Emerging Animal Species最新文献_第3页

Influence of pathogens specific subclinical mastitis on oxidative status and mineral metabolism of yak 病原体特异性亚临床乳腺炎对牦牛氧化状态和矿物质代谢的影响

Emerging Animal Species Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eas.2023.100028

Suman Biswas , Reena Mukherjee , Soumendu Chakravarti , Asit Kumar Bera , Samiran Bandyopadhyay , Ujjwal Kumar De , Sanjoy Datta

{"title":"Influence of pathogens specific subclinical mastitis on oxidative status and mineral metabolism of yak","authors":"Suman Biswas , Reena Mukherjee , Soumendu Chakravarti , Asit Kumar Bera , Samiran Bandyopadhyay , Ujjwal Kumar De , Sanjoy Datta","doi":"10.1016/j.eas.2023.100028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eas.2023.100028","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Yaks are the lifeline of the tribal nomadic herdsmen/ highlanders. The present investigation was carried out to study the alteration of milk and serum micro-minerals with antioxidant status in sub-clinically affected yak. A total 420 mammary quarters from 120 yaks were screened for intramammary infection (IMI). Out of 420 mammary quarters of yaks, 62 were found positive for subclinical mastitis. Out of 62 quarters, 19, 16 and 15 quarters were found to be positive for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) respectively. A total 48 quarters were selected for this study. 12 clinically healthy quarters and 12 each quarter from S. aureus, E. coli and S. agalactiae infected mammary quarters were selected and formed Group I, II, III and IV respectively. Oxidative stress was measured on the basis of estimation of malondialdehyde (MDA), ceruloplasmin and nitric oxide (NO) in serum. Serum copper, cobalt, zinc and iron were also estimated. The serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and ceruloplasmin level was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in infected groups as compared to healthy quarters. Maximum nitric oxide (NO) activity was exhibited in S. aureus group followed by E. coli group and S. agalactiae group infected quarters. Among the infected quarters, lowest and highest concentrations of minerals were found in S. aureus infected quarters and E. coli infected quarters respectively. Alterations of milk mineral profiles were more significant in S. aureus group as compared to other groups whereas serum mineral profiles were having significant alteration in between all the groups.</div>","PeriodicalId":100464,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Animal Species","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100028"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49746606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Validation of a basic ground skills assessment for equine-assisted services 对马辅助服务的基本地面技能评估进行验证

Emerging Animal Species Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.26076/B74D-E482

Sarah J. Andersen, M. Pate, Judy Smith, Holly Clement, Rose Judd-Murray

引用次数: 0

Hematology and serum chemistry of female South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis) from Isla de Lobos , Uruguay 乌拉圭洛博斯岛雌性南美皮海豹（Arctocephalus australis）的血液学和血清化学

Emerging Animal Species Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eas.2023.100025

P. Polizzi , S. Fares Taie , M.B. Romero , A. Ponce de León , R.W. Davis , A. Dolagaratz Carricavur , L. Chiodi Boudet , D. Rodríguez , M. Gerpe

{"title":"Hematology and serum chemistry of female South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis) from Isla de Lobos , Uruguay","authors":"P. Polizzi , S. Fares Taie , M.B. Romero , A. Ponce de León , R.W. Davis , A. Dolagaratz Carricavur , L. Chiodi Boudet , D. Rodríguez , M. Gerpe","doi":"10.1016/j.eas.2023.100025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eas.2023.100025","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Hematology and serum chemistry are used to diagnose disease in marine mammals in captivity and in the wild. Clinicopathologic variables are the first step in determining treatment and assessing the suitability for rehabilitation and release. The South American fur seal (SAFS; Arctocephalus australis) occurs along the Pacific coast from southern Peru to Cape Horn and northward to southern Brazil on the Atlantic coast. The goal of this study was to evaluate hematologic, clinical chemistry, and physical parameters of eight female SAFS from coastal Uruguay. Segmented neutrophils were the major leukocytes followed by lymphocytes. The mean aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was similar to that reported previously for females and pups, except two females that showed higher levels. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in SAFS from our study was markedly higher than values reported for Chilean SAFS. AST and ALT values found could be related to liver damage. ALP levels in the females were within the range reported previously. Creatinine was higher compared with females and pups from Chile. The differences found in hematology and serum chemistry between Chilean and Uruguayan populations may also be related to differences in physiological and immune status. Basophils, myelocytes, metamyelocytes, lymphocyte plasma cells, and immature or pathologic forms were not observed. No unusual values were observed for red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), and platelets. Glucose, uricemia, creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Na, Cl, Ca, P and K levels are the first report for the species. These are the first results on the hemotology and blood chemistry of otherwise wild SAFS from Isla de Lobos, which can be used to assess the health of wild populations and during rehabilitation.</div>","PeriodicalId":100464,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Animal Species","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100025"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49762244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Serological and molecular investigations on Toxoplasma gondii and Leptospira spp. in bats captured in urban areas from Brazil 巴西市区捕获蝙蝠刚地弓形虫和钩端螺旋体血清学和分子学调查

