Forage & Grazinglands最新文献_第9页

Poultry Litter and Its Chemical Equivalent Can Affect Ergot Alkaloid Concentrations in Tall Fescue 家禽粪便及其化学当量可影响高羊茅体内麦角生物碱的浓度

Forage & Grazinglands Pub Date : 2010-12-03 DOI: 10.1094/FG-2010-1203-01-RS

Wendi M. Rogers, Craig A. Roberts, Robert L. Kallenbach, George E. Rottinghaus, Nicholas S. Hill, William E. McClain, Dale G. Blevins

{"title":"Poultry Litter and Its Chemical Equivalent Can Affect Ergot Alkaloid Concentrations in Tall Fescue","authors":"Wendi M. Rogers, Craig A. Roberts, Robert L. Kallenbach, George E. Rottinghaus, Nicholas S. Hill, William E. McClain, Dale G. Blevins","doi":"10.1094/FG-2010-1203-01-RS","DOIUrl":"10.1094/FG-2010-1203-01-RS","url":null,"abstract":"Most pastures of tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh] host a fungal endophyte, Neotyphodium coenophialum [(Morgan-Jones and Gams) Glenn, Bacon, and Hanlin comb. nov.]. The common strain of this endophyte produces ergot alkaloids that cause fescue toxicosis. This research was conducted to determine if fertilizer rate and form (organic or inorganic) would affect ergot alkaloid concentrations in endophyte-infected tall fescue. Poultry litter rates of 0, 2, 4, and 8 tons/acre and equivalent rates of chemical N-P-K fertilizer were applied in 2003-2004. Plants were clipped in June 2004, 2005, and 2006, and herbage samples analyzed for ergot alkaloid concentrations. Total ergot alkaloid concentration was not affected by fertilizer form or rate. However, ergovaline was affected by both in 2004, as concentrations in poultry litter-treated tall fescue averaged 25% less than that in the chemical NPK fertilizer-treated tall fescue. Also, ergovaline concentrations were lowest in tall fescue receiving low rates of fertilizer in 2004 when concentrations were averaged across fertilizer forms. The effects of fertilizer form and rate in only the first year indicated the lack of a carryover effect of fertilizer application on alkaloid production. Producers may reduce toxin levels by using poultry litter instead of chemical fertilizer and by applying low rates.","PeriodicalId":100549,"journal":{"name":"Forage & Grazinglands","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129581006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Effects of Broiler Litter Application on Nutrient Accumulation in Soil 施用肉鸡窝产仔对土壤养分积累的影响

Forage & Grazinglands Pub Date : 2010-11-05 DOI: 10.1094/FG-2010-1105-01-RS

Rebecca A. Gilfillen, Naomi S. Rowland, William T. Willian, Byron B. Sleugh, Mehari Z. Tekeste, Karamat R. Sistani

{"title":"Effects of Broiler Litter Application on Nutrient Accumulation in Soil","authors":"Rebecca A. Gilfillen, Naomi S. Rowland, William T. Willian, Byron B. Sleugh, Mehari Z. Tekeste, Karamat R. Sistani","doi":"10.1094/FG-2010-1105-01-RS","DOIUrl":"10.1094/FG-2010-1105-01-RS","url":null,"abstract":"Excessive nutrient accumulation in soils due to land application of broiler litter is a growing environmental concern. A four-year study was conducted on a Pembroke silt loam soil (Mollic Paleudalf) cropped to orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerataL.) to evaluate accumulation of soil nutrients from broiler litter application. A randomized complete block design with four fertilization treatments was used. Broiler litter was applied at recommended nitrogen rate (L-N), recommended phosphorus rate (L-P), recommended phosphorus rate supplemented with inorganic nitrogen (L-P+N) and inorganic fertilizer with no litter application (Inorg). The L-P, L-P+N, and Inorg treatments did not cause an increase in soil nutrient accumulation while L-N increased soil phosphorus, copper, and zinc by five-fold compared to values at initiation of this experiment. Maximum and minimum orchardgrass yields were observed with L-N (18,019 kg/ha DM) and L-P treatments (7189 kg/ha DM). According to our findings, applying broiler litter at the recommended phosphorus rate and supplementing with inorganic nitrogen may be an environmentally sustainable broiler litter management practice.","PeriodicalId":100549,"journal":{"name":"Forage & Grazinglands","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1094/FG-2010-1105-01-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121357085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Effects of Fertilizing and Applying Herbicide on Yield, Quality and Expected Profitability of Native Grass 施肥和施用除草剂对乡土草产量、品质和预期收益的影响

