Green Technologies and Sustainability最新文献

{"title":"Partial hydrogenation of trimethylolpropane triester derived from sunflower seed oil over Pt/KIT-6 catalyst for high oxidation stability bio-transformer oil application","authors":"Jenviwat Sornvoralop ,&nbsp;Boonyawan Yoosuk ,&nbsp;Napida Hinchiranan","doi":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Currently, bio-transformer oil (BTO) is in high demand due to the increasing demand for electrical power and environmental policy considerations. Hence, this research aimed to produce BTO with high oxidation tolerance via partial hydrogenation of trimethylolpropane triester derived from sunflower seed oil (SF-TMPTE) over Pt/KIT-6 catalyst. The results revealed that as-prepared Pt/KIT-6 catalysts with various Pt loadings exhibited a high mesopore surface area with a uniform pore size distribution. The importance of studied reaction parameters on iodine value, reflecting the degree of unsaturation of hydrogenated BTO (H-BTO), was investigated using a univariate experiment and a <span><math><msup><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>-factorial experimental design. The reaction condition was then optimized to obtain the H-BTO having the acceptable pour point (-10 °C) following IEC 62770 specification and high oxidation stability (14 h), which was the same levels as commercial BTO (FR3®). The obtained results indicated that the system operated using 0.25 wt% catalyst content consisting of 0.25 wt% Pt loading under 15 bar initial <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> pressure and 1250 rpm stirring rate at 70 °C for 20 min was optimal to provide H-BTO having iodine value (IV) of 87 <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>iodine</mi></mrow></msub><mo>/</mo><mn>100</mn></mrow></math></span>\u0000 <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>oil</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, which reached the desired pour point and oxidation stability of -10 °C and 14 h, respectively. Additionally, the H-BTO obtained under this optimal condition exhibited physical and electrical properties that conformed to the IEC 62770 standard. The Pt/KIT-6 catalyst with an appropriate platinum loading also demonstrated excellent reusability, maintaining high performance over four consecutive cycles. This indicates that the production of H-BTO with high oxidation stability via catalytic hydrogenation over Pt/KIT-6 catalyst is a promising process with strong potential for future BTO manufacturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100598,"journal":{"name":"Green Technologies and Sustainability","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing power sector decarbonization in Indonesia through an integrated policy modeling framework","authors":"Wahri Sunanda ,&nbsp;M. Isnaeni Bambang Setyonegoro ,&nbsp;Sasongko Pramono Hadi ,&nbsp;Sarjiya","doi":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Indonesia’s power sector is still dominated by fossil fuels, which makes it difficult for the country to meet its climate goals. This study develops an integrated modeling framework to evaluate long term decarbonization pathways that combine a carbon tax (CT), an emissions trading system (ETS), and carbon capture and storage (CCS). We use a generation expansion model based on mixed integer linear programming and simulate six policy scenarios from 2025 to 2050 to assess impacts on <span><math><msub><mrow><mtext>CO</mtext></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> emissions, generation mix, capital investment, and system costs. Among integrated policies, the combined carbon pricing and CCS scenario (CEC) achieves the largest emissions reduction, reaching 389.1 Mt<span><math><msub><mrow><mtext>CO</mtext></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> in 2050, a 68.2% decrease relative to the no policy scenario. This pathway also requires the highest annual capital investment, of USD 78.42 billion in 2050, compared with USD 26.33 billion in the no policy case. More moderate instruments, such as a carbon tax alone, deliver smaller reductions (45%) with lower costs. The CEC scenario attains an 83.6% renewable share of installed capacity by 2050, while the combined ETS and CCS scenario (EC) reaches 82.2%, driven by growth in solar PV, wind, biomass, hydropower, and geothermal. Sensitivity analyses indicate that solar deployment is highly responsive to capital cost changes and that increases in the carbon price beyond USD 63 per t<span><math><msub><mrow><mtext>CO</mtext></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> yield diminishing marginal benefits. These results highlight the value of early and coordinated climate policy to support an equitable and sustainable transition, and the proposed framework offers a decision support tool for integrated energy and climate strategies under uncertainty.