Environmental Pollution Series A, Ecological and Biological最新文献_第4页

Effect of monocrotophos and quinalphos on soil algae 单效磷和四效磷对土壤藻类的影响

Environmental Pollution Series A, Ecological and Biological Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0143-1471(86)90079-6

M. Megharaj, K. Venkateswarlu, A.S. Rao

引用次数: 21

The environmental impact of paper mill waste discharges to the Upper Medway Estuary, Kent, England 造纸厂废物排放到上梅德韦河口，肯特郡，英格兰的环境影响

Environmental Pollution Series A, Ecological and Biological Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0143-1471(86)90066-8

J.R. Wharfe, R.A. Dines, L.A. Bird

{"title":"The environmental impact of paper mill waste discharges to the Upper Medway Estuary, Kent, England","authors":"J.R. Wharfe, R.A. Dines, L.A. Bird","doi":"10.1016/0143-1471(86)90066-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0143-1471(86)90066-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The Upper Medway Estuary is considered as the narrow, funnel-shaped channel from the tidal limit at Allington downstream to Lower Upnor. Mathematical models are used to predict the depletion of dissolved oxygen resulting from organic waste inputs to the upper estuary. Surveys of the soft sediment fauna together with sediment redox potentials, organic carbon and cellulose content showed that conditions were generally poor and that faunal diversity was low, although a few surviving oligochaetes proliferated in the absence of predation and competition, with numbers in excess of 1·0 × 106 individuals per m2 of sediment being recorded. The bottom sediments were relatively mobile, although a combination of sediment organic content and redox potential profiles clearly demonstrated the occurrence of reduced sediment conditions at depths below 6 cm at some sites in the upper estuary, with the greatest effect at sites downstream of the paper mill discharges. A significant reduction in the amount of organic waste discharged to the upper estuary should increase faunal diversity, although high species richness is considered unlikely given the naturally harsh conditions.</div>","PeriodicalId":100483,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution Series A, Ecological and Biological","volume":"40 4","pages":"Pages 345-357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-1471(86)90066-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81607365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Changes in carbohydrate metabolism in tilapia, Oreochromis (Sarotherodon) mossambicus, during short-term exposure to different types of pollutants 罗非鱼短期暴露于不同类型污染物时碳水化合物代谢的变化

Environmental Pollution Series A, Ecological and Biological Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0143-1471(86)90091-7

Ajit D. Dangé

{"title":"Changes in carbohydrate metabolism in tilapia, Oreochromis (Sarotherodon) mossambicus, during short-term exposure to different types of pollutants","authors":"Ajit D. Dangé","doi":"10.1016/0143-1471(86)90091-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0143-1471(86)90091-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div>During exposure of the freshwater fish, tilapia, Oreochromis (Sarotherodon) mossambicus, to heavy metals (mercury and copper), organochlorine insecticides (DDT and endosulfan) and aromatic hydrocarbons (napthalene and phenol) for up to 96 h, the lethal concentrations of all pollutants caused a substantial loss of liver and muscle glycogen. This was accompanied by a considerable rise in the plasma glucose levels. Although the sublethal concentrations generally failed to affect the tissue glycogen levels, the stress produced hyperglycaemia, especially towards the end of the exposure period. The most extensive effects were produced by the aromatic hydrocarbons which, at their lethal concentrations, also caused a reduction in the liver weight by 96 h exposure.The quantitative differences in effects of the three types of pollutants are discussed in relation to differences in the capacity of fish tissues to metabolise these hazardous chemicals and also the physical activity responses of the stressed fish.</div>","PeriodicalId":100483,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution Series A, Ecological and Biological","volume":"41 2","pages":"Pages 165-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-1471(86)90091-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83512690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 45

Protein, nucleic acid and adenylate levels in Daphnia magna during chronic exposure to chlordecone 慢性暴露于十氯酮期间大水蚤的蛋白质、核酸和腺苷酸水平

Environmental Pollution Series A, Ecological and Biological Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0143-1471(86)90017-6

Michael J. McKee, Charles O. Knowles

{"title":"Protein, nucleic acid and adenylate levels in Daphnia magna during chronic exposure to chlordecone","authors":"Michael J. McKee, Charles O. Knowles","doi":"10.1016/0143-1471(86)90017-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0143-1471(86)90017-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The relationships between levels of several biomolecules and survival and reproduction were investigated in Daphnia magna exposed for 21 days to chlordecone concentrations ranging from zero to 60 μg litre−1. Biomolecules, which included total protein, ribonucleic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid, adenosine diphosphate and adenosine triphosphate, were monitored on days 7 and 21. The highest no observable effect concentration (NOEC) based on survival and reproduction was 11·2 μg litre−1 chlordecone. Although the level of each biomolecule per individual daphnid was decreased in a concentration-dependent manner by exposure to chlordecone, protein was most sensitive and had the same NOEC as survival and reproduction. The relative sensitivity of these three parameters when expressed as percent of control was survival > reproduction > protein. RNA/DNA and ADP/ATP ratios were not significantly affected by chlordecone exposure; however, ratios of protein/RNA/DNA and ATP/DNA were significantly increased in daphnia exposed to 48·4 μg litre−1 chlordecone.</div>","PeriodicalId":100483,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution Series A, Ecological and Biological","volume":"42 4","pages":"Pages 335-351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-1471(86)90017-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79357720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 31