Emerging Animal Species Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.eas.2023.100033

Dália Monique Ribeiro Machado , Felipe Fornazari , Karine Bott Mantovan , Mariana Aimee Ramos Xavier da Silva , Mariana Zanchetta e Gava , Paula Ferraz de Camargo Zanotto , Luiz Daniel de Barros , Luis Antonio Mathias , Benedito Donizete Menozzi , Helio Langoni

{"title":"Serological and molecular investigations on Toxoplasma gondii and Leptospira spp. in bats captured in urban areas from Brazil","authors":"Dália Monique Ribeiro Machado , Felipe Fornazari , Karine Bott Mantovan , Mariana Aimee Ramos Xavier da Silva , Mariana Zanchetta e Gava , Paula Ferraz de Camargo Zanotto , Luiz Daniel de Barros , Luis Antonio Mathias , Benedito Donizete Menozzi , Helio Langoni","doi":"10.1016/j.eas.2023.100033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eas.2023.100033","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Zoonoses affect multiple host species, including bats, which are known to harbor and transmit many zoonotic pathogens. The objective of this study was to detect antibodies against to Toxoplasma gondii and Leptospira spp., as well as DNA of the respective pathogens in bats captured for for rabies diagnosis. Bats at risk, falling or roosting in unusual places, were rescued by the Environmental Health Surveillance in Botucatu, São Paulo, and sent to the Zoonosis Diagnosis Service of the São Paulo State University (UNESP), FMVZ-UNESP, Campus of Botucatu, SP to perform the diagnostic test of rabies. Serum samples from these animals were used tested for the Modified Agglutination Test (MAT-Toxo), the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT-Lepto), while blood samples were submitted for conventional PCR. In total, nine species of bats, insectivores, and frugivores (n = 49) of the genera Artibeus, Eptesicus, Eumops, Lasiurus, Molossus, and Myotis. Among the 49 samples tested, MAT-Toxo detected Toxoplasma antibodies in seven (14.2%), while MAT-Lepto detected Leptospira antibodies in 3 (6.1%). None of the samples tested positive by PCR. The results indicate natural exposure of insectivorous bats to T. gondii and Leptospira spp. in urban areas of Brazil and the possibility of these animals acting as reservoirs and disseminating these pathogens in the environment.</div>","PeriodicalId":100464,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Animal Species","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100033"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49718110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Carcass characteristics and nutritional profile of wild Caiman crocodilus (Spectacled Caiman) meat 野生凯门鳄(眼镜凯门鳄)肉的胴体特性和营养概况

Emerging Animal Species Pub Date : 2023-07-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.eas.2023.100032

Daryian A. Dolly, Laura Tardieu

{"title":"Carcass characteristics and nutritional profile of wild Caiman crocodilus (Spectacled Caiman) meat","authors":"Daryian A. Dolly, Laura Tardieu","doi":"10.1016/j.eas.2023.100032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eas.2023.100032","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Developing standardized primal, sub-primal and commercial cuts, yield standards, and nutritional value for the Caiman crocodilus are vital in the process of developing a market for the animals’ consumption. This study aims to describe the carcass characteristics and the nutritional profile of wild caught C. crocodilus found in Trinidad and Tobago. Five adult C. crocodilus specimens were captured with an average weight and length of 28.04 ± 11.06 kg, 139.40 ± 16.32 cm respectively. Through carcass fabrication, a dressing percentage of 55.38 ± 1.8% was found and five primal cuts consisting of a neck, torso/rib cage, front leg with shoulder blade, back leg, and tail were determined for this species. Further fabrication of the carcass resulted in four sub-primal cuts, a top fillet, bottom fillet, loin, and breast cut. The fabricated tail of C. crocodilus constituted 28.32 ± 4.50% of the carcass weight with the highest meat to bone ratio by cut of 6.43. The results of the proximate analysis to determine the moisture, protein, lipid, and ash content of a homogenized sample of neck and tail meat presented values of 75.31 ± 3.03, 21.36 ± 4.07, 6.00 ± 5.40, and 0.25 ± 0.03 respectively on a dry matter basis. Based on these carcass characteristics and nutritional profile, this study can be used to justify further exploration into the use of as an alternative meat source.</div>","PeriodicalId":100464,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Animal Species","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100032"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49717696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of Azanza garckeana and melatonin on serum biochemical and histopathological changes induced by chronic bisphenol-A administration in New Zealand rabbit bucks 白杨和褪黑素对慢性双酚a诱导的新西兰兔血清生化和组织病理变化的影响