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100598,"journal":{"name":"Green Technologies and Sustainability","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145694276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upcycling of waste plastics, end-of-life tire rubber, and bio-derived oils for circular asphalt pavements: A Systematic review","authors":"Haider Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Gohar Alam ,&nbsp;Riffat Amna ,&nbsp;Ahmed Faheem","doi":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The asphalt industry faces growing challenges from stringent greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction mandates and diminishing high-quality virgin material reserves. This review paper positions upcycling as the engineered transformation of waste into performance-enhancing additives and positions it as a paradigm shift from traditional recycling practices that often lead to diminished long-term material performance. This systematic review screened 3654 publications and critically analyzed 170 peer-reviewed studies to map the state of knowledge, performance gains, and implementation barriers associated with upcycled additives in flexible pavements. Three dominant waste streams were examined: (i) plastics, (ii) rubber from end-of-life tire (ELT), and (iii) bio-derived oils. Among the most promising techniques identified were plastic-rubber copolymerization processes, controlled devulcanization of ELTs through microwave assistance, and strategic chemical functionalization of bio-oils through epoxidation and transesterification pathways. These innovations address persistent challenges in durability, phase compatibility, and aging while enabling higher waste incorporation rates. However, widespread implementation remains constrained by feedstock heterogeneity, processing infrastructure investments, and regulatory frameworks that are not yet aligned with circular economy principles. This work recommends three critical interventions to accelerate market adoption: (1) standardization of upcycling terminology and testing protocols within existing specification frameworks, (2) integration of circular materials science into civil engineering curricula, and (3) development of procurement policies that properly value life-cycle environmental benefits. Rather than representing an incremental improvement to recycling practices, upcycling fundamentally reconceptualizes waste materials as strategic assets for developing more sustainable and resilient pavement infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100598,"journal":{"name":"Green Technologies and Sustainability","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145694391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergizing climate mitigation and circular economy: A Comprehensive review for achieving carbon neutrality","authors":"Babalola Aisosa Oni ,&nbsp;Omolara Yetunde Oni ,&nbsp;Oluchukwu Sunday ,&nbsp;Victor Oyebamiji Ojo ,&nbsp;Odunola Latifah Odofin","doi":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This comprehensive review examines the synergistic integration of climate mitigation strategies and circular economy (CE) principles as a pathway toward achieving global carbon neutrality. While traditional mitigation measures such as renewable energy adoption, carbon capture, and efficiency improvement are vital, they remain insufficient without systemic transformation across economic and industrial sectors. CE practices, including resource efficiency, waste valorization, product life extension, and recycling, offer complementary solutions that decouple economic growth from environmental degradation. This study synthesizes interdisciplinary insights on how CE principles enhance the effectiveness of renewable energy systems, industrial decarbonization, and waste reduction. It also highlights regional disparities, policy barriers, and opportunities for cross-sectoral innovation. Through an extensive review of international carbon neutrality initiatives and sectoral case studies, the paper identifies the multidimensional impacts of CE integration spanning reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, improvements in resource productivity, and strengthened socio-economic resilience. The findings underscore that achieving carbon neutrality requires a unified framework combining technological, economic, and policy measures that prioritize sustainability transitions. Ultimately, the study contributes a holistic perspective on leveraging CE-driven innovation to accelerate climate action and establish a sustainable, low-carbon global economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100598,"journal":{"name":"Green Technologies and Sustainability","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced digital solutions for construction waste management: A 4D BIM integrated scenario analysis","authors":"Abdulwahed Fazeli ,&nbsp;Saeed Reza Mohandes ,&nbsp;Khuong LeNguyen ,&nbsp;Saeed Banihashemi","doi":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Construction generates substantial material waste with environmental and economic impacts, yet current methods rarely integrate waste estimation with project schedules. This study develops and validates semi-automated 4D BIM framework that links element-level quantities to standardized resource specifications — CSI MasterFormat and the Iranian Cost Estimation Standard (ICES) — and propagates material-specific waste factors into a time-phased (Autodesk Navisworks Timeliner) analysis. Two custom applications (“Material-DB” and “Waste-Estimation”) import ICES items, map them to MasterFormat codes, compute waste by unit (area/volume/mass), and populate BIM parameters that are visualized over the construction programme. A municipal office project in Tehran (<span><math><mo>≈</mo></math></span>6800 m², four floors) is used for validation. BIM-based estimates align with observed site waste within <span><math><mo>≤</mo></math></span>17% deviation across key streams (e.g., concrete −7.6%, masonry −14.0%, tiles +8.0%, iron −16.7%), with concrete waste peaking early during foundations and primary envelopes. Five design/material scenarios demonstrate how the method supports fast scenario testing and cost appraisal; for example, Scenario 3 yields the lowest waste cost, whereas Scenarios 5 and 2 are