Emerging Animal Species最新文献

{"title":"Unraveling the promise of agroindustrial byproducts as alternative feed source for sustainable rabbit meat production","authors":"Kegan Romelle Jones ,&nbsp;Sivakumar Karuppusamy ,&nbsp;Venkatesan Sundaram","doi":"10.1016/j.eas.2024.100044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eas.2024.100044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Agroindustrial byproducts have emerged as a promising alternative for sustainable rabbit meat production. This scoping review explores their enormous potential as an integral component of rabbit feed, covering several categories of byproducts, including fruit and food wastes, agricultural pulp wastes, cassava root byproducts, olive byproducts, crop residues, sun-dried brewer's grains, dried distillers grains and solubles, and fruit pomace. These byproducts provide significant benefits to rabbit farms by improving growth rates, feed conversion and overall performance when carefully incorporated into the diet. They serve as valuable sources of essential fiber, protein, and other nutrients and improve rabbit nutrition. While recognizing their nutrient richness, this report also highlights the importance of carefully considering optimal inclusion levels and processing methods to maximize benefits while minimizing potential negative impacts. Incorporating agro-industrial byproducts into rabbit diets not only holds promise for sustainable agriculture, but also improves meat quality. Continued research and experimentation are critical to refine their use and realize their full potential in rabbit production, furthering the overall goal of sustainability and efficiency in meat production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100464,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Animal Species","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100044"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772813724000040/pdfft?md5=2dd469de9c89e6bdcd2d24d9dff22092&pid=1-s2.0-S2772813724000040-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140639382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of astragalus extract, levamisole and ascorbic acid on humoral immunity in chickens vaccinated with newcastle disease vaccines","authors":"Negedu Onogu Ameji ,&nbsp;Luimommei Zethan Kpasham ,&nbsp;Oludotun Olubusola Oladele ,&nbsp;Adanu Williams Adanu ,&nbsp;Essienifiok Saturday Unanam ,&nbsp;Alexander Ray Jambalang","doi":"10.1016/j.eas.2024.100043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eas.2024.100043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study was designed to assess the effects of <em>Astragalus</em> extract, levamisole and ascorbic acid on the humoral immune response of chickens vaccinated with live and inactivated Newcastle Disease (ND) vaccines. Sixty day-old Cobb500 broiler chicks were used for the study. At day old, the maternally derived antibodies (MDA) to ND virus was determined and the chicks were then housed in a bio-secured pen with water and feed given ad-lib. On the sixth day, the MDA decay was determined thereafter, the chicks were shared into 4 treatment groups. Group A (<em>Astragalus</em> extract); Group B (levamisole); Group C (ascorbic acid) and Group D (Control) of 15 chicks each. Response to ND vaccinations was determined through bleeding to obtain sera for haemagglutination inhibition test at 7 and 14 days except for the second booster with inactivated <em>Komarov</em> vaccine where it was done at 7, 14 and 21 days post vaccination respectively. Antibody titres in the chicks 7 days post first dose of vaccination with <em>La Sota</em> was high in all the treatment groups above the control with 100 % of the chicks having protective antibody titre of ≥4 log₂ until day 30 when the antibody titres in all the groups dropped drastically following the second dose of live <em>La Sota</em> vaccination as the first booster vaccine. However, following the second booster with inactivated Komarov the antibody titres increased in all the treatment groups in comparison to the control especially in groups B and C with GMTs of 5.8 ± 0.19 log₂ and 6.1 ± 0.27 log₂ respectively. We observed that ascorbic acid and Levamisole may have humoral immuno-stimulating effects on vaccinated chickens through yet to be fully explored mechanism. It is recommended that ascorbic acid or levamisole could be used during vaccinations as immuno-stimulating agents to enhance humoral antibody response in vaccinated flocks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100464,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Animal Species","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100043"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772813724000039/pdfft?md5=2d071c1f5f2ea63a01af0967ba30fa4a&pid=1-s2.0-S2772813724000039-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140350024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-feed antiparasitic veterinary drug emamectin benzoate impairs acetylcholinesterase activity and brain tissue histoarchitecture of Oreochromis niloticus fry","authors":"Thangapalam Jawahar Abraham ,&nbsp;Jasmine Singha ,&nbsp;Avishek Bardhan ,&nbsp;Sutanu Karmakar ,&nbsp;Ravindran Rajisha ,&nbsp;Satyen Kumar Panda ,&nbsp;Prasanna Kumar Patil","doi":"10.1016/j.eas.2024.100042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eas.2024.100042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Emamectin benzoate (EB) is an antiparasitic veterinary drug in temperate aquaculture to control ectoparasites. Research on its safety, tolerability and toxicity in tropical aquaculture is growing recently. This study examined the neurological and brain histopathological effects and the accumulation of tissue residues in all-male <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em> fry when fed top-coated EB feeds containing doses ranging from 50 to 500 µg/kg biomass/day for 14 days. A dose-dependent increase in mortalities (3.33–13.75 %) and inhibition in acetylcholinesterase activity (43.80–83.52 %) were documented. In the<!