Forage & Grazinglands Pub Date : 2010-10-15 DOI: 10.1094/FG-2010-1015-01-RS

Eddie R. Funderburg, Jon T. Biermacher

引用次数: 1

Soluble Carbohydrate Concentrations in Annual Cool-Season Forages Grown in the Southeastern USA 美国东南部冷季牧草中可溶性碳水化合物的浓度

Forage & Grazinglands Pub Date : 2010-10-14 DOI: 10.1094/FG-2010-1014-01-RS

Robert (Bob) O. Myer, Cheryl L. Mackowiak, Ann R. Blount, Ronald D. Barnett

引用次数: 2

Harvest Frequency and Stubble Height Affect Herbage Accumulation, Nutritive Value, and Persistence of ‘Mulato II’ Brachiariagrass 收获频率和残茬高度影响‘Mulato II’腕足草的牧草积累、营养价值和持久性

Forage & Grazinglands Pub Date : 2010-09-23 DOI: 10.1094/FG-2010-0923-01-RS

Uduak Inyang, Joao M. B. Vendramini, Brent Sellers, Maria L. A. Silveira, Areerat Lunpha, Lynn E. Sollenberger, Adegbola Adesogan, Luisa M. Paiva

{"title":"Harvest Frequency and Stubble Height Affect Herbage Accumulation, Nutritive Value, and Persistence of ‘Mulato II’ Brachiariagrass","authors":"Uduak Inyang, Joao M. B. Vendramini, Brent Sellers, Maria L. A. Silveira, Areerat Lunpha, Lynn E. Sollenberger, Adegbola Adesogan, Luisa M. Paiva","doi":"10.1094/FG-2010-0923-01-RS","DOIUrl":"10.1094/FG-2010-0923-01-RS","url":null,"abstract":"‘Mulato II’ (Brachiaria sp.) is a warm-season forage hybrid with superior nutritive value introduced in Florida in 2003. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of harvest frequencies and stubble heights on herbage accumulation (HA), nutritive value, and persistence of Mulato II brachiariagrass. The research was conducted in Ona, FL (27°N) from August to October 2007 and 2008. Treatments were the factorial combination of 2- and 4-week harvest frequencies and 1-, 3-, and 5-inch stubble heights with four replicates in a randomized complete block design. Plot size was 9.8 × 6.5 ft with 3.0 ft between plots. There was a quadratic decrease in HA from 1,800 to 1,400 lb/acre with increasing stubble heights. Conversely, herbage crude protein (CP) and in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM) increased linearly with decreasing stubble heights (from 17% to 14% and from 67% to 66% for CP and IVDOM, respectively). There were significant season effects on responses as HA decreased and nutritive value increased from September to November for both harvest frequencies. Mulato II ground cover linearly increased from 74% to 87% as stubble height increased from 1 to 5 inches. Despite greater HA and nutritive value, short stubble heights in combination with 2-week harvest interval decreased the persistence of Mulato II and should be avoided.","PeriodicalId":100549,"journal":{"name":"Forage & Grazinglands","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1094/FG-2010-0923-01-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130556711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Herbage Nutritive Value of Tall Fescue Fertilized with Broiler Litter and Inorganic Fertilizer 肉鸡窝产仔和无机肥对高羊茅牧草营养价值的影响

