Future Dental Journal最新文献

{"title":"Accuracy of artificial bone defects measurements on two cone beam computed tomography scanners. A comparative study","authors":"Gihan Omar ,&nbsp;Walaa Hamed ,&nbsp;Mostafa S. Ashmawy","doi":"10.1016/j.fdj.2018.05.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fdj.2018.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Several CBCT systems are currently on the market variable in their image quality and ability to visualize anatomic structures. Those systems differ from each other in detector design, patient scanning settings, and data reconstruction parameters. Moreover, other scanning and reconstruction factors including scan field of view (FOV), voxel size and the number of basis projections used for reconstruction have significant influence on image quality in CBCT. The aim of this study is to compare two CBCT systems regarding their linear measurements accuracy.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>Eighteen bone defects were created in one dry skull by using a round diamond bur mounted on a high speed hand piece. The defects were fully injected with polyvinyl siloxane impression. The skull was scanned using Planmeca ProMax 3D (Planmeca, Helsinki, Finland) and i-CAT next generation (Imaging Sciences international, Hatfield, PA, USA). Images were uploaded to a third party software (On Demand, Cyber med Inc. South Korea) for applying the measurements. Several measurements of each rubber impression material were done using the measurement tool on the cross sectional images in order to determine the maximum diameter. Then the impression material was removed carefully from the mandible by a dental probe and all the rubber balls were measured with a digital caliber to determine the actual maximum diameter (gold standard). Numerical collected data were explored for normality by checking the data distribution.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results of the present study showed that the overall measurements by Planmeca showed statistically significantly higher mean measurement than the standard reference while i-CAT measurements showed non-statistically significant difference from the standard reference at all areas and also regarding the overall measurement. Regarding the overall error measurement and error percentage; Planmeca showed statistically significantly higher mean error and error percentage than I-CAT.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>CBCT is highly accurate and reproducible in linear measurements in the axial and coronal image planes and in different areas of the maxillofacial region. According to the findings of the present study I-CAT is recommended when the purpose of the CBCT scan is to measure linear distances. This will result in lower patient radiation dose and faster scan time.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100562,"journal":{"name":"Future Dental Journal","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 141-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.fdj.2018.05.006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86146519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of bone augmentation using silica calcium phosphate nanocomposite (SCPC)versus hydroxyapatite in open sinus lift Surgeries(A Scanning Electron Microscope, Cone Beam Computerized Tomography and histological study)","authors":"Ahmed Abozekry ,&nbsp;Ragia Mounir ,&nbsp;Nadia Galal","doi":"10.1016/j.fdj.2018.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fdj.2018.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Maxillary sinus pneumatization and extraction of posterior maxillary teeth are among the most common factors attributing to the diminished alveolar process. Implants placed in posterior region of maxilla showed the highest failure rates due to poor bone density in addition to insufficient remaining bone volume needed for implant primary stability.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>Ten patients were selected from out patient clinic with partially or fully edentulous maxilla missing premolars or molars with residual alveolar bone height less than 6 mm, both groups received open sinus lift surgery with different grafting material group1 (control group) received hydroxyapatite (HA)in a disc form, group 2(Study group) received silica calcium phosphate nanocomposite (SCPC) in a disc form. Clinical evaluation, Cone Beam Computerized Tomography (CBCT) (Pre-operative, 0 &amp; 4 months postoperatively), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) (4 months postoperatively) and histological study (4 months postoperatively)were performed for both groups as follow-up following either stages of surgery.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>all patients had uneventful wound healing, and none experienced excessive postsurgical edema. Following surgical stage II (implant placement) all patients exhibited proper dental implant osseointegration, and all were properly restored by fixed prosthodontics. For radio graphical results the bone height and bone width showed statistically significant increase in both groups; The histopathological results of both groups revealed new bone formation in the histological sections attained from the core bone biopsies over 4 months postoperatively. While the analysis of the SEM images revealed that in the control group (HA), the new bone exhibited an irregular and porous appearance In the study group (SCPC), the bone appeared as a continuous plate with nearly homogenous surface.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>within the limitations of the present study, the present data support the fact that both HA and SCPC can be used, successfully, in sinus augmentation procedures. Moreover, the suggested technique in combination with grafts in the form of discs, and using piezoelectric surgical units are simpler and safer approaches to lateral sinus lift augmentation procedures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100562,"journal":{"name":"Future Dental Journal","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 112-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.fdj.2018.08.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89187403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of different restoration techniques and cavity designs on cuspal deflection of posterior teeth restored with resin composite inlays","authors":"Haidy N. Salem ,&nbsp;Sherif H. Elhefnawy ,&nbsp;Lamiaa M. Moharam","doi":"10.1016/j.fdj.2018.