--> <!-->50-µg group, the muscle EB-residues peaked at 2.77 ng/g and then dropped after dose<!--> <!-->termination. Yet, traces of residues were demonstrable in the treated groups even after 21 days of cessation of EB feeding. Histologically, dose-dependent alterations like granular layer degeneration, spongiosis, necrotized areas in the stratum album centrale, stratum griserum centrale stratum griseum superficiale, and stratum marginale and stratum opticum degeneration in the brain tissues were documented. The neuron cells were scattered or degenerated and stretched with a shrunken nucleus in the treated groups. The revocable alterations in acetylcholinesterase and brain histoarchitecture upon the termination of dosing indicated that the fry can able to tolerate and mount adaptive responses to overcome the EB toxicity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100464,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Animal Species","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100042"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772813724000027/pdfft?md5=5782446c698f877811d525ae5bd0337e&pid=1-s2.0-S2772813724000027-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139635155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serological, bacteriological, and molecular detection of brucellosis in pigs of Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"P. Preena ,&nbsp;B.S.M. Ronald ,&nbsp;S. Balakrishnan ,&nbsp;M. Murugan ,&nbsp;Anbu Kumar K. ,&nbsp;P.I. Ganesan","doi":"10.1016/j.eas.2024.100041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eas.2024.100041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Brucellosis caused by the facultative intracellular bacteria of the genus <em>Brucella</em> is associated with huge economic and zoonotic implications worldwide. The disease is among the top priority zoonosis for integrated “one health” approach and has gained wide attention in developed countries. Epidemiological data on brucellosis in ruminants is readily available; however, reports on swine brucellosis remain scanty. Hence, the present study has been undertaken to assess the endemicity of brucellosis in the swine population of Tamil Nadu, India and to identify the infecting <em>Brucella</em> species using conventional bacteriological and molecular techniques. The apparent seroprevalence of brucellosis in pig farms were assessed by RBPT and indirect ELISA (i-ELISA) as 5.2 per cent and 10.1 per cent respectively. There was a moderate agreement between the RBPT and i-ELISA results (Cohen’s kappa coefficient (κ) = 0.512, percent agreement = 93 per cent) Six <em>Brucella</em> isolates could be obtained from various samples; biovar typing by biochemical and molecular methods revealed <em>B. suis</em> biovar 1 as the most prevalent type among swine population in Tamil Nadu. Thus, the determination of <em>Brucella</em> biovar in swine is an important step for epidemiologic characterization of the disease to design the control and eradication strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100464,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Animal Species","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100041"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772813724000015/pdfft?md5=30f39dfa767d5ee2877c3759536561c9&pid=1-s2.0-S2772813724000015-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139549392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Zenga cattle of Uganda: Insights from morphometric measurements","authors":"Joseph Kibuye Masaba ,&nbsp;Brian Martin Babigumira ,&nbsp;Donald Rugira Kugonza ,&nbsp;Denis Mpairwe","doi":"10.1016/j.eas.2023.100040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eas.2023.100040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ankole Longhorn (ALH), Nganda (NGA) and Small East African Shorthorn Zebu (SEAZ) are indigenous Ugandan cattle and poorly characterized. The ancestry of ALH is traced to lateral horned Zebu and indigenous African long horned taurine. The ALH and SEAZ are parent breeds of NGA. Therefore, the current study aimed at phenotypic characterization of Nganda (NGA) and Teso Zebu (TSZ) in Uganda. Data were collected on 41 variables including geographic location, breed and morphometric measurements. A sample of 129 NGA from central and 63 TSZ from eastern Uganda were studied. Descriptive and inferential statistics were generated. Generally, the NGA was a chest-humped breed akin to its parent breeds. The breed had a solid brown coat and extremities (e.g., hooves) compared to the wide color variation tending to solid black in the TSZ. The NGA had significantly (p &lt; 0.05) higher mean values for all linear body measurements except height at withers. However, all linear measurements except ear length were significantly (p &lt; 0.05) affected by the interaction between breed and sex. The rump profile showed distinct breed differences. Our results demonstrate superiority of NGA over the TSZ in terms of linear traits. These results are pertinent in planning the sustainable utilization of these breeds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100464,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Animal