highest. The framework enables schedule-aware waste planning, targeted design changes (e.g., exterior wall systems, stone/tile use), and routine waste audits, offering a replicable path towards time-cost-waste trade-off decisions in early project phases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100598,"journal":{"name":"Green Technologies and Sustainability","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conical solar still with internal and external modifications: A comprehensive review","authors":"Mudhar A. Al-Obaidi ,&nbsp;Farhan Lafta Rashid ,&nbsp;Saif Ali Kadhim ,&nbsp;Abdallah Bouabidi ,&nbsp;Ali Alshammari ,&nbsp;Moneer H. Tolephih","doi":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global water emergency requires innovative and sustainable solutions to afford clean water especially after a rapid growing populations and industrial practices besides environmental changes. Solar desalination, particularly through conical solar stills (CSSs), presents a promising approach due to its environmental sustainability and economic viability, openly supporting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially Goal 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation). The current paper demonstrates a thorough review of CSS technology development, signifying performance-improving modifications intend to upgrade water productivity. Several improvements have been achieved through internal modifications such as the incorporation of nanofluids with energy storage materials comprising stainless-steel balls, black glass balls and graphite fins in addition to optimized geometries utilizing egg steel trays. Referring to this review, the implementation of nanofluids has resulted in a maximum daily yield boost of 2.81 L/m², yet stainless-steel balls have improved productivity by 95.58% and graphite fins have delivered an exergy efficiency rise by 574.1%. Also, the external modification including​ evacuated tube collectors with photovoltaic thermal systems and reflective mirrors have entailed performance improvements ranging between 33.67% and 74.14%. CSS designs demonstrate better performance than traditional systems based on optimal setups that achieve a water productivity rate of 10.26 L/m² day and a thermal efficiency rate beyond 69%. Economically, the advantages reflected in this review signify potential and water cost reductions of more than 50% and short payback periods starting from 2.75 years. Although the development of upgraded solar water desalination delivers numerous benefits, existed difficulties pertain regarding system performance optimization and simplicity management across various environmental situations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100598,"journal":{"name":"Green Technologies and Sustainability","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145750381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies enhancing the implementation of design for adaptability in the Ghanaian construction industry: An exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses","authors":"Kofi Agyekum ,&nbsp;Jenefailus Nikoi Kotei-Martin ,&nbsp;Hayford Pittri ,&nbsp;Rhoda Gasue ,&nbsp;Kezia Nana Yaa Serwaa Sackey","doi":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the benefits design for adaptability (DfA) contributes to achieving sustainability and circularity in the construction industry, studies have demonstrated that construction professionals are yet to realize its full potential. This study examines the strategies that can enhance the practice of DfA among design professionals in the Ghanaian construction industry (GCI). A quantitative approach was used to achieve the aim of the study by soliciting the views of 236 design professionals in the GCI through structured questionnaires. Data gathered were analyzed via descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed six key categories of strategies (i.e., management strategies, economic strategies, governmental regulations and policy strategies, design strategies, technological strategies and social strategies) to enhance the implementation of DfA practices in the GCI. This study highlights the theoretical and practical implications of DfA implementation, offering actionable insights for construction stakeholders to foster sustainability and resilience in the built environment. It contributes to academic discourse by categorizing strategies and proposing an implementation framework relevant to developing economies like Ghana.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100598,"journal":{"name":"Green Technologies and Sustainability","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145651990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydraulic conductivity of CFBC fly ash-based geopolymer: Toward sustainable liner materials","authors":"Andika Ade Indra Saputra ,&nbsp;Ria Asih Aryani Soemitro ,&nbsp;Trihanyndio Rendy Satrya ,&nbsp;Dwa Desa Warnana ,&nbsp;Mohammad Muntaha ,&nbsp;Mahendra Andiek Maulana ,&nbsp;Kefiyalew Zerfu ,&nbsp;Edom Adane Zewdie ,&nbsp;Irwanda Laory ,&nbsp;Januarti Jaya Ekaputri","doi":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The availability of natural soils with hydraulic conductivity below 1 × 10<span><math><mrow><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>9</mn></mrow></msup><mspace></mspace><mi>m/s</mi></mrow></math></span> for liner systems is declining, while industrial waste such as circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) fly ash remains underutilized. Conventional geosynthetic clay liners (GCL) are also prone to degradation in aggressive