FirePhysChem最新文献_第7页

Mechanical and thermophysical properties of energetic crystals: evaluation methods and recent achievements 高能晶体的力学和热物理性质：评价方法和最新成果

FirePhysChem Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fpc.2022.10.004

Justin Darku Quansah, Xuexue Zhang, Qazi Wasiullah, Qilong Yan

{"title":"Mechanical and thermophysical properties of energetic crystals: evaluation methods and recent achievements","authors":"Justin Darku Quansah, Xuexue Zhang, Qazi Wasiullah, Qilong Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.fpc.2022.10.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpc.2022.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The mechanical properties of energetic crystals (ECs) are relevant to the safety and performance of ammunitions and propellants. Several experimental and theoretical investigations have been conducted on different ECs to study their mechanical properties and effects on sensitivity and stability. Using evaluation methods such as nanoindentation, Raman spectroscopy, and molecular dynamic simulations, a significant amount of helpful information on this topic has emerged, some of which are summarized herein. The overall safety and performance of energetic materials depend on the properties of the energetic crystalline ingredients. Properties such as the thermostability and sensitivity of such crystals have been greatly improved using methods such as cocrystallization, recrystallization, coating, and intercalation. The overall strength and, thus, the safety of formulations largely depend on the quality and mechanical strength of included ECs. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the mechanical strengths of the modified ECs. This review also summarizes various theoretical and experimental methods to study the mechanical properties of pure ECs. As a proposal, additional research on the mechanical strength of modified hybrid ECs with improved energy density and sensitivity is necessary to ascribe the inherent mechanisms.</div>","PeriodicalId":100531,"journal":{"name":"FirePhysChem","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 234-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50194809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Energetic materials for propulsion applications 用于推进应用的高能材料

FirePhysChem Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fpc.2023.05.005

Djalal Trache , Luigi T. DeLuca

引用次数: 0

Synthesis and oxidation chemistry of highly energetic boron/aluminum/magnesium composites 高能硼/铝/镁复合材料的合成及氧化化学

FirePhysChem Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fpc.2023.03.001

Prawal P.K. Agarwal, Themis Matsoukas

{"title":"Synthesis and oxidation chemistry of highly energetic boron/aluminum/magnesium composites","authors":"Prawal P.K. Agarwal, Themis Matsoukas","doi":"10.1016/j.fpc.2023.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpc.2023.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The limited use of boron (B) in energetic applications is due to the presence of a native oxide layer on its surface, which acts as a thermodynamic barrier and adds to the dead weight that does not contribute to the oxidation energy release. To extract maximum energy from B oxidation, its native oxide must be chemically reduced or modified. In this paper, we report the synthesis of a new energetic material via solid-state reactions, a composite of boron (B), aluminum (Al), and magnesium (Mg), which we call BAM. We use Al and Mg to induce cyclic thermite reactions in parallel to metal oxidation: Al and Mg reduce B2O3 to form B and oxides of Al and Mg, while Mg reduces Al2O3 to form MgO along with Al, which further reduces B2O3. The result is a material that registers higher energy release than its constituents. Specifically, BAM composites show enhanced gravimetric heat release by 40% and improved oxidation by 25% than B alone under identical conditions. The sequence and synergy of oxidation and thermite reactions are illustrated by integrating XRD with thermal analysis in the air for different exothermic peaks and temperature stages. The results demonstrate that the proper selection of metallic additives can enhance the oxidation and energetic performance of B.</div>","PeriodicalId":100531,"journal":{"name":"FirePhysChem","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 173-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50194326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Thermal decomposition kinetics and combustion performance of paraffin-based fuel in the presence of CeO2 catalyst CeO2催化剂存在下石蜡基燃料的热分解动力学和燃烧性能

FirePhysChem Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fpc.2022.10.005

Yash Pal , Sri Nithya Mahottamananda , Subha S , Sasi Kiran Palateerdham , Antonella Ingenito