Forage & Grazinglands Pub Date : 2010-09-14 DOI: 10.1094/FG-2010-0914-01-RS

John J. Read, Glen E. Aiken, David J. Lang

{"title":"Herbage Nutritive Value of Tall Fescue Fertilized with Broiler Litter and Inorganic Fertilizer","authors":"John J. Read, Glen E. Aiken, David J. Lang","doi":"10.1094/FG-2010-0914-01-RS","DOIUrl":"10.1094/FG-2010-0914-01-RS","url":null,"abstract":"The nutrients in broiler litter can replace inorganic fertilizer additions, but must be managed to minimize soil nutrient build-up and off-site losses in the environment. Herbage dry matter (DM) and nutritive value were measured in tall fescue at litter rates of 0, 4.5, 9.0, 13.5, and 18.0 Mg/ha/year, as compared to inorganic fertilizer (INORG) that provided N, P2O5, and K2O (224-112-224 kg/ha/year), in soil with no litter history. The treatments were split-applied in autumn and spring, and forage was harvested at early-, mid-, and late-season. In general, nutritive value was greatest at early-season, based on low acid detergent fiber (ADF) and high in vitro true digestible DM (IVDDM). Herbage crude protein (CP) was similar in INORG and 9.0 Mg litter per ha at the early- and late-season harvests, with litter producing CP values of 105 to 125 g/kg. The litter effect was significant at late season in 2006, when CP increased approximately 42 g/kg, ADF decreased 35 g/kg, and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) decreased 30 g/kg. The use of 9.0 Mg litter per ha produced forage with reasonably high DM yield and nutritive value, but elevated soil P, Cu, and Zn, as compared to INORG and 4.5 Mg litter per ha. Herbage nutritive value was generally lower at 4.5 Mg litter per ha than INORG, but both fertilizer sources appeared to minimize potential risks to the environment when tall fescue was grown for hay.","PeriodicalId":100549,"journal":{"name":"Forage & Grazinglands","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122504559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Establishment of Forage Grasses and Legumes After Fall Herbicide Applications 牧草和豆科植物在秋季施用除草剂后的建立

Forage & Grazinglands Pub Date : 2010-08-06 DOI: 10.1094/FG-2010-0806-01-RS

Mark J. Renz

{"title":"Establishment of Forage Grasses and Legumes After Fall Herbicide Applications","authors":"Mark J. Renz","doi":"10.1094/FG-2010-0806-01-RS","DOIUrl":"10.1094/FG-2010-0806-01-RS","url":null,"abstract":"Research was conducted at two sites to measure the establishment and productivity of forage grasses and legumes in the spring and summer following a fall herbicide application. Establishment of orchardgrass and Italian ryegrass was reduced with metsulfuron at 0.042 kg ai/ha and imazapic at 0.21 kg ae/ha at one site, while aminopyralid at 0.087 to 0.122 kg ae/ha, metsulfuron, and imazapic reduced establishment of red clover, alfalfa, and white clover the following spring, 7 months after treatment. Delaying planting of legumes 11 months after treatment improved establishment of most treatments as reductions were documented only with clopyralid and aminopyralid treatments at one site. Forage productivity of grasses was not affected except with Italian ryegrass; however, spring planted red clover, alfalfa, and white clover biomass was reduced by > 86% with metsulfuron treatments compared to untreated plots. Reductions in yields of forage legumes from metsulfuron did not occur in late summer plantings. Results indicate that spring planting after fall herbicide application can result in reductions in establishment and productivity depending on the herbicide and forage species utilized.","PeriodicalId":100549,"journal":{"name":"Forage & Grazinglands","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1094/FG-2010-0806-01-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115008376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Yield, Forage Quality, and Mineral Content of Six Introduced Cool-Season Grass Species Grown for Hay in Eastern South Dakota 南达科他州东部6种引进的冷季牧草的产量、品质和矿物质含量

