FirePhysChem最新文献

A green and environmentally friendly nitrocellulose/ethyl cellulose aqueous coating for enhancing the progressive combustion of gun propellants 一种绿色环保的硝基纤维素/乙基纤维素水性涂料，用于增强火炮推进剂的渐进燃烧

IF 5.1

FirePhysChem Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.fpc.2025.10.001

Menghe Jiang, Zhiyong Hu, Peng Zhang, Qi Yang, Yafei Wang, Yajun Ding, Zhongliang Xiao

{"title":"A green and environmentally friendly nitrocellulose/ethyl cellulose aqueous coating for enhancing the progressive combustion of gun propellants","authors":"Menghe Jiang, Zhiyong Hu, Peng Zhang, Qi Yang, Yafei Wang, Yajun Ding, Zhongliang Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.fpc.2025.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fpc.2025.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study successfully developed a novel energetic coated seven-hole gun propellant using an environmentally friendly aqueous coating system based on nitrocellulose/ethyl cellulose (NC/EC), combined with fluidized bed coating technology. The effects of coating process conditions on the coating structure and integrity of the propellant were systematically investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses confirmed a tightly bonded interfacial structure between the coating and the base gun propellant, along with Grade 1 compatibility. When the optimal conditions of 8% solid content and a 5% mass growth rate, the sample exhibited the lowest dynamic vivacity (<em>L</em>) during the initial combustion stage, while its <em>B</em><sub>m</sub> increased to 0.53, <em>L</em><sub>m</sub> rose to 2.73 MPa⁻¹·s⁻¹, the dynamic vivacity difference (Δ<em>L</em>) reached 0.77 MPa⁻¹·s⁻¹, and the progressive combustion characteristic parameter (<em>A</em><sub>L-B</sub>) improved to 0.93 MPa⁻¹·s⁻¹. Additionally, accelerated aging tests demonstrated excellent storage stability, with <em>L</em><sub>m</sub> values remaining consistently between 2.73 MPa⁻¹·s⁻¹ and 2.82 MPa⁻¹·s⁻¹, indicating only minor fluctuations. The developed energetic aqueous coating system shows great promise and offers valuable guidance for the development of green coating materials in propellant applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100531,"journal":{"name":"FirePhysChem","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 413-423"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148666733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Salts of 3-nitro-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one with ammonia, hydrazine and hydroxylamine: Synthesis, spectral properties, crystal structure, and thermal decomposition processes 3-硝基-4,5-二氢-1,2,4-三唑-5-一与氨、肼和羟胺的盐类：合成、光谱性质、晶体结构和热分解过程

IF 5.1

FirePhysChem Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.fpc.2025.09.006

Aleksandr V. Stankevich, Danil S. Yachevskii, Vera I. Filyakova, Gennady L. Rusinov, Irina V. Chemagina

{"title":"Salts of 3-nitro-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one with ammonia, hydrazine and hydroxylamine: Synthesis, spectral properties, crystal structure, and thermal decomposition processes","authors":"Aleksandr V. Stankevich, Danil S. Yachevskii, Vera I. Filyakova, Gennady L. Rusinov, Irina V. Chemagina","doi":"10.1016/j.fpc.2025.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fpc.2025.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Salts of 3-nitro-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one (NTO) with ammonia, hydrazine and hydroxylamine were synthesized. Their structures, spectral properties, chemical resistance, and thermal stability were studied. The molecular structure and crystal structures of the powder salts were determined by a combination of methods of powder X-ray diffraction, Raman and IR-Fourier spectroscopy. Thermodynamic calculations of explosive-energy characteristics were performed. Based on the results of DTA, TGA, and IR-Fourier measurements using isoconversion data processing methods, the mechanism of thermal decomposition of NTO based salts was studied and data on the kinetics of their decomposition in slow and fast processes was obtained. A comparative analysis of the properties of NTO and its salts with ammonia, hydrazine and hydroxylamine was carried out. The energy contribution of the salt cations to the NTO molecules in crystals during their thermal decomposition was revealed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100531,"journal":{"name":"FirePhysChem","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 390-405"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148666731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thermal decomposition kinetics of the synthesis of Dinitroglycoluril 合成二硝基乙二醇的热分解动力学