{"title":"Thermal decomposition kinetics and combustion performance of paraffin-based fuel in the presence of CeO2 catalyst","authors":"Yash Pal , Sri Nithya Mahottamananda , Subha S , Sasi Kiran Palateerdham , Antonella Ingenito","doi":"10.1016/j.fpc.2022.10.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpc.2022.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div>In recent years, significant developments have been made in solid-fuel combustion. Paraffin-based fuels could be a potential solid fuel for hybrid and ramjet applications due to their high regression rate, low cost, and minimal environmental impact. This study examines the thermal and combustion performance of paraffin-based fuels loaded with CeO2 combustion catalysts and Al additive. A typical melt-cast technique was used to prepare three different fuel formulations, which are paraffin/10 wt.% of Al (S2), paraffin/10 wt.% of CeO2 (S3), and CeO2-Al (10:10 wt.%) binary composite (S4). The pure paraffin (S1) fuel was manufactured as a reference formulation. The CeO2-Al binary composite powder was prepared by ball-milling of CeO2 and Al powders. The CeO2 and Al nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size distribution (PSD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The PSD study revealed that the majority of CeO2, Al, and CeO2-Al binary composite particles are 29 nm, 34 nm, and 26 nm in size, respectively. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to investigate the effect of CeO2 and Al on the thermal decomposition of paraffin. The results indicate that the paraffin decomposes faster and at a higher rate when CeO2 and CeO2-Al binary composite additives were added. The activation energy of paraffin-based fuel (S4) was reduced from 254 kJ/mol to 214 kJ/mol when a CeO2-Al combustion catalyst was added. The lab-scale ballistic tests showed that the average regression rate of paraffin-Al (S2) and paraffin-CeO2(S3) samples increased in the range of 1.1-1.4 mm/s and 1.12-1.38 mm/s, respectively, whereas, with the CeO2-Al binary composite (S4) sample, a reasonable improvement of 1.15 mm/s to 1.49 mm/s was reported.</div>","PeriodicalId":100531,"journal":{"name":"FirePhysChem","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 217-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50194331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Effect of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) on the performance of Solid Rocket Propellants (SRPs): A short review 碳纳米管对固体火箭推进剂性能的影响

FirePhysChem Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fpc.2023.05.003

Weiqiang Pang , Xu Xia , Yu Zhao , Luigi T. DeLuca , Djalal Trache , Dihua OuYang , Saiqin Meng , Xiaogang Liu , Hongjian Yu

{"title":"Effect of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) on the performance of Solid Rocket Propellants (SRPs): A short review","authors":"Weiqiang Pang , Xu Xia , Yu Zhao , Luigi T. DeLuca , Djalal Trache , Dihua OuYang , Saiqin Meng , Xiaogang Liu , Hongjian Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.fpc.2023.05.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpc.2023.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Burning rate catalysts (BRCs) are usually utilized to adjust the burning rates of solid rocket propellants (SRPs). Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), for their unique structure and properties, have been studied by several researchers worldwide with a wide range of applications. In this paper, several worthy CNTs-based materials and effects are described. Specifically, the influence of CNTs on the thermal behavior of energetic materials (EMs) are discussed, and we investigated the impact of CNTs/metal (metal oxide, MO) composites on the thermal degradation of EMs. Applications for SRPs and solid rocket nozzle motors might benefit from a focus on the examination of the burning rate, pressure exponent characteristics, and hazardous aspects. It was discovered that CNTs, as opposed to the comparable micro-sized additives, can modify the combustion behavior and speed up the burning of SRPs. Lastly, the difficulties encountered in implementing some of these applications are also examined in terms of manufacturing, processing, pricing, and potential future uses.</div>","PeriodicalId":100531,"journal":{"name":"FirePhysChem","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 227-233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50194332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Agglomeration of particles stored in a box 储存在盒子里的颗粒聚集