Species","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100040"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772813723000197/pdfft?md5=0d333d62bcc7d638703734d4433f45d1&pid=1-s2.0-S2772813723000197-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139395436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathological and molecular investigations on post-mortem lung samples of goats from Akola region, India","authors":"Vaishali Sarpe ,&nbsp;Bhupesh Kamdi ,&nbsp;Ranjit Ingole ,&nbsp;Sunil Hajare ,&nbsp;Dayaram Suryawanshi ,&nbsp;Sunil Waghmare ,&nbsp;Shailendra Kuralkar","doi":"10.1016/j.eas.2023.100039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eas.2023.100039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pneumonia is one of the important causes of morbidity and mortality in caprines. Although bacterial organisms play important role in the pathology of pneumonia in goats, it has a multifactorial etiology. In the present investigation 480 goat carcasses in Akola, Maharashtra, India, were examined during April to December 2022, for pneumonic lesions and the occurrence was found to be 6.66% (32/480). Pathological and molecular studies were conducted on pneumonic lungs of goat carcasses, these pneumonic lung samples revealed gross lesions like hepatization, consolidation, congestion, and bronchial froth. Histopathologically, pneumonia was categorized as bronchopneumonia (59.375%, 19/32), interstitial pneumonia (28.125%, 9/32), bronchointerstitial pneumonia (9.375%, 3/32), and hydatidosis (3.125%, 1/32). Bronchopneumonia was further subtyped into suppurative (acute) bronchopneumonia (34.375%, 11/32), chronic bronchopneumonia (15.625%, 5/32) and fibrinous bronchopneumonia (9.375%, 3/32). PCR assays identified <em>Mycoplasma</em> spp. (40.62%), <em>C. pseudotuberculosis</em> (9.37%), <em>P. multocida</em> (21.87%), and <em>M. haemolytica</em> (25%) as bacterial etiologies. This study provides novel insights into the occurrence, histopathological classification, and associated bacterial causes of goat pneumonia in the Akola region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100464,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Animal Species","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100039"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772813723000185/pdfft?md5=1d9ad5bfb1c3e749ede1d227f29b0208&pid=1-s2.0-S2772813723000185-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139021540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic utility of intranodular saline lavage in TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR diagnosis of lumpy skin disease","authors":"Ajay Pratap Singh ,&nbsp;Nidhi Dangi ,&nbsp;Prachi Singh ,&nbsp;Vinod Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;Shyama N Prabhu ,&nbsp;Neeraj Kumar Gangwar ,&nbsp;Sanchay Kumar Biswas","doi":"10.1016/j.eas.2023.100037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eas.2023.100037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lumpy skin disease (LSD), caused by the poxvirus lumpy skin disease virus has entered India, causing serious economic consequences for the Indian dairy sector. To evaluate the diagnostic value of intranodular saline lavage in the identification of LSD-infected animals, skin nodule tissue biopsy, intranodular saline lavage, whole blood, and nasal swab specimens were collected simultaneously from LSD-symptomatic animals. TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR was performed targeting the EEV glycoprotein gene (LSDV126) and the results were compared. qPCR analysis could detect LSDV in all the skin nodule tissue biopsy and intranodular saline lavage. The mean cycle threshold (Cq) values of skin nodule tissue biopsy samples (23.94 ± 2.97) were also comparable with intranodular saline lavage (25.23 ± 2.41) samples. Whole blood and nasal swabs have an extremely poor detection rate for PCR-based viral detection.Our findings demonstrate that intranodular saline lavage is an excellent alternative specimen for the detection of LSDV. Taking into consideration, the simplicity of specimen collection, intranodular saline lavage could be adopted in field conditions for accurate LSDV surveillance testing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100464,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Animal Species","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100037"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772813723000161/pdfft?md5=b8709e3dca7f35b44fb1f1e737dc888b&pid=1-s2.0-S2772813723000161-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138610858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplementing urea molasses mineral block improves growth performances and blood biochemical parameters of Mithun calves (Bos frontalis)","authors":"Rebecca SungChinTial ,&nbsp;Tweltar Win ,&nbsp;Min Aung ,&nbsp;Aung Aung ,&nbsp;Khin San Mu ,&nbsp;Yin Yin Kyawt","doi":"10.1016/j.eas.2023.100036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eas.2023.100036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This experiment aimed to determine the effect of urea molasses mineral block (UMMB) supplementation on growth performances and blood biochemical parameters of Mithun calves (<em>Bos frontalis</em>). Ten growing Mithun calves were allocated into two groups (control and UMMB) and the diet including natural grass (50%) and tree forage (50%) was used as basal diet. The Mithun calves from control group were fed only basal diet and calves from treatment group were fed basal diet with supplementation of UMMB. This experiment lasted for 12 weeks and nutrient intakes, digestibility, energy status, body weight gain and blood biochemical parameters were measured. The intakes, digestibilities and digestible intakes of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre, energy intake, energy balance, mineral intake, total weight gain and average daily gain (ADG) were higher (p &lt; 0.05) in UMMB supplemented group than in control group. The serum glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), globulin, calcium, available phosphorus, sodium and potassium concentrations of UMMB supplemented group was also significantly higher (p &lt; 0.05) than those of control group, however the albumin and chloride concentrations were not different (p &gt; 0.05). Thus, UMMB supplementation increased the growth performances and some blood biochemical parameters of growing Mithun calves.