IF 5.1

FirePhysChem Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.fpc.2025.10.004

Sha Bai, Dan He, Jingjing Zhao, Luting Wang, Lizhen Chen, Jianlong Wang

{"title":"Thermal decomposition kinetics of the synthesis of Dinitroglycoluril","authors":"Sha Bai, Dan He, Jingjing Zhao, Luting Wang, Lizhen Chen, Jianlong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fpc.2025.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fpc.2025.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dinitroglycoluril (DNGU), as an energetic material with excellent insensitivity, low vulnerability, and high thermal stability, has been partially used as a substitute for RDX in Hexolit mixed explosives since its industrial production in the 1970s. However, systematic research on the thermal decomposition performance of DNGU is still blank, which seriously restricts its safety assessment and process optimization in production, transportation, storage, and use. This study systematically characterized the thermal performance of DNGU using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and accelerated calorimetry (ARC). Key thermodynamic parameters such as decomposition activation energy (<em>E</em> = 209.88 kJ/mol), pre exponential factor (<em>A</em> = 2.82 × 10<sup>20</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>), activation entropy (Δ<em>S</em><sup>≠</sup> = 142.07 J/(mol·K)), activation enthalpy (Δ<em>H</em><sup>≠</sup> = 206.55 kJ/mol), activation Gibbs free energy (Δ<em>G</em><sup>≠</sup> = 133.70 kJ/mol), and critical temperature for thermal explosion (<em>T</em><sub>b</sub> = 250.45 °C) were obtained through DSC testing. Based on ARC test data, a thermal decomposition kinetics model (n-order reaction model, <em>n</em> = 2) Through Hirshfeld surface analysis, it was found that the proportion of O···H interactions in DNGU crystals is as high as 49.50%, and the three-dimensional hydrogen bonding network formed by it, together with the total interaction energy of -193 kJ/mol, constitutes the structural basis for the high thermal stability of DNGU. This study reveals the stability of DNGU from thermodynamics and Hirsfeld surface, providing basic data for the industrial use of DNGU.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100531,"journal":{"name":"FirePhysChem","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 435-442"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148666761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of ignition performance and ignition enhancement strategies for gradiently denitrated spherical gun propellant 梯度脱硝球形火炮推进剂点火性能评价及点火增强策略

IF 5.1

FirePhysChem Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.fpc.2025.09.004

Hao Huang, Gang Wu, Qi Yang, Chunlin Chen, Shiying Li, Yajun Ding

{"title":"Evaluation of ignition performance and ignition enhancement strategies for gradiently denitrated spherical gun propellant","authors":"Hao Huang, Gang Wu, Qi Yang, Chunlin Chen, Shiying Li, Yajun Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.fpc.2025.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fpc.2025.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Currently, gradiently denitrated spherical gun propellant (GDSP) has attracted significant attention due to its superior combustion progressivity and low muzzle smoke, demonstrating considerable application potential. However, inherent deficiencies in its ignition performance restrict further development. Utilizing experimental data from closed vessel testing, this study established a novel quantitative method for evaluating ignition performance through the extraction of key parameters such as ignition delay time (<em>t</em><sub>ign</sub>). We systematically investigated the influence of denitration process variables (time, temperature, concentration) on the energy level, combustion performance, and ignition performance of GDSP. Furthermore, the regulatory effects of two modification strategies, zinc oxide (ZnO) loading and potassium nitrate (KNO₃) coating, on ignition performance were evaluated. The experiments demonstrated that denitration reduced surface-layer nitrogen content, decreasing the heat of explosion (<em>Q</em><sub>v</sub>) by up to 21.90% (90 °C treatment) with significant energy density reduction. High-concentration ZnO loading was found to improve ignition performance by 0.82% while maintaining combustion progressivity, whereas KNO<sub>3</sub> coating enhanced ignition performance by 7.72% but compromised combustion progressivity. The established <em>t</em><sub>ign</sub> prediction model (<em>t</em><sub>ign</sub> = −0.0024<em>Q</em><sub>v</sub> + 11.4902, <em>R<sup>2</sup></em> > 0.97, MSE = 0.0116) quantitatively validated the significant negative correlation between <em>t</em><sub>ign</sub> and <em>Q</em><sub>v</sub>. This work establishes a reliable ignition performance evaluation methodology and proposes two modification strategies for optimizing GDSP ignition performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100531,"journal":{"name":"FirePhysChem","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 377-389"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148666784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A symmetrical nitrogen-rich tetrazole compound with low sensitivity and high gas output for double-base propellants 一种对称的富氮四氮化合物，具有低灵敏度和高气体输出，用于双碱推进剂