FirePhysChem Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fpc.2023.03.007

Dieter Vollath

{"title":"Agglomeration of particles stored in a box","authors":"Dieter Vollath","doi":"10.1016/j.fpc.2023.03.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpc.2023.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Metallic nanoparticles are an essential part of advanced rocket fuels. Because of difficulties caused by hard ignition, incomplete reaction, and large size of combustion residues metallic particles with conventional particle sizes are unfavorable. However, the application of nanosized metallic particles does not show these disadvantages, in contrast, the application of nanosized metallic particles increases burning rates and reduces the two-phase specific impulse losses associated with solid combustion residues. On the other side, nanosized metallic particles are problematic, too. Nanoparticles, especially metallic ones, have a tendency to agglomerate. The formation of agglomerates leads to a reduction of the total surface of the particles and, therefore, to a reduction of the surface energy. This paper is limited to the process of agglomeration. As agglomeration is a random process, meaningful results are possible only using statistical methods. For this paper, a model with random selection of the particles based on Markow chains was applied. To evaluate the stability of the agglomerated product, the entropy was calculated. The results show that, with increasing agglomeration, the entropy increases exponentially. The thermodynamically better criterion is the free enthalpy; however, in lack of adequate materials data, this criterion could not be applied. Therefore, in general, the consideration presented in this paper are not specific for the addition of a specific metal.</div>","PeriodicalId":100531,"journal":{"name":"FirePhysChem","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 275-280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50194325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Atomic insights into the thermal decomposition mechanism and cluster growth law of nanoscale HMX and LLM-126 mixture: A ReaxFF-lg molecular dynamics study 原子对纳米级HMX和LLM-126混合物热分解机制和团簇生长规律的见解：ReaxFF-lg分子动力学研究

FirePhysChem Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fpc.2023.04.001

Jianbo Fu, Mi Zhang, Kezheng Gao, Hui Ren

{"title":"Atomic insights into the thermal decomposition mechanism and cluster growth law of nanoscale HMX and LLM-126 mixture: A ReaxFF-lg molecular dynamics study","authors":"Jianbo Fu, Mi Zhang, Kezheng Gao, Hui Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.fpc.2023.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpc.2023.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div>In this paper, the thermal decomposition process and cluster growth law of the HMX/LLM-126 nanoscale mixture system were studied by ReaxFF-lg combined with DFT, and the thermostability of the mixture system with a molar ratio of 1:1 was investigated. The results show that clusters can be formed between HMX and LLM-126 in the mixture system, which effectively delays the cracking speed of the HMX structure. Meanwhile, NO2 generated from the initial decomposition of HMX will accelerate the denitration process of LLM-126. The decomposition process of HMX is mainly a continuous denitration until the structural ring-opening disintegration, the initial decomposition step is C4H8O8N8 => C4H8O6N7 + NO2. In contrast, the initial decomposition of LLM-126 is dominated by intramolecular hydrogen transfer reactions and the generation of dimer clusters, followed by the detachment of nitro and bitter amino groups, and finally the cleavage of the pyridine ring. The intramolecular hydrogen transfer process of LLM-126 is the transfer of H on -NH- to the adjacent nitro group. After LLM-126 was added to the HMX system, the oxygen balance of the system increased, and the N content, exothermic rate, and the number of final products decreased significantly compared with the HMX pure component system. Also, the number of clusters generated, and the maximum cluster weight increased significantly. These phenomena are important reasons for the improved thermostability of the mixture system compared to the pure HMX system. This work can provide a theoretical basis for the design and application of nanoscale high-energy thermostable mixed explosives.</div>","PeriodicalId":100531,"journal":{"name":"FirePhysChem","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 263-274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50194324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Facile synthesis of fluorinated graphene for surface self-assembly of aluminum hydride 用于氢化铝表面自组装的氟化石墨烯的简易合成