Forage & Grazinglands Pub Date : 2010-08-02 DOI: 10.1094/FG-2010-0802-01-RS

Alexander J. Smart, Vance N. Owens, Cody L. Wright

{"title":"Yield, Forage Quality, and Mineral Content of Six Introduced Cool-Season Grass Species Grown for Hay in Eastern South Dakota","authors":"Alexander J. Smart, Vance N. Owens, Cody L. Wright","doi":"10.1094/FG-2010-0802-01-RS","DOIUrl":"10.1094/FG-2010-0802-01-RS","url":null,"abstract":"Producers often learn about forage species grown in other regions and inquire about the performance and adaptability in their locale. The objective of this study was to determine yield, forage quality, and mineral concentration of six introduced cool-season grass species grown for hay in eastern South Dakota. We harvested grasses for hay on a common date in 2008 and 2009 using field scale plots and harvest techniques, and included species familiar (smooth bromegrass and intermediate wheatgrass) and unfamiliar (meadow bromegrass, hybrid bromegrass, orchardgrass, and timothy) to producers in the northeastern Great Plains. Orchardgrass and timothy, commonly grown further east, produced less than the other grasses. Forage quality and mineral concentration tended to be superior for orchardgrass because it was observed to be less mature than the other species. Calcium, phosphorus, and sulfur were similar to previous research for cool-season grasses and would meet the nutrient requirements of gestating and lactating beef cattle. Magnesium, copper, and zinc may be too low to meet requirements of beef cattle, especially if in lactation. In this region, we demonstrated that meadow bromegrass and hybrid bromegrass grown for hay in the northeastern Great Plains were equal to intermediate wheatgrass and smooth bromegrass in yield, quality, and mineral concentration.","PeriodicalId":100549,"journal":{"name":"Forage & Grazinglands","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1094/FG-2010-0802-01-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115146686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Increased Teff Seeding Rates in the Northeast Region of the United States Increases Forage Yield 美国东北地区苔麸播种率的提高提高了饲料产量

Forage & Grazinglands Pub Date : 2010-08-02 DOI: 10.1094/FG-2010-0802-01-RR

Marvin H. Hall, Jerome H. Cherney

引用次数: 0

Managing Harvest of ‘Tifton 85’ Bermudagrass for Production and Nutritive Value “蒂夫顿85”百慕大草的生产和营养价值管理

Forage & Grazinglands Pub Date : 2010-08-02 DOI: 10.1094/FG-2010-0802-02-RS

Jose A. Clavijo Michelangeli, Yoana C. Newman, Lynn E. Sollenberger, Charles Staples, Leonardo E. Ortega, Mary C. Christman

{"title":"Managing Harvest of ‘Tifton 85’ Bermudagrass for Production and Nutritive Value","authors":"Jose A. Clavijo Michelangeli, Yoana C. Newman, Lynn E. Sollenberger, Charles Staples, Leonardo E. Ortega, Mary C. Christman","doi":"10.1094/FG-2010-0802-02-RS","DOIUrl":"10.1094/FG-2010-0802-02-RS","url":null,"abstract":"Harvest management is critical in hay or greenchop systems to sustain high yields of superior nutritive value. ‘Tifton 85’ bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensisBurtt Davy] is a high-quality, high-yielding, warm-season perennial grass that dairy producers are using as hay, haylage, and/or pasture. Morphological features of this plant compared to other grasses used in the region suggest the adoption of a more conservative harvest stubble may be needed. During 2007 and 2008, different harvest intervals (21, 24, 27, and 35 days) and stubble heights (3 and 6 inches) were compared using established Tifton 85 bermudagrass fields. Results suggest that highest yields occur with larger interval between harvests (35 days) and when shorter stubble heights (3 inches) are used. Nevertheless, shorter stubble heights (3 inches) were associated with greater weed encroachment and are generally not recommended. Data show that greater nutritive value can be achieved with defoliation at 24- to 27-day intervals to a 6-inch stubble.","PeriodicalId":100549,"journal":{"name":"Forage & Grazinglands","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1094/FG-2010-0802-02-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127355938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15