Emerging Animal Species Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.eas.2023.100031

Joy Iyojo Itodo , Kelvin Olutimilehin Jolayemi , Dahiru Sani , Josiah Omachi Ocheja , Shettima Ibrahim , Mark Toju Ojeamiren

{"title":"Effects of Azanza garckeana and melatonin on serum biochemical and histopathological changes induced by chronic bisphenol-A administration in New Zealand rabbit bucks","authors":"Joy Iyojo Itodo , Kelvin Olutimilehin Jolayemi , Dahiru Sani , Josiah Omachi Ocheja , Shettima Ibrahim , Mark Toju Ojeamiren","doi":"10.1016/j.eas.2023.100031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eas.2023.100031","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The present investigation sought to elucidate the changes induced by Bisphenol A (BPA) on some organs, liver enzymes, lipid profiles and its amelioration by Azanza garckeana (AG) extract and melatonin. Adult New Zealand White rabbit bucks (N = 42), with average live weight of 1.2 ± 0.03 kg and aged 10–18 months were fed ad libitum on a commercial diet. They were randomly divided into seven groups of six (6) bucks each. Group A was administered distilled water (1.5 mL); group B, BPA (100 mg/kg); group C, AG (500 mg/kg); group D, melatonin (1.0 mg/kg); group E was pre-dosed for six weeks with BPA (100 mg/kg), then AG (500 mg/kg) for another six weeks; group F was pre-dosed for six weeks with BPA (100vmg/kg), then melatonin (1.0 mg/kg) for another six weeks; and group G was pre-dosed for six weeks with BPA (100 mg/kg), then AG (500 mg/kg) and melatonin(1.0 mg/kg) for another six weeks. BPA increased (p < 0.05) activities of AST (143.9 ± 25.3 U/mL), ALT (29.95 ± 4.9 U/mL), and concentrations of urea (22.72 ± 5.3 mg/dL) and creatinine (199.2 ± 17.6 U/mL) in group B compared to other groups. BPA increased (p < 0.05) concentrations of total cholesterol (27.34 ± 5.2 mmol/L), triglycerides (2.82 ± 0.5 mmol/L) and low-density lipoprotein (6.8 ± 0.4 mmol/L), but decreased in high density lipoprotein concentrations (1.95 ± 0.1 mmol/L) in group B when compared to other groups. In conclusion, AG and melatonin administration reduced the cytotoxic effects of BPA on hepatic tissue, through improving the liver and kidney function biomarkers and were confirmed by hepatic, renal, heart and lungs histopathological examinations.</div>","PeriodicalId":100464,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Animal Species","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100031"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49717689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synbiotic supplementation influence select antioxidants markers and immune response of Murrah buffalo calves 饲粮中添加益生菌对默拉水牛抗氧化标志物的选择和免疫反应的影响

Emerging Animal Species Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eas.2023.100026

Manpreet Singh, Vinay Venkatesh Varada, Sachin Kumar

{"title":"Synbiotic supplementation influence select antioxidants markers and immune response of Murrah buffalo calves","authors":"Manpreet Singh, Vinay Venkatesh Varada, Sachin Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.eas.2023.100026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eas.2023.100026","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Newborn calves undergoes tremendous physiological stress during the early life stage, leading to gut dysbiosis and reduced performance. Synbiotics administration has been shown to play a vital role in immunomodulation by replenishing gut microbiota, thereby conserving and protecting biological membranes against oxidative damage. This study examined the effects of synbiotic supplementation on selected antioxidant markers and immune response in Murrah buffalo calves. A total of twenty-four Murrah buffalo calves aged 5–7 d were enrolled randomly into three treatment groups based on body weight (BW) in a sixty-day feeding trial. Treatments were (1) control (CON); basal diet with no supplementation; (2) SYN1; control + synbiotic formulation 1 (200 mL fermented milk prepared from Lactobacillus acidophilus NCDC15 + 8g Cichorium intybus root powder); (3) SYN2; control + synbiotic formulation 2 (200 mL fermented milk prepared from Limosilactobacillus reuteri BFE7 + 8g Cichorium intybus root powder). Supplementation of SYN1 and SYN2 to calves significantly improved (P < 0.05) the cell-mediated immune response to phytohaemagglutinin-P (CMI; delayed type of hypersensitivity response to PHA-P). At the same time, the humoral immune response to chicken RBC (HIR; antibody titre to C-RBC) was enhanced (P < 0.05) in SYN-fed calves than in CON calves. Moreover, increased superoxide dismutase and catalase activities (P < 0.05) were observed in synbiotic-fed calves compared to CON calves. However, glutathione peroxidase activity was not influenced by SYN supplementation. Overall, the research showed that synbiotic formulations improved the immune system and antioxidant capacity of Murrah buffalo calves, making them less likely to get sick or stressed out during their early lives.</div>","PeriodicalId":100464,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Animal Species","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100026"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49722019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pathological and molecular diagnosis of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) in naturally infected goats (Capra hircus) from Maharashtra, India 印度马哈拉施特拉邦自然感染山羊(Capra hircus)传染性山羊胸膜肺炎(CCPP)的病理和分子诊断