FirePhysChem Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fpc.2023.04.006

Jian Gu , Xiang Guo , Wentao Xia , Panpan Peng , Fang Du , Lei Li

{"title":"Facile synthesis of fluorinated graphene for surface self-assembly of aluminum hydride","authors":"Jian Gu , Xiang Guo , Wentao Xia , Panpan Peng , Fang Du , Lei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fpc.2023.04.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpc.2023.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div>A facile method, refluxing with hydrothermal process, was used to synthesize the fluorinated graphene sheets (FGS) with high F/C ratio. Then, the surface of aluminum hydride (AlH3) was coated with FGS by means of liquid self-assembly process. The structure and performance of FGS were characterized through fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and elemental analyzer. FTIR spectra show that the FGS have obvious absorption peak of C<img>F bond. Raman spectra display many defects on FGS. XPS spectra and elemental analysis also prove the existence of C<img>F bond, and the content of fluorine is more than 25%. From SEM photos we can see that FGS have thin layers with some curled wrinkles. TEM photos demonstrate intuitively the FGS has a few layers. At last, the aluminum hydride (AlH3) was coated with FGS by means of liquid self-assembly process, and AlH3 samples before and after treated were characterized through hydrogen content (H%) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR, SEM and differential thermal analysis (DTA), ect. The results demonstrate that there is only a little FGS on the surface of AlH3, which won't affect the effective H% and release efficiency of hydrogen. AlH3@FGS also reduces the mechanical sensitivity of solid propellant with AlH3, which will remarkably promote the application of AlH3 in the novel high-energy solid propellant.</div>","PeriodicalId":100531,"journal":{"name":"FirePhysChem","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 201-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50194329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Energy transferred to energetic materials during impact test at reaction threshold: Look back to go forward 在反应阈值下的冲击试验中，能量转移到高能材料：回顾过去

FirePhysChem Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fpc.2022.11.003

K.A. Monogarov , D.B. Meerov , I.V. Fomenkov , A.N. Pivkina

{"title":"Energy transferred to energetic materials during impact test at reaction threshold: Look back to go forward","authors":"K.A. Monogarov , D.B. Meerov , I.V. Fomenkov , A.N. Pivkina","doi":"10.1016/j.fpc.2022.11.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpc.2022.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Impact sensitivity of energetic material is considered to be not an intrinsic property of the compound, but to depend on multiple variables, including, in addition to chemical nature of the substance, both the powder and the instrument-depending factors. Therefore, the comparison of the sensitivity data obtained using different impact machines and measurement protocols, and even by the same ones but in the different laboratories is difficult. Based on the works carried out almost 90 years ago, we propose a relatively simple but versatile technique using the modified standard fallhammer to measure the drop weight speed in downward and upward directions. The combination of the tests without sample and with sample of energetic material (both for the “triggered” and “not-triggered” cases) allows obtaining the energy transferred to and absorbed by the sample at the weight-height load, corresponding to the reaction threshold. An energy balance during the impact event is calculated to show the importance and the maintenance-dependency of the energy losses stored in test machine, and to illustrate the difference between the full energy value and the actual energy absorbed by the sample. One of the outputs of the suggested procedure are the values of energy absorbed by the sample at reaction threshold. These values are obtained in the course of standard testing protocol, in addition to the nominal drop energy value, corresponding to 50% probability of the reaction initiation. The suggested “real” energy values represent more relevant measure of mechanical hazard than usually reported nominal drop energy values.</div>","PeriodicalId":100531,"journal":{"name":"FirePhysChem","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 255-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50194810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A short review of challenges and prospects of boron-laden solid fuels for ramjet applications 冲压发动机应用含硼固体燃料的挑战和前景综述

FirePhysChem Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fpc.2023.06.001

Saugata Mandal , Syed Alay Hashim , Arnab Roy , Srinibas Karmakar

{"title":"A short review of challenges and prospects of boron-laden solid fuels for ramjet applications","authors":"Saugata Mandal , Syed Alay Hashim , Arnab Roy , Srinibas Karmakar","doi":"10.1016/j.fpc.2023.06.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpc.2023.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div>This short review article explores the advancement, challenges, and prospects of boron-laden solid fuel for ramjet. The energetic aspect of boron combustion is well known, but the complications associated with its efficient combustion persist and must be overcome to harness its potential completely. The strategies like coating, adding additives, and utilizing boron nanoparticles, which may improve its combustion performance, are widely studied. The latest development in advanced rocket propulsion systems, i.e., using a hybrid fuel-based gas generator for ducted rockets or air augmentation of hybrid rockets, seems a feasible idea; as it can provide two-stage combustion, which may significantly promote and improve the combustion performance of boron hence the specific impulse. Since it utilizes hybrid fuel, it retains its advantages of it as well as its drawbacks. To mitigate these drawbacks, various strategies/suggestions are briefly discussed here. A fundamental aspect of boron combustion must be fully understood and addressed for its applications in advanced propulsion systems.</div>","PeriodicalId":100531,"journal":{"name":"FirePhysChem","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 179-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50194328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0