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fdj.2018.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different restoration techniques (immediate dentin sealing (IDS) restoration techniques) and cavity designs on the cuspal deflection of posterior teeth that were restored with resin composite inlays.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Sixty caries-free extracted maxillary premolars were selected and equally divided into two experimental groups. Group D1: MOD cavities were prepared. Group D2: MOD cavity with gingival steps. Each group was subdivided to three subgroups (n = 10) and restored as follows: inlay without IDS; inlay with IDS and adhesive system; inlay with IDS and adhesive system and low-viscosity resin. Cuspal deflection was measured with a micrometer. One-Way Analysis of Variance ANOVA was used to analyze the results.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Cavity design D1 showed the lowest cuspal deflection compared to cavity design D2. In group D1; Inaly without IDS showed the highest significant cuspal deflection (9.85 μm) followed by Inaly + IDS + Low viscosity resin (7.16 μm). The lowest value was obtained for Inaly + IDS group (4.76 μm) with significant difference between all tested restoration techniques. In group D2; Inaly without IDS showed the highest significant cuspal deflection (14.7 μm) followed by Inaly + IDS + Low viscosity resin (11.69 μm). The lowest value was obtained for Inaly + IDS (9.59 μm) with a significant difference between all tested restoration techniques.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>IDS and Protect Liner F allowed less cuspal deflection comparable with traditional technique. However, IDS restoration techniques did not decrease the cuspal deflection in case of more extensive loss of dental structure in the premolar teeth.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100562,"journal":{"name":"Future Dental Journal","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 146-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.fdj.2018.09.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82734351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of xylitol and sugar-free chewing gums on salivary bacterial count of streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli in a group of Egyptian school children of different ages: A randomized clinical trial","authors":"Dina Hisham Abdelwahab,&nbsp;Gehan Gaber Allam,&nbsp;Amr Mahmoud Abdel Aziz","doi":"10.1016/j.fdj.2018.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fdj.2018.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><p>The purpose of this randomized clinical trial was to compare the effect of xylitol containing and sugar free brands of chewing gum on the salivary Colony Forming Unit (CFU) count of streptococcus mutans (SM) and lactobacilli (LB) cariogenic organisms in a group of Egyptian school children of different ages.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>This pragmatic randomized controlled trial (parallel group design) was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>42 high caries risk children (DMFT/dmft/deft of 3 or more) were randomly allocated to either the xylitol or polyol group. Each main group was divided into three equal subgroups. Each subgroup comprised a block of seven children of the same age group as follows: Nursery group aging 3–6 years, junior primary school group aging 6–9 years and senior primary school group aging 9–12 years. Salivary analysis was carried out at baseline and after three weeks of daily gum chewing to all participating children by recording his/her stimulated salivary flow and salivary CFU counts of SM and LB bacteria.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Compared to polyol gum, xylitol gum showed lower SM CFU counts. LB CFU counts were not affected by either gum types. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two chewing gum groups in the different ages and regardless of age.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Xylitol gum is more effective in decreasing SM count in saliva compared to polyol gum wheras both sugarless chewing gums show similar effect on LB species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100562,"journal":{"name":"Future Dental Journal","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 216-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.fdj.2018.07.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78175610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the in vitro bioactivity of poly methyl methacrylate bone cement loaded with hydrated and anhydrous white Portland cement powder","authors":"Dalia Y. Zaki","doi":"10.1016/j.fdj.2018.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fdj.2018.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>In order to combine the advantages of bioactivity and low cost of Portland cement (PC) together with the fast setting and early high strength properties of Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA); this study was directed to prepare and investigate the in vitro bioactivity of PMMA/PC composites for use as a bone cement.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>Two PC concentrations (20 and 40 wt %) were used for the preparation of bone cement composites. Hydrated (PCH) and anhydrous (PCP) Portland cement powders were used as fillers to be added to commercially available PMMA bone cement. pH changes and ion release of PCP and PCH powder with time was recorded. The apatite forming ability of the prepared composite cement discs after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) were evaluated using environmental scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDAX).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>PCH powder revealed higher mean pH values compared to PCP powder. EDAX analysis revealed the precipitations of apatite on the tested specimens’ surfaces. The Ca/P molar ratio of precipitations was higher for PCP loaded samples.