IF 5.1

FirePhysChem Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.fpc.2025.09.007

Zheming Zhang, Jing Liu, Changyong Mao, Yaqun Dong, Miao Li, Mingjie Tang, Yuji Liu, Guangbin Cheng, Wei Huang, Yongxing Tang

{"title":"A symmetrical nitrogen-rich tetrazole compound with low sensitivity and high gas output for double-base propellants","authors":"Zheming Zhang, Jing Liu, Changyong Mao, Yaqun Dong, Miao Li, Mingjie Tang, Yuji Liu, Guangbin Cheng, Wei Huang, Yongxing Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.fpc.2025.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fpc.2025.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a streamlined synthetic methodology for the construction of a tetrazole-based symmetrical nitrogen-rich compound, specifically <em>N,N</em>-bis((1<em>H</em>-tetrazol-5-yl)methyl)-1-((2<em>H</em>-tetrazol-5-yl)methyl)amine (<strong>3</strong>). The target compound was successfully synthesized through a cyclization reaction between 2,2′,2′'-nitrilotriacetonitrile and sodium azide (NaN₃) under optimized reaction conditions. The molecular structure was elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, corroborated with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Compound <strong>3</strong> exhibits good thermal stability, with an initial decomposition temperature of 227 °C—remarkably high among nitrogen-rich analogues. It shows good detonation performances (<em>D</em> = 7844 m/s, <em>P</em> = 20.6 GPa), while maintaining favorable safety characteristics (impact sensitivity > 40 J; friction sensitivity > 360 N). When incorporated as a gas-generating additive in double-base propellants, it markedly enhances both gas output and sensitivity control compared to baseline formulations. The compatibility of compound <strong>3</strong> with conventional solid propellant constituents—including nitrocellulose (NC) and other key components—was assessed via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to analyze thermal decomposition behavior. Experimental results indicate that the novel formulation enhances gas production by approximately 30 L/kg while maintaining a specific impulse comparable to baseline formulations. This synergistic combination of high compatibility, elevated gas yield, and preserved energy efficiency underscores its significant promise as a next-generation additive for advanced solid propellant systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100531,"journal":{"name":"FirePhysChem","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 406-412"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148666732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Frontiers and prospects of supercritical carbon dioxide in energetic materials: A review 超临界二氧化碳在含能材料中的研究进展与展望

IF 5.1

FirePhysChem Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.fpc.2025.11.003

Shuai Wang, Bojun Tan, Jinkang Dou, Min Gao, Ning Liu

引用次数: 0

Thermal decomposition kinetics of the synthesis of Dinitroglycoluril 合成二硝基乙二醇的热分解动力学

IF 5.1

FirePhysChem Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.fpc.2025.10.004