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100464,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Animal Species","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100036"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49718086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-processed cassava root meal: A suitable replacement for maize in Japanese quail diet","authors":"Taiwo Ojediran,&nbsp;Oluwashina Busari,&nbsp;Olayemi Olagoke,&nbsp;Adewale Emiola","doi":"10.1016/j.eas.2023.100035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eas.2023.100035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aptness of multi-processed cassava root meal in place of maize was examined using four hundred (4<!--> <!-->0<!--> <!-->0) day-old Japanese quails (<em>Coturnix coturnix japonica</em>) chicks. The quails were randomized to five sets of four replicates each, of 20 quails per replicate. The experiment lasted for 5 weeks. Fresh cassava roots <em>(Manihot esculenta</em>) were rid of extraneous materials, ground to pasty form, and left in the sac for seven days to let out the water content and ferment. The cassava tuber cakes obtained were further sundried to reduce the moisture level. The resulting meal was used to formulate the experimental diet at 0.00%, 25.00%, 50.00%, 75.00%, and 100.00% replacement levels for maize in the diets C1, C2, C3, C4, and C5 respectively. The final weight, weight gain, feed intake, and all hematological parameters were significantly different (p &lt; 0.05). However, Alanine aminotransferase, total protein, triglyceride, and cholesterol were not significantly different (p &gt; 0.05) among the serum biochemistry parameters. Similarly, meat sensory properties were not significantly influenced (p &gt; 0.05) but yolk color, smell, taste, and overall acceptability differ significantly (p &lt; 0.05) for egg sensory properties. The liver, empty gizzard, abdominal fat, and testicle weights were significantly different (p &lt; 0.05). The results obtained suggest that maize can totally (100%) be replaced with multi-processed cassava root meal in the diets of Japanese quails because the feed conversion ratio was not affected, the birds were not anemic, serum metabolites were not adversely influenced and meat sensory properties were not affected. In addition, egg organoleptic showed that yolk color, smell, and taste were improved.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100464,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Animal Species","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100035"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49718081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transfer of cooled llama embryos obtained from synchronized females","authors":"Enzo German Zampini ,&nbsp;María Fernanda Veiga ,&nbsp;Claudia Cecilia Arraztoa ,&nbsp;María Florencia Gallelli ,&nbsp;Evangelina Moncalvo ,&nbsp;Mariana Carla Gambarotta ,&nbsp;Deborah Margarita Neild ,&nbsp;Marcelo Horacio Miragaya ,&nbsp;Virginia Luz Trasorras","doi":"10.1016/j.eas.2023.100034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eas.2023.100034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study evaluated the efficiency of a synchronization protocol based on GnRH and PGF_2α on embryo donor llamas for fixed timed mating and assessed the viability of embryos maintained at 5 °C and 15 °C for 24 h, using the Equitainer® and the Botu-BOX® as cooling devices respectively. Llamas were divided into four follicular wave groups: growth, dominance, static and regression; they received a GnRH analogue on day 0 followed by a second dose plus cloprostenol on day 8 and 15 and mating was indicated in females with a follicle ≥ 6 mm. Embryos were recovered 8 days post mating. Synchronization rate was 80% for the treated embryo donors, with no significant differences among groups. Uterine flushing was performed in 70% of the treated females (87.5% of mated llamas) and an embryo was recovered in 50%. Fourteen embryos were assigned randomly to 5 °C (Equitainer® group) and 15 °C (Botu-BOX® group) preservation for 24 h to be transferred later. In the Equitainer® group, we obtained 14% pregnancies and a female offspring was born. In the Botu-BOX® group, 28% resulted pregnant but subsequently pregnancies were lost. This protocol was effective for synchronizing follicles in growth phase in 80% of embryo donor llamas. In addition, cooling llama embryos using the Equitainer® and the Botu-BOX® as cooling devices to 5 °C and 15 °C respectively, preserves its morphology and viability for 24 h.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100464,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Animal Species","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100034"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49718090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}