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Hydrated and anhydrous Portland cement powder could be used for poly methyl methacrylate bioactivation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100562,"journal":{"name":"Future Dental Journal","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 99-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.fdj.2018.11.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74295618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of dento-alveolar fracture in non-compliant and esthetically conscious adolescent: A case report","authors":"Muhammad Hasan Hameed,&nbsp;Robia Ghafoor,&nbsp;Sheikh Bilal Badar","doi":"10.1016/j.fdj.2018.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fdj.2018.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dento-alveolar trauma with avulsion is common in anterior maxillary region and these injuries are very challenging to manage in young adolescent because of dynamic state of the alveolar and dental development, occlusion and facial growth. The present case report reveals management of dento-alveolar trauma along with missing avulsed tooth and complicated crown fractures of adjacent teeth in esthetically conscious young adolescent with implant supported restoration. Patient was non-compliant and had parafunction which subjected the removable partial denture and resin bonded bridge to repeated failures. However, because of non-compliance, patient's occlusion and high esthetic demands, implant was considered as treatment option at early age which produced not only a functional and esthetic outcome but a satisfied patient as well.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100562,"journal":{"name":"Future Dental Journal","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 122-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.fdj.2018.09.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86053463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histologic and histomorphometric evaluation of lyophilized amniotic membrane in bone healing: An experimental study in rabbit's femur","authors":"Nesma Mohamed Khalil ,&nbsp;Lydia Nabil Fouad Melek","doi":"10.1016/j.fdj.2018.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fdj.2018.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Amniotic membrane has been widely used in regenerative medicine especially ophthalmology. It has many advantages including anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and antimicrobial properties. The purpose of the present work to study the effect of lyophilized human amniotic membrane on healing of bony defect in rabbits' femur. Eighteen male rabbits were used. Four mm wide and 5 mm deep defect was created in the femur diaphysis bilaterally in each rabbit. The defect of the right side was left empty (control), while the left side was filled with the amniotic membrane (study). Six rabbits were scarified at each of the experimental periods 2, 4 &amp; 6 weeks postoperatively. The defect areas were dissected out and evaluated histologically &amp; histomorphometrically. In the control group, at 2 weeks, woven bone spicules were seen extending from the periphery of the defect boundaries. At 4 weeks, the newly formed bone became more mature. At 6 weeks, the newly formed bone was more dense with newly formed osteons were seen. However, in the study group, the newly formed bone was much less in relation to the control group. Remnants of the amniotic membrane was seen folded at the center of the defect area surrounded by inflammatory cells. Histomorphometrically, the mean percentage of bone surface area in control group was higher than the study group in all experimental periods and the difference was statistically significant (p &lt; 0.001). It was concluded that: freeze dried amniotic membrane is not suitable to enhance bone healing when used as a filling material in bone defects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100562,"journal":{"name":"Future Dental Journal","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 205-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.fdj.2018.07.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91262064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of 15% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel on color of Class V resin composite restoration","authors":"Ahmed Z. Elhoshy ,&nbsp;Kariem Abouelenein ,&nbsp;Maha A. Elbaz","doi":"10.1016/j.fdj.2018.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fdj.2018.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate effect of 15% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel on color of Class V resin composite restoration.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>60 class V cavities were made in maxillary premolars Teeth were randomly divided into four groups of 15 specimens each (2 control and 2 experimental or bleached groups). Group A to be restored with light nanocomposite resin (Filtek Z350 XT) with no post-restoration bleaching procedure (control). Group B to be restored with light nanocomposite resin (Filtek Z350 XT, with post-restoration bleaching procedure (Experimental). Group C to be restored with microhybrid resin (Filtek 250 XT) with no post-restoration bleaching procedure (control). Group D to be restored with microhybrid resin (Filtek 250 XT), with post-restoration bleaching procedure (Experimental). The bleaching was made with 15% at home bleaching agent (Opalescence PF). Color, opacity and fluorescence were analyzed by taking digital photos for the specimens at baseline and 24 h after completion of the bleaching procedure. The color pattern was evaluated according to the CIE - L*, a* and b* color system. Bleaching according to the following equation (25) ΔE = [(ΔL) 2+(Δa) 2+(Δb) 2] 1/2 For optical analysis, the specimens were subjected to the color measurements on white and black patterns, considering only the L* coordinate, which was calculated according to the formula: Opacity = L*b/L*w, where L*b corresponds to the reading of the L* coordinate against a black background and L*w against a white background. This procedure was performed before after bleaching, and the difference in opacity between the two periods was calculated in percentage. While for fluorescence comparison, the Fluorescence parameter (FL) was calculated, at baseline and post bleaching procedure, as the difference in color (ΔE) depending on the inclusion or exclusion of the UV component according to the equation: FL = [(CIE L*100 – CIE L*0) 2 + (CIE a*100 – CIE a*0) 2 + (CIE b*100 – CIE b*0) 2] 1/2, where subscripts 100 and 0 denote the 100% UV-included and the UV-excluded conditions respectively. The recorded data for the tested materials' color, opacity and fluorescence were collected and statically analyzed with IBM^® SPSS^® statistical version 20 with the significance level set at P ≤ 0.05.