Sha Bai, Dan He, Jingjing Zhao, Luting Wang, Lizhen Chen, Jianlong Wang

{"title":"Thermal decomposition kinetics of the synthesis of Dinitroglycoluril","authors":"Sha Bai, Dan He, Jingjing Zhao, Luting Wang, Lizhen Chen, Jianlong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fpc.2025.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fpc.2025.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dinitroglycoluril (DNGU), as an energetic material with excellent insensitivity, low vulnerability, and high thermal stability, has been partially used as a substitute for RDX in Hexolit mixed explosives since its industrial production in the 1970s. However, systematic research on the thermal decomposition performance of DNGU is still blank, which seriously restricts its safety assessment and process optimization in production, transportation, storage, and use. This study systematically characterized the thermal performance of DNGU using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and accelerated calorimetry (ARC). Key thermodynamic parameters such as decomposition activation energy (<em>E</em> = 209.88 kJ/mol), pre exponential factor (<em>A</em> = 2.82 × 10<sup>20</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>), activation entropy (Δ<em>S</em><sup>≠</sup> = 142.07 J/(mol·K)), activation enthalpy (Δ<em>H</em><sup>≠</sup> = 206.55 kJ/mol), activation Gibbs free energy (Δ<em>G</em><sup>≠</sup> = 133.70 kJ/mol), and critical temperature for thermal explosion (<em>T</em><sub>b</sub> = 250.45 °C) were obtained through DSC testing. Based on ARC test data, a thermal decomposition kinetics model (n-order reaction model, <em>n</em> = 2) Through Hirshfeld surface analysis, it was found that the proportion of O···H interactions in DNGU crystals is as high as 49.50%, and the three-dimensional hydrogen bonding network formed by it, together with the total interaction energy of -193 kJ/mol, constitutes the structural basis for the high thermal stability of DNGU. This study reveals the stability of DNGU from thermodynamics and Hirsfeld surface, providing basic data for the industrial use of DNGU.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100531,"journal":{"name":"FirePhysChem","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 435-442"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148666735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bis([1,2,4]triazolo)[1,5-b:5′,1′-e][1,2,4,5]tetrazine: Reconsideration of an advanced energetic fused heterocycle and synthesis of azo derivatives as ultrahigh-temperature heat-resistant energetic materials 双（[1,2,4]三氮唑）[1,5-b:5 ',1 ' -e][1,2,4,5]四氮：一种先进的高能熔合杂环及其偶氮衍生物的合成作为超高温耐热含能材料

IF 5.1

FirePhysChem Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.fpc.2025.10.005

Xiaochen Bu, Zhengyang Lei, Yiying Zhang, Cheng Xu, Rongbin Cai, Hao Wu, Bozhou Wang, Lianjie Zhai

{"title":"Bis([1,2,4]triazolo)[1,5-b:5′,1′-e][1,2,4,5]tetrazine: Reconsideration of an advanced energetic fused heterocycle and synthesis of azo derivatives as ultrahigh-temperature heat-resistant energetic materials","authors":"Xiaochen Bu, Zhengyang Lei, Yiying Zhang, Cheng Xu, Rongbin Cai, Hao Wu, Bozhou Wang, Lianjie Zhai","doi":"10.1016/j.fpc.2025.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fpc.2025.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bis([1,2,4]triazolo)[1,5-<em>b</em>:1′,5′-<em>e</em>][1,2,4,5]tetrazine-2,7-diamine (DATC) was synthesized via thermal polycyclization in polyphosphoric acid and confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction, and its azo-coupled derivatives ABATC (<strong>4</strong>) and ABNTC (<strong>5</strong>) were subsequently obtained through oxidation and azo coupling reactions. Computational analysis of reaction energy barriers and <sup>15</sup>N NMR chemical shifts provides strong support for the two-step cyclization mechanism while ruling out the existence of the structural isomer. The thermal decomposition temperature of <strong>4</strong> is up to 427 °C, demonstrating an exceptional thermal stability under ultrahigh-temperature conditions. Compound <strong>5</strong> exhibits superior detonation performance (<em>D</em>: 8851.6 m/s, <em>P</em>: 31.72 GPa) compared to RDX and outstanding insensitivity (IS > 50 J; FS > 360 N), representing a rare combination of high energy density, thermal stability, and insensitivity. Density functional theory-based calculations clearly reveal the significant contributions of hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, and delocalized conjugation effects to the thermal stability of these energetic compounds. Comparative analysis of the structural features and performance profiles across this series not only elucidates their intrinsic structure-property relationships, but also establishes a rational foundation for subsequent molecular design of novel high-temperature heat-resistant energetic materials. This series of energetic compounds have significant potential applications in specialized blasting, hypersonic weapon systems, and ultra-deep drilling technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100531,"journal":{"name":"FirePhysChem","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 443-452"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148666785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

