Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science最新文献_第10页

A quantitative study of the trophic relationships within the fish community of the Mhlanga estuary, South Africa 南非姆兰加河口鱼类群落营养关系的定量研究

Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science Pub Date : 1980-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0302-3524(80)80121-6

A.K. Whitfield

{"title":"A quantitative study of the trophic relationships within the fish community of the Mhlanga estuary, South Africa","authors":"A.K. Whitfield","doi":"10.1016/S0302-3524(80)80121-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0302-3524(80)80121-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The importance of benthic floc, zoobenthos, zooplankton and epiphytic flora and fauna as energy sources for the fishes of the Mhlanga estuary was studied between January and December 1978. Benthic floc (detritus and associated microorganisms) was the most important food resource with an annual standing crop of 161 kJ m−2 (9·46 g m−2). More than 90% of the fish biomass utilized this energy source compared to 1·8% feeding on zoobenthos (26·4 kJ m−2, 1·5 g m−2), 1·7% on zooplankton (1·7 kJ m−3, 0·08 g m−3) and 3·1% on epiphytic flora and fauna (4·0 kJ m−2, 0·27 g m−2). Since much of the detritus entered the Mhlanga estuary from the fringing Phragmites swamp, the biological productivity of the estuary was closely linked to that of the reed beds. During the closed phase of the estuary the standing crops of the fish food resources increased due to the relative stability of the physical environment. The highest biomasses of zooplankton, zoobenthos, epiflora and epifauna were recorded after extended periods of closure and decreased significantly when the estuary opened. This was due to two main factors: firstly prolonged exposure of vast areas of the lagoon and reed swamp, and secondly large scale substrate movement caused by floodwaters leaving the estuary.</div>","PeriodicalId":100492,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science","volume":"10 4","pages":"Pages 417-435"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0302-3524(80)80121-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88482764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 98

Groundwater seepage into Great South Bay, New York 地下水渗入纽约大南湾

Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science Pub Date : 1980-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0302-3524(80)80122-8

Henry Bokuniewicz

{"title":"Groundwater seepage into Great South Bay, New York","authors":"Henry Bokuniewicz","doi":"10.1016/S0302-3524(80)80122-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0302-3524(80)80122-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Great South Bay (New York) is a large lagoon on the northeast coast of the United States. The flow of groundwater across the floor of Great South Bay has been reported to account for as much as 2/3 of the total freshwater inflow. In situ measurements of this seepage flow have been made along four offshore transects in the Bay. These measurements show that the flow rate decreases rapidly offshore; within 30 m of the shoreline, the submarine outflow rates were typically 40 l (day m2)−1 and decreased to less than 10 l (day m2)−1 at a distance of 100 m from shore. The Bay floor at the study locations was sand or silty sand with vertical intrinsic permeabilities ranging from 14 to 78 darcys.The flow rate across the Bay floor may be described by an exponentially decreasing function. The flow distribution may, therefore, be specified with two parameters—the flow value at the shoreline, A, and a ‘decay’ constant, c, that governs the rate of decrease of the flow offshore. The calculated total flows along the four transects were 2·1 × 103, 1·1 × 103, 8·5 × 103 and 3·9 × 103 l (day m)−1. Between 40% and 98% of this flow enters the Bay within 100 m from shore. The total flow of groundwater across the Bay floor was calculated to be about 2 × 108 l day−1 or 10–20% of the total freshwater inflow.</div>","PeriodicalId":100492,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science","volume":"10 4","pages":"Pages 437-444"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0302-3524(80)80122-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76176275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 186

Occurrence and predation by Mnemiopsis leidyi in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey 新泽西州Barnegat湾leidyi记忆藻的发生及捕食

Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science Pub Date : 1980-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0302-3524(80)80119-8

Kent Mountford

{"title":"Occurrence and predation by Mnemiopsis leidyi in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey","authors":"Kent Mountford","doi":"10.1016/S0302-3524(80)80119-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0302-3524(80)80119-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div>A late-May seed population of the ctenophore, Mnemiposis leidyi, monitored by net tow at four stations, increased from an average 0.15 m−3 to 68 m−3 in 15 days. This increase was coupled with almost complete removal of the adult copepod population, and a general depression of net zooplankton biomass. In eight days following peak density the ctenophore population had declined to 21.9 m−3, 32% of its peak level. Oscillations in ctenophore and zooplankton density suggested an equilibrium process toward late June.With zooplankton biomass as dependent variable, data on the ctenophore population, taxonomic composition of the zooplankton and hydrography were subjected to multiple regression analysis. Calculated zooplankton biomass agreed closely with the observed means. Log10 ctenophore abundance, a measure of predator pressure, produced the greatest reduction in unexplained variation (0.01<P<0.025). The recruitment of bottom invertebrate larvae into the plankton was next most important (0.01<P<0.025). Plankton data from other years suggests this dynamic predatorprey interaction is an annual event in this barrier built estuary which is an excellent site to study the phenomenon because of a low flushing rate and the absence of ctenophore predators.</div>","PeriodicalId":100492,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science","volume":"10 4","pages":"Pages 393-402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0302-3524(80)80119-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87459847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 38

Tidal induced regulation of nitrogen fixation activity (C2H4 production) in a Georgia Salt Marsh 潮汐诱导的乔治亚盐沼固氮活性(C2H4生产)调节

Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science Pub Date : 1980-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0302-3524(80)80123-X

M.S. Ubben , R.B. Hanson

引用次数: 7

Sensitivity of marine ciliates (Protozoa, ciliophora) to high thermal stress 海洋纤毛虫(原生动物，纤毛虫)对高温胁迫的敏感性

Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science Pub Date : 1980-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0302-3524(80)80117-4

Edwin A. Martinez

{"title":"Sensitivity of marine ciliates (Protozoa, ciliophora) to high thermal stress","authors":"Edwin A. Martinez","doi":"10.1016/S0302-3524(80)80117-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0302-3524(80)80117-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The range of sensitivity of marine ciliates to temperatures approaching lethal maxima was determined under a variety of biotic and abiotic conditions. Twelve species of ciliates representing different taxa, sizes and modes of locomotion were examined. A simple heating apparatus consisting of a heated microscope stage was employed to subject the organisms to acute heat stress.Heat resistance in the ciliates was influenced by cultivation temperature, salinity and nutrition. Temperatures of LD50 ranged from 31.5 °C for Uronema marinum Dujardin to 39 °C for Condylostoma arenarium Spiegel. When cultivated at low temperatures (10 °C), Euplotes crassus (Dujardin) was more resistant to heat shock at high salinities (35‰) than at low salinities (15‰). The effect of salinity on thermal resistance diminished as the ciliates were cultivated at higher temperatures (30 °C). Thermal sensitivity depended also on the temperature of acclimation. E. crassus was more sensitive to heat stress when it was cultivated on single strains of bacteria than when it was cultivated on a mixture of bacteria. Furthermore the type of bacteria offered as food also influenced its sensitivity to heat shock.</div>","PeriodicalId":100492,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science","volume":"10 4","pages":"Pages 369-381, IN1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0302-3524(80)80117-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77283855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

A comparison of tidal harmonic constants computed at and near an inlet 在入口和附近计算潮汐调和常数的比较

Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science Pub Date : 1980-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0302-3524(80)80118-6

Ned P. Smith

引用次数: 5

Deposition of dredged sediment at open water sites 疏浚沉积物在开放水域的沉积

Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science Pub Date : 1980-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0302-3524(80)80102-2

Henry J. Bokuniewicz , Robert B. Gordon

{"title":"Deposition of dredged sediment at open water sites","authors":"Henry J. Bokuniewicz , Robert B. Gordon","doi":"10.1016/S0302-3524(80)80102-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0302-3524(80)80102-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Silt-clay dredge spoil released at the surface of near-shore waters is deposited on the sea floor within a few hundred meters of its impact point. Only a few percent of the spoil is lost into the water column in most disposal operations. Surveys of the deposits formed by the controlled release of dredged sediment show some to be compact (presenting minimum surface area to the ambient water) and others dispersed (extending over a large area as a thin layer). The principal factor controlling the degree of dispersion during placement is the cohesion of the spoil. Disaggregated spoil is deposited from a turbidity current in a thin annulus, aggregated or cohesive spoil, in a compact pile of discrete blocks or ‘clods’. Formation of a compact deposit of spoil requires that the clods survive impact with the bottom; their kinetic energy must be absorbed in plastic deformation without clod rupture. The impact speed and the kinetic energy density are calculated for free fall of clods in water. Laboratory measurements are made of the deformation-rate dependence of the mechanical work done to rupture clods of silt-clay marine sediment in impact. These show that plastic deformation will dissipate the impact energy for clods less than 0·8 m in diameter; larger clods will break up upon impact. Field observations confirm the presence of clods smaller than this in deposits of cohesive spoil. The disposal processes responsible for the formation of spoil deposits are insensitive to the water depth and current speed. A compact spoil deposit is most likely to result when cohesive sediment is dredged with a clam shell bucket and released in small quantities at low speed over a soft-bottomed disposal area.</div>","PeriodicalId":100492,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science","volume":"10 3","pages":"Pages 289-303, IN1-IN2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0302-3524(80)80102-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72277661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 26

Daily, seasonal, and annual fluctuations among zooplankton populations in an unpolluted tropical embayment 未受污染的热带海湾中浮游动物种群的日、季、年波动

Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science Pub Date : 1980-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0302-3524(80)80101-0

Marsh J. Youngbluth

引用次数: 37

Analyses of sea level fluctuations in Thermaicos Gulf and Salonica Bay, northwestern Aegean Sea 爱琴海西北部Thermaicos湾和Salonica湾海平面波动分析

Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science Pub Date : 1980-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0302-3524(80)80105-8

Amanda Wilding, Michael Collins, George Ferentinos

引用次数: 13

Effects of moderate sewage input on benthic polychaete populations 适度污水输入对底栖多毛类种群的影响

Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science Pub Date : 1980-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0302-3524(80)80106-X

Daniel M. Dauer, William G. Conner

{"title":"Effects of moderate sewage input on benthic polychaete populations","authors":"Daniel M. Dauer, William G. Conner","doi":"10.1016/S0302-3524(80)80106-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0302-3524(80)80106-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The polychaete fauna of a sandy intertidal habitat receiving effluent from a sewage treatment plant was compared to that of a control site. The total number of individuals, total biomass, and average species numbers were significantly greater at the sewage-affected site. The response of individual species to nutrient enrichment varied. Some species showed significantly greater numbers of individuals at the sewage-affected site while other species' densities showed no difference. All species maintained greater biomass at the enriched site, most biomass differences were significant. Those species which did not show density differences between sites tended to have the greatest difference in average weight per individual. In general, species with either benthic development or some form of brooding behavior were best able to exploit the enriched condition by increased densities, or greater average biomass per individual. It was concluded that for moderate increases in nutrient concentrations, benthic productivity will be most enhanced in those sediments with very low concentrations of fine sized particles.</div>","PeriodicalId":100492,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science","volume":"10 3","pages":"Pages 335-346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0302-3524(80)80106-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72581613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 116