Emerging Animal Species Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eas.2023.100024

Vitthal Dhaygude, Bhupesh Kamdi, Abhijit Barate, Jayant Sukare, Divya Sabharwal, Uma Tumlam, Chandrashekhar Mote

{"title":"Pathological and molecular diagnosis of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) in naturally infected goats (Capra hircus) from Maharashtra, India","authors":"Vitthal Dhaygude, Bhupesh Kamdi, Abhijit Barate, Jayant Sukare, Divya Sabharwal, Uma Tumlam, Chandrashekhar Mote","doi":"10.1016/j.eas.2023.100024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eas.2023.100024","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae (Mccp) causes contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP), a serious, economically important, WOAH (World Organisation for Animal Health) listed, acute, and highly contagious respiratory disease, in goats. Despite, the presence of CCPP has been previously reported in India, the current study confirms the presence of the disease in the state of Maharashtra, India. Clinical signs like fever, lethargy, anorexia, nasal discharge, coughing and respiratory distress followed by death (within 3–7 days if illness) with varying severity and duration were recorded in the affected goats. DNA was extracted from lung tissue collected from suspected cases and PCR was performed using primers specific for 16S rRNA gene of Mycoplasma spp. The agarose gel electrophoresis of PCR product revealed the presence of bands of expected size (278 bp) indicating positive amplification. The nucleotide sequence analysis of PCR amplicons showed 100% identity with 16S rRNA gene of Mccp isolate 033C1 (Accession No. LT578418.1) and AMRC-C758 (Accession No. LT578418.1). Additionally, specific anti-mycoplasma treatment was given to ailing animals and recovery was observed. These data confirms the presence of CCPP in Maharashtra state, adding information about disease spreading in the region. Further, it warrants the need of surveillance study on CCPP to investigate risk of the disease in goat population of Maharashtra state, India.</div>","PeriodicalId":100464,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Animal Species","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100024"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49722017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Electrocardiographic findings in anesthetised ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) of different ages 不同年龄麻醉雪貂的心电图表现

Emerging Animal Species Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eas.2023.100023

Marta Pattaro , Marco Bedin , Carlo Guglielmini , Gianfranco Gabai , Simona Normando

引用次数: 0

Respiratory distress in a domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) 家兔(Oryctolagus cuniculus)的呼吸窘迫

Emerging Animal Species Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eas.2023.100022

Audrey Palmero

{"title":"Respiratory distress in a domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)","authors":"Audrey Palmero","doi":"10.1016/j.eas.2023.100022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eas.2023.100022","url":null,"abstract":"<div>A 6 year old unsterilised male rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) was presented in emergency with respiratory distress. He has been suffering from dental disease for some years. On clinical examination, the rabbit was discordant and had expiratory dyspnoea without nasal discharge. Respiratory sounds are audible on pulmonary auscultation and he is bradycardic. Pulmonary, bronchial and/or pleural disease are sought. Chest X-rays are consistent with cardiomegaly and pulmonary oedema is suspected. Abdominal X-rays showed generalized ileus. After two hours of oxygen and diuretics, the patient's electrocardiogram showed sinus bradycardia. Echocardiography diagnosed dilated cardiomyopathy. After 48 h of intensive care, the patient was discharged on benazepril, furosemide, pimobendan, metoclopramide and feeding. In rabbits, dilated cardiomyopathy can be idiopathic, age or breed related (giant breed), infectious or toxic. A link between severe stress and catecholamine action is also described in favour of ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy. The treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy is similar to that of domestic carnivores. However, in rabbits, the difficulty is to suspect cardiac pathology. With the thymus, interpretation of chest X- rays is not always easy. The practitioner may be assisted by measurement of blood pressure, electrocardiogram and assessment of the Buchanan index. However, echocardiography remains the preferred examination for a definite diagnosis.</div>","PeriodicalId":100464,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Animal Species","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100022"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49720731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0