Geology TodayPub Date : 2025-07-30DOI: 10.1111/gto.12519
Edward R. Landa
{"title":"Ground zero soil sampling: Trinity, 1945","authors":"Edward R. Landa","doi":"10.1111/gto.12519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gto.12519","url":null,"abstract":"<p>At Trinity—the world's first nuclear weapons testing site—large quantities of soil were drawn into the fireball to redeposit either downwind as radioactive fallout or in the near-field as a unique, anthropogenic silicate glass <i>trinitite</i>. Manhattan Project physicists and chemists came to see soils at the Trinity site as a useful medium to assess the explosive power of the weapon they had developed. They devised ingenious ways to enter the high radiation field of the post-detonation crater at Ground Zero in order to sample soil bearing the radioisotope footprint of the fireball. A blend of out-of-the-box thinking, battle-proven US Army military hardware, gutsy geotechnical improvisation and emerging environmental radioactivity analytical capabilities provided the answers needed by strategists at this critical stage in the Second World War.</p>","PeriodicalId":100581,"journal":{"name":"Geology Today","volume":"41 4","pages":"137-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gto.12519","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144725471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Geology TodayPub Date : 2025-07-30DOI: 10.1111/gto.12521
Jamie Pringle, Peter Doyle, Alastair Ruffell, Peter Styles, Matt Stringfellow, Nick Russill, Ian Stimpson, Kristopher Wisniewski, Nick Barton, Luis Rees-Hughes, Sam Carr, Rob Hunter, Joe Ainsworth, Christos Kyriakou, Luke Hobson
{"title":"Non-invasive detection and characterization of underground twentieth-century military complexes","authors":"Jamie Pringle, Peter Doyle, Alastair Ruffell, Peter Styles, Matt Stringfellow, Nick Russill, Ian Stimpson, Kristopher Wisniewski, Nick Barton, Luis Rees-Hughes, Sam Carr, Rob Hunter, Joe Ainsworth, Christos Kyriakou, Luke Hobson","doi":"10.1111/gto.12521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gto.12521","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recent events in conflict zones have shown that the successful detection and characterization of buried military complexes is vitally important for geoforensic investigators globally, to reduce or solve criminal activities, address national security threats and avoid potential terrorist attacks. However, this can often prove difficult, particularly in urban areas. Generally, desktop studies assess pre-existing information that then inform appropriate survey design and technique(s) selection. Survey results then produce accurate plans of subsurface targets, with numerical modelling and correction for above-ground infrastructure provide confidence in interpretations. All investigations are of course unique, and require individual phased investigative approaches to improve detection rates of such important buried targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":100581,"journal":{"name":"Geology Today","volume":"41 4","pages":"160-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gto.12521","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144725473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Geology TodayPub Date : 2025-06-03DOI: 10.1111/gto.12515
S. Kenneth Donovan
{"title":"Retro review: Directory of British Fossiliferous Localities","authors":"S. Kenneth Donovan","doi":"10.1111/gto.12515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gto.12515","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We all have books on the shelves of our personal libraries, not collecting dust, but regularly being pulled down and referred to despite their age. I have several that are still there and being used almost 50 years after I bought them, all wise investments, indeed. <i>Directory of British Fossiliferous Localities</i> is particularly cherished, capturing the flavour of geological fieldwork in a time now sadly lost.</p>","PeriodicalId":100581,"journal":{"name":"Geology Today","volume":"41 3","pages":"114-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Geology TodayPub Date : 2025-06-03DOI: 10.1111/gto.12514
Tony Waltham
{"title":"Geology and resources of diamonds","authors":"Tony Waltham","doi":"10.1111/gto.12514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gto.12514","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A brief review of diamond mining covers the succession of dominating resources, from India to South Africa, to elsewhere in Africa and then to Russia and Canada. Kimberlite pipes have come to be recognized as the explosive transporters of diamonds upwards from their high-pressure sources in the deep crust and upper mantle of Archaean cratons.</p>","PeriodicalId":100581,"journal":{"name":"Geology Today","volume":"41 3","pages":"103-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Geology TodayPub Date : 2025-06-03DOI: 10.1111/gto.12513
Kent Brooks
{"title":"Greenland: a treasure trove of natural resources?","authors":"Kent Brooks","doi":"10.1111/gto.12513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gto.12513","url":null,"abstract":"<p>President Trump's announcement of his desire to buy or annex Greenland—if necessary by military force—has projected this hitherto little-known territory into the international headlines. This article looks briefly at Greenland's widely quoted promise of hitherto untapped, but fabulously rich natural resources, examining America's history of land acquisition and its claim to Greenland. It provides a brief overview of the geography of Greenland, followed by its history and a description of geopolitical factors, before taking an overview of its possible exploitable mineral resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":100581,"journal":{"name":"Geology Today","volume":"41 3","pages":"95-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Geology TodayPub Date : 2025-06-03DOI: 10.1111/gto.12516
Joe Stembridge-King, Jack Thomas Rhodes Wilkin
{"title":"The lifestyle of Spinosaurus","authors":"Joe Stembridge-King, Jack Thomas Rhodes Wilkin","doi":"10.1111/gto.12516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gto.12516","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The mid-Cretaceous Kem Kem beds of Morocco contains an overabundance of giant theropod dinosaurs, including <i>Spinosaurus</i> and <i>Carcharodontosaurus—</i>both longer than <i>Tyrannosaurus</i>. Compared to modern and other Mesozoic continental ecosystems, in which herbivores represent most of the vertebrate biomass, predators are overrepresented in the mid-Cretaceous of North Africa. The reason is thought to be niche partitioning, with <i>Spinosaurus</i> being semi or perhaps even fully aquatic with other large theropods having a more traditional lifestyle. These conclusions are based on evidence from stable isotopes, skeletal anatomy and biomechanical studies which we will discuss in this article.</p>","PeriodicalId":100581,"journal":{"name":"Geology Today","volume":"41 3","pages":"118-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gto.12516","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Geology TodayPub Date : 2025-03-19DOI: 10.1111/gto.12507
Stephen K. Donovan
{"title":"The significance of traces and trace fossils: trails, burrows and borings","authors":"Stephen K. Donovan","doi":"10.1111/gto.12507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gto.12507","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Traces and trace fossils are the spoor of organisms, such as tracks, trails, burrows, borings and coprolites. They provide a unique suite of data for geology, including stratigraphy, sedimentology and palaeontology.</p>","PeriodicalId":100581,"journal":{"name":"Geology Today","volume":"41 2","pages":"56-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Geology TodayPub Date : 2025-03-19DOI: 10.1111/gto.12508
Stephen K. Donovan
{"title":"Club-shaped borings: Gastrochaenolites","authors":"Stephen K. Donovan","doi":"10.1111/gto.12508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gto.12508","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Borings are traces that can be transported easily within clasts and shells. One of the commonest recent borings around the British Isles is the club-shaped <i>Gastrochaenolites</i> Leymerie. In the Mesozoic and younger, <i>Gastrochaenolites</i> was commonly a boring of bivalves, sometimes preserved <i>in situ</i>, but it extends back to the Ordovician with no evidence of the producer.</p>","PeriodicalId":100581,"journal":{"name":"Geology Today","volume":"41 2","pages":"61-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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