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There was no statistically significantly different between the two materials before as well as after bleaching.</p><p>Conclusion: the color change of the nanofilled and microhybride light activated composite after bleaching (home-bleaching) was not perceptible or significant.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100562,"journal":{"name":"Future Dental Journal","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 239-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.fdj.2018.05.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91246785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of nano-hydroxyapatite silica gel and evaluation of its combined effect with Solcoseryl paste on bone formation: An experimental study in New Zealand rabbits","authors":"Dalia M. Abdel Hamid ,&nbsp;Safa F. Abdel El-Ghani ,&nbsp;Mohamed M. Khashaba","doi":"10.1016/j.fdj.2018.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fdj.2018.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Characterization of nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HAp) silica gel bone substitute and evaluation of its combined effect with Solcoseryl paste on bone formation experimentally in New Zealand rabbits.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>Characterization of the n-HAp silica gel granules (NanoBone^®, Artoss GmbH, German) was done by the SEM, EDX analysis and TEM. Simulated bone defect (10 × 5 × 1 mm) was constructed from metallic mold to standardize the amount of the grafting materials. Two defects (10 × 5 × 1 mm) were created in the parietal bones of 12 New Zealand White rabbits. The rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 rabbits/group (n = 6 defects/group). Group (C): The defects were left empty for natural bone healing (control group), group (S): The defects were filled with the pre-weighed Solcoseryl^® paste (Legacy Pharmaceuticals Switzerland GmbH, Switzerland), group (N): the defects were filled with the pre-weighed NanoBone and group (SN): the defects were filled with Solcoseryl paste/NanoBone mixture (1:1 by Vol. %). The rabbits were sacrified on day 14; the defects were removed, prepared for histological assessment and histomorphometric analysis. The amount of bone formation was statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Post-hoc test (p &lt; 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The SEM revealed the highly rough, porous n-HAp silica gel granules. The TEM revealed the interconnected porosities within the silica matrix and the platelet like shape of the n-HAp crystals. The Ca: P ratio of the n-HAp silica gel granules was 1.74. Histological evaluation revealed absence of new bone formation in group C while calcification in most of osteoid tissue areas was evident in all experimental groups with evident wide bone marrow cavities in S group. The NS group possessed the highest significant bone area percentage.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The interconnected porosities and the highly rough surface of n-HAp silica gel granules provided biomimetic bone substitute material that promotes new bone formation. Solcoseryl/NanoBone mixture (1:1 vol %) has a synergistic osteoinductive effect quantitatively and qualitatively on bone formation.</p></div><div><h3>Clinical significance</h3><p>Acceleration of post-operative bone healing in certain clinical cases where physiologic or pathologic conditions could impair the vascularization process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100562,"journal":{"name":"Future Dental Journal","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 279-287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.fdj.2018.05.007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87430590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraoral characterization of monolithic ceramics: The “Triple R” protocol","authors":"Amr S. EL-Etreby","doi":"10.1016/j.fdj.2018.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fdj.2018.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A successful life like dental ceramic restoration should be able to blend harmoniously with the adjacent natural teeth. This could be achieved by mimicking and duplicating the natural teeth color, translucency, as well as the surface characterization of natural teeth. Shade matching is an important and a difficult task in mimicking natural teeth that usually leads to unreliable and inconsistent results. Still, a small percent of human teeth shade cannot be matched by available commercial shade guides. The presence of a chair side CAD/CAM system in the dental office eliminates the presence of laboratory steps and hence saving time and cost, but at the same time it deprives the dental office from gaining benefit of the laboratory technician skills and expertise. Thus the clinician has to gain more knowledge and acquire more skills about how to finish, characterize and stain ceramic restorations. Clinicians are also required to develop methodologies that remain practical and enable them to deliver to their patients a successful life like ceramic restoration that blends harmoniously with the adjacent natural teeth. The “Triple R” protocol suggested by the author consists of three steps 1) Recognize 2) Record and 3) Replicate. This protocol identifies the most common color shapes and provides the clinician with guidelines that increase his ability to customize ceramic restorations intraorally. It also highlights the importance of extending the replication of tooth shade beyond the limitations of the present commercial shade guides.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100562,"journal":{"name":"Future Dental Journal","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 268-273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.fdj.2018.10.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75792989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}