environments, particularly acid mine drainage (AMD). This study explores the valorization of CFBC fly ash as a single precursor in geopolymer paste production, focusing on hydraulic conductivity and initial AMD interaction for sustainable liner applications. CFBC fly ash contents ranging from 55 to 75% by total geopolymer weight were investigated, and their physical, mechanical, and hydraulic properties were evaluated. The mixture containing 60% CFBC fly ash exhibited optimal performance, achieving a compressive strength of 12.3 MPa, an ultrasonic pulse velocity of 2163 m/s, and a hydraulic conductivity of 3.8 × 10<span><math><mrow><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>11</mn></mrow></msup><mspace></mspace><mi>m/s</mi></mrow></math></span>. This formulation was further tested by immersion in AMD (pH 2.65) for 28 days with 7-day replacement cycles, showing no visible deterioration and only minor changes in the Si–O–T bond, as confirmed by FTIR. These results highlight the potential of CFBC fly ash-based geopolymers as sustainable alternatives to natural soil and GCL, combining low hydraulic conductivity with preliminary stability under acidic exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100598,"journal":{"name":"Green Technologies and Sustainability","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into recent developments and obstacles in automated fruit ripeness classification","authors":"Zienab F.R. Ahmed ,&nbsp;Abdelmoneim K. Abdalla ,&nbsp;Navjot Kaur ,&nbsp;Falin Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ripening stage of a fruit is a crucial determinant of its quality. Traditional assessment methods for fruit ripeness are often subjective, error-prone, and time-consuming. Therefore, numerous attempts are being made to establish rapid and reliable techniques for assessing the ripeness of fruits and vegetables. Innovative technologies, such as electronic noses, imaging technologies, and nondestructive firmness sensors, have been employed to evaluate fruit maturity based on various descriptive criteria. The most effective approaches are dominated by artificial intelligence (AI) strategies, namely, machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and most recently explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). With the rapid evolution of automated ripeness classification, this review summarizes recent developments in sensors, algorithms, and real-world applications across fruits and vegetables. It also evaluates the main obstacles (environmental variability, generalizability, and data quality) and outlines promising avenues for feasible, scalable solutions. The findings of this study emphasize the need for standardized methodologies to enable reproducibility and outcome comparisons. Developing a common framework for evaluating various algorithms, sensing systems, and comparable datasets as well as standardized evaluation criteria could significantly advance automated fruit ripeness classification. Higher classification accuracy can be achieved using more complex deep learning algorithms, such as convolutional neural networks, despite their high accuracy, the lack of transparency and explainability limits the broader industrial adoption of such techniques. Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) is emerging as a promising approach, enhancing transparency and trust by addressing the interpretability challenges inherent in complex AI-driven models. In conclusion, although automated ripeness classification has made significant advances in recent years, improvements in data processing, standardization, and accuracy are still needed to address current challenges. By integrating appropriate sensing technologies and selecting suitable feature data and algorithms, automatic classification of fruit ripeness can be continually enhanced, thereby improving classification accuracy. This progress will ultimately contribute to advancements in agricultural intelligence, supply chain management, higher food quality, and reduced waste generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100598,"journal":{"name":"Green Technologies and Sustainability","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145694327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable biodegradable polymer volcanic stone, and palm waste composites with enhanced properties for waste upcycling and energy-efficient construction","authors":"Noura Al-Mazrouei ,&nbsp;Amged Elhassan ,&nbsp;Waleed Ahmed ,&nbsp;Ali Al Marzouqi ,&nbsp;Essam Zaneldin","doi":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.grets.2025.100326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This  research designs a sustainable composite material using PLA, palm biomass, and ground volcanic stone (VSMGP) to improve mechanical and insulation efficiency for green construction. The raw materials were dried , sieved, and mixed under controlled conditions, subsequently shaped by injection and compression molding processes to prepare uniform samples. The blend with 20% VSMGP and 5% palm residue showed 91 MPa compressive strength, 90.99 MPa yield, and 5.08 mK/W thermal resistance, indicating gains exceeding 60% over neat PLA. These enhancements result from the interaction between mineral rigidity and palm fiber insulation. The developed material is suitable for low energy wall and cladding systems, aiding resource recovery and circular economy objectives in  construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100598,"journal":{"name":"Green Technologies and Sustainability","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}