MMH/NTO liquid microthrusters for space propulsion: Progress, challenges, and emerging research directions 用于空间推进的MMH/NTO液体微推进器：进展、挑战和新兴研究方向

IF 5.1

FirePhysChem Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.fpc.2025.10.002

Aman Aggarwal, Harshit Shukla

{"title":"MMH/NTO liquid microthrusters for space propulsion: Progress, challenges, and emerging research directions","authors":"Aman Aggarwal, Harshit Shukla","doi":"10.1016/j.fpc.2025.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fpc.2025.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monomethylhydrazine (MMH) and nitrogen tetroxide (NTO) are widely utilized hypergolic bipropellants in spacecraft propulsion systems due to their reliable ignition characteristics, high specific impulse (∼320 s), and long-term storability. In recent years, the miniaturization of these systems has enabled their integration into microthrusters designed for precise satellite attitude control, station-keeping, orbit correction, interplanetary probe and deep-space manoeuvring, especially for small satellites and CubeSats. This review comprehensively examines advancements in the design, modeling, and fabrication of MMH/NTO-based liquid microthrusters, with particular emphasis on injector optimization, combustion chamber scaling, and thermofluidic behaviour at low Reynolds numbers. Challenges such as incomplete combustion due to shortened residence times, material degradation from prolonged NTO exposure, and thermal fatigue are critically analysed. Additionally, this paper highlights innovative solutions including the integration of MEMS-based actuation, additive manufacturing of high-temperature components, and AI-driven injector and flow path optimization. The feasibility of transitioning to green hypergolic substitutes such as HAN and ADN-based propellants is also discussed. Future trajectories include thrust miniaturization, increased combustion completeness, and system adaptability for next-generation nanosatellite platforms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100531,"journal":{"name":"FirePhysChem","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 424-434"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148666707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A green and environmentally friendly nitrocellulose/ethyl cellulose aqueous coating for enhancing the progressive combustion of gun propellants 一种绿色环保的硝基纤维素/乙基纤维素水性涂料，用于增强火炮推进剂的渐进燃烧

IF 5.1

FirePhysChem Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.fpc.2025.10.001

Menghe Jiang, Zhiyong Hu, Peng Zhang, Qi Yang, Yafei Wang, Yajun Ding, Zhongliang Xiao

{"title":"A green and environmentally friendly nitrocellulose/ethyl cellulose aqueous coating for enhancing the progressive combustion of gun propellants","authors":"Menghe Jiang, Zhiyong Hu, Peng Zhang, Qi Yang, Yafei Wang, Yajun Ding, Zhongliang Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.fpc.2025.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fpc.2025.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study successfully developed a novel energetic coated seven-hole gun propellant using an environmentally friendly aqueous coating system based on nitrocellulose/ethyl cellulose (NC/EC), combined with fluidized bed coating technology. The effects of coating process conditions on the coating structure and integrity of the propellant were systematically investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses confirmed a tightly bonded interfacial structure between the coating and the base gun propellant, along with Grade 1 compatibility. When the optimal conditions of 8% solid content and a 5% mass growth rate, the sample exhibited the lowest dynamic vivacity (<em>L</em>) during the initial combustion stage, while its <em>B</em><sub>m</sub> increased to 0.53, <em>L</em><sub>m</sub> rose to 2.73 MPa⁻¹·s⁻¹, the dynamic vivacity difference (Δ<em>L</em>) reached 0.77 MPa⁻¹·s⁻¹, and the progressive combustion characteristic parameter (<em>A</em><sub>L-B</sub>) improved to 0.93 MPa⁻¹·s⁻¹. Additionally, accelerated aging tests demonstrated excellent storage stability, with <em>L</em><sub>m</sub> values remaining consistently between 2.73 MPa⁻¹·s⁻¹ and 2.82 MPa⁻¹·s⁻¹, indicating only minor fluctuations. The developed energetic aqueous coating system shows great promise and offers valuable guidance for the development of green coating materials in propellant applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100531,"journal":{"name":"FirePhysChem","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 413-423"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148666768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0