Catalytic effects of transition metal oxides on HTPB-based fuel polymer matrices

Abstract

Low regression rate due to difficult pyrolysis is a major challenge in the practical application of terminated hydroxyl‑terminated polybutadiene (HTPB)-based fuels in hybrid rocket propulsion. Accelerating the decomposition of the polymer matrix is an effective method to improve the regression rate of HTPB fuels. To determine the difference in combustion performance between different transition metal oxides loaded HTPB-based fuels, nickel oxide (NiO), ferric oxide (Fe₂O₃), copper oxide (CuO) and manganese dioxide (MnO₂) were introduced into the HTPB matrix at 5% mass fraction. The experimental results showed that the metal oxides could significantly catalyze the pyrolysis of HTPB-based fuels and enhance the fuel regression rate, and the catalytic effect was mainly concentrated in the middle and late stages of the thermal decomposition process of polybutadiene components. Among the four transition metal oxides, CuO and MnO₂ showed better catalytic effects on the combustion performance of HTPB-based fuels in the high oxygen mass flux region, while NiO showed better catalytic effects in the low oxygen mass flux region. The present study compares the regression rate of fuel grains modified with different transition metal oxides, which provides a basis for the selection of future catalysts, verifies the catalytic effect of the transition metal oxides on the combustion of HTPB-based fuels and further analyzes the combustion reaction mechanism of the fuels.