pollutants in marine or terrestrial environments, making it environmentally safe.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100598,"journal":{"name":"Green Technologies and Sustainability","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review: Biogenic synthesis of Ca, Mg, Si nano fertilizers and their foliar studies on legume crops production","authors":"Saurabh Singh ,&nbsp;Nilesh Mali ,&nbsp;Aman Jain ,&nbsp;Giriraj Tailor ,&nbsp;Nelson Joseph P.","doi":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biogenic synthesis of essential nutrients elements based nano fertilizers has been synthesized via green route methods to produce nano-sized fertilizers for require crops. In this methods leverages natural sources, such as plant parts, bacteria, and fungi are used and protect to environment from chemical fertilizers and constructs environmental friendly efficient fertilizers. The nano scale of these fertilizers allows for better nutrient uptake, potentially leading to improved agricultural yields and reduced environmental impact. By utilizing biogenic methods, the production process minimizes the use of harmful chemicals, aligning with sustainable bio based practices. This review investigates the current advancements in biogenic production macronutrient based NPs and their foliar application on crops. They explores the utilization of biological sources, particularly plant extracts, in the creation of macronutrient based nanoparticles. This review also explores the current advancements in the foliar application of nanofertilizers within the agricultural sector and particular focus on calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and silicon (Si). The review emphasizes how these biogenically synthesized nanofertilizer contribute to improved plant growth and soil health and focusing on their ability to enhance nutrient efficiency and reduce environmental impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100598,"journal":{"name":"Green Technologies and Sustainability","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}