Phyllosphere microflora of certain plants in relation to air pollution 某些植物的叶圈微生物区系与空气污染的关系

Environmental Pollution Series A, Ecological and Biological Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0143-1471(86)90030-9

K.K. Khanna

引用次数: 11

Impact of ozone and sulphur dioxide on soybean yield 臭氧和二氧化硫对大豆产量的影响

Environmental Pollution Series A, Ecological and Biological Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0143-1471(86)90087-5

L.W. Kress, J.E. Miller , H.J. Smith, J.O. Rawlings

{"title":"Impact of ozone and sulphur dioxide on soybean yield","authors":"L.W. Kress, J.E. Miller , H.J. Smith, J.O. Rawlings","doi":"10.1016/0143-1471(86)90087-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0143-1471(86)90087-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Little dose-response information exists on the effects of chronic ozone (O3) and intermittent sulphur dioxide (SO2) exposures on the yield of important agricultural crops. Such information is needed for the refinement of estimates of air pollution-induced crop losses. Field-grown plants of two soybean cultivars (Glycine max L. Merr, ‘Amsoy-71’ and ‘Corsoy-79’) were exposed to incremental chronic doses of O3 for 7 h a day and/or intermittent SO2 fumigations (4 h a day, 3 days a week) from shortly after emergence until maturity. The O3 was removed by charcoal filtration or applied by addition of various constant amounts of O3 to the ambient O3 present in non-filtered-air open-top chambers. There were no cultivar differences in yield response to either O3 or SO2. There also was no indication of an O3 × SO2 interaction. The data suggest yield losses of 5–15% at ambient O3 concentrations (0·045-0·065 μl litre−1) and about 7% yield loss due to 0·10 μl litre−1 of SO2 in intermittent exposures. These loss estimates for O3 or SO2 were similar to those of previously published studies from different areas of the United States utilising different soybean cultivars.</div>","PeriodicalId":100483,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution Series A, Ecological and Biological","volume":"41 2","pages":"Pages 105-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-1471(86)90087-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73815180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Differences in sensitivity of some avian species to the embryotoxicity of a PCB, 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl, injected into the eggs 某些鸟类对蛋内注射多氯联苯3,3 '，4,4 ' -四氯联苯的胚胎毒性敏感性差异

Environmental Pollution Series A, Ecological and Biological Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0143-1471(86)90043-7

Björn Brunström, Lars Reutergårdh

引用次数: 76

Does p,p′-DDE thin eggshells? p ' -DDE能使蛋壳变薄吗?

Environmental Pollution Series A, Ecological and Biological Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0143-1471(86)90100-5

F. Moriarty, A.A. Bell , H. Hanson

{"title":"Does p,p′-DDE thin eggshells?","authors":"F. Moriarty, A.A. Bell , H. Hanson","doi":"10.1016/0143-1471(86)90100-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0143-1471(86)90100-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div>It is generally accepted that p,p′-DDE causes many species of bird to lay eggs with thinner shells, but the published evidence for this proposition is ambiguous. Data on egg size (measured by maximum length), shape (measured by the ratio of maximum breadth to maximum length), shell thickness (measured indirectly by Ratcliffe's index, I) and p,p′-DDE content (log μg g −1 fresh weight) were therefore examined in samples of eggs taken from three species: two samples from the gannet Sula bassana L., three samples from the shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis L. and six samples from the heron Ardea cinerea L. The value of I is virtually unaffected by changes of egg size but is affected by egg shape, and this variable bias in Ratcliffe's index did in some instances materially affect the conclusions to be drawn from the data. A revised index (J), derived from the prolate spheroid, was therefore developed. The value of J is virtually unaffected by changes of egg size and shape, and yields a much more accurate estimate of the product of the mean shell density and thickness.The conventional negative linear regression of Ratcliffe's index on p,p′-DDE content occurred in many, but not all, of the egg samples that had at least a 10-fold range of p,p′-DDE concentrations. Two other samples both contained two eggs with p,p′-DDE concentrations of not more than 0·1 μg g−1 fresh weight. The shell index I increased, or at least did not decrease, until the p,p′-DDE content exceeded about 0·1–0·2 μg g−1. We suggest that a curvilinear relationship with a maximum turning point is probably a common physiological response to pollutants.</div>","PeriodicalId":100483,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution Series A, Ecological and Biological","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 257-286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-1471(86)90100-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89524024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 25

The effects of coal-smoke pollutants on the leaf epidermal architecture in Solanum melongena L. variety pusa purple long 煤烟污染物对茄叶表皮结构的影响

Environmental Pollution Series A, Ecological and Biological Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0143-1471(86)90025-5

M.C. Gupta, A.K.M. Ghouse

引用次数: 17

Environmental movement of indicator bacteria from soil amended with undigested sewage sludge 未消化污水污泥改性土壤中指示菌的环境运动

Environmental Pollution Series A, Ecological and Biological Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0143-1471(86)90057-7

D.D. Ibiebele , A.D. Inyang

引用次数: 17