Electromagnetic Science最新文献_第5页

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: Design, Implementation, and Practical Demonstration 可重构智能曲面：设计、实现和实际演示

Electromagnetic Science Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.23919/emsci.2022.0011

Yijun Feng;Qi Hu;Kai Qu;Weixu Yang;Yilin Zheng;Ke Chen

{"title":"Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: Design, Implementation, and Practical Demonstration","authors":"Yijun Feng;Qi Hu;Kai Qu;Weixu Yang;Yilin Zheng;Ke Chen","doi":"10.23919/emsci.2022.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/emsci.2022.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Metasurfaces, ultrathin two-dimensional version of metamaterials, have attracted tremendous attention due to their exotic capabilities to freely manipulate electromagnetic waves. By incorporating various tunable materials or elements into metasurface designs, reconfigurable metasurfaces and related metadevices with functionalities controlled by external stimuli can be realized, opening a new avenue to achieving dynamic manipulation of electromagnetic waves. Recently, based on the tunable metasurface concept, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have received significant attention and have been regarded as a promising emerging technology for future wireless communication due to their potential to enhance the capacity and coverage of wireless networks by smartly reconfiguring the wireless propagation environment. Here, in this article, we first focus on technical issues of RIS system implementation by reviewing the existing research contributions, paying special attention to designs in the microwave regime. Then, we showcase our recent attempts to practically demonstrate RIS systems in real-world applications, including deploying reflective RIS systems in indoor scenarios to enhance the wireless network coverage and utilizing intelligent omni-metasurfaces to improve both indoor and through-wall wireless communication quality. Finally, we give our own perspectives on possible future directions and existing challenges for RISs toward a truly commercial intelligent technology platform.","PeriodicalId":100402,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Science","volume":"1 2","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/10105875/10226314/10238370.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50280338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Recent Progress on the Maxwell's Equations for Describing a Mechano-Driven Medium System with Multiple Moving Objects/Media 描述具有多个运动物体/介质的机械驱动介质系统的Maxwell方程的最新进展

Electromagnetic Science Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.23919/emsci.2023.0017

Zhong Lin Wang;Jiajia Shao

{"title":"Recent Progress on the Maxwell's Equations for Describing a Mechano-Driven Medium System with Multiple Moving Objects/Media","authors":"Zhong Lin Wang;Jiajia Shao","doi":"10.23919/emsci.2023.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/emsci.2023.0017","url":null,"abstract":"Maxwell's equations for a mechano-driven media system (MEs-f-MDMS) have been used to characterize the electromagnetism of multi-slow-moving media that may be accelerated with complex trajectories. Such an approach starts from the integral forms of the four physics laws and is different from the classical approach of using the Lorentz transformation for correlating the electromagnetic phenomena observed in two inertial reference frames with relative motion. The governing equations inside the moving object/medium are the MEs-f-MDMS, and those in vacuum are the classical Maxwell's equations; the full solutions of both reconcile at the medium surface/interface and satisfy the boundary conditions. This paper reviews the background, physical principle, and mathematical derivations for formulating the MEs-f-MDMS. Strategies are also presented for mathematically solving the MEs-f-MDMS. The unique advances made by the MEs-f-MDMS have been systematically summarized, as are their potential applications in engineering. We found that the Lorentz transformation is perfect for treating the electromagnetic phenomena of moving point charges in vacuum; however, for moving objects, the covariance of Maxwell's equations may not hold, and use of the MEs-f-MDMS may be required if the velocity is low. Finally, recent advances for treating the boundary conditions at the nanoscale without assuming an abrupt boundary are also reviewed.","PeriodicalId":100402,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Science","volume":"1 2","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/10105875/10226314/10238367.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50280337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electric Field Measurement and Application Based on Rydberg Atoms 基于里德伯原子的电场测量及其应用

Electromagnetic Science Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.23919/emsci.2022.0015

Bang Liu;Lihua Zhang;Zongkai Liu;Zian Deng;Dongsheng Ding;Baosen Shi;Guangcan Guo

{"title":"Electric Field Measurement and Application Based on Rydberg Atoms","authors":"Bang Liu;Lihua Zhang;Zongkai Liu;Zian Deng;Dongsheng Ding;Baosen Shi;Guangcan Guo","doi":"10.23919/emsci.2022.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/emsci.2022.0015","url":null,"abstract":"Microwave sensing offers important applications in areas such as data communication and remote sensing. It has thus received much attention from academia, industry, and governments. Atomic wireless sensing uses the strong response of the large electric dipole moment of a Rydberg atom in response to an external field to achieve precise measurement of a radio frequency (RF) signal. This method offers advantages over traditional wireless sensing including ultrawide energy level transitions, which makes it responsive to RF electric fields over a wide bandwidth. Here, we briefly review the progress of electric field measurement based on Rydberg atoms. We discuss the properties of Rydberg atoms, measurement using Rydberg atoms, experimental progress in electric field measurement of different bands, and different methods for detecting electric fields (such as atomic superheterodyne, machine learning, and critically enhanced measurement). The development of Rydberg atomic measurement focuses on the advantages of Rydberg atomic sensing, especially when compared to conventional microwave receivers. This work is of major significance to developing Rydberg-based measurements in astronomy, remote sensing, and other fields.","PeriodicalId":100402,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Science","volume":"1 2","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/10105875/10226314/10238372.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50402285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Wideband Microstrip Antenna in Small Volume Without Using Fundamental Mode 不使用基模的小体积宽带微带天线

Electromagnetic Science Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.23919/emsci.2023.0007

Yongjian Zhang;Yue Li

{"title":"Wideband Microstrip Antenna in Small Volume Without Using Fundamental Mode","authors":"Yongjian Zhang;Yue Li","doi":"10.23919/emsci.2023.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/emsci.2023.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Microstrip antennas are of significant interest and extensively utilized in communication systems because of their unique low profile. However, the general difficulty in microstrip antenna design lies in its wideband electromagnetic radiation within a low-profile structure. To enhance the bandwidth, superposing the fundamental mode and other high-order modes is the most common method, but this occupies a larger footprint than regular narrow-band modes. Here, as a counterintuitive way to broaden the bandwidth, a wideband miniaturized microstrip antenna is proposed by using two high-order modes. The avoidance of the fundamental mode allows for footprint miniaturization without decreasing the bandwidth, providing a different but feasible design strategy for wideband microstrip antennas. Compared with other microstrip antennas at the same profile, the proposed antenna achieves wider bandwidth and a smaller footprint. The experimental result shows a bandwidth of 4.81-6.01 GHz is achieved with a volume of 0.47 ×0.47 × 0.043 λ\u0000<inf>0</inf>\u0000<sup>3</sup>\u0000, where λ\u0000<inf>0</inf>\u0000represents the in-vacuum wavelength at the center frequency. Therefore, the proposed design provides an effective solution to the intrinsic contradiction between wideband electromagnetic radiation and compact antenna dimensions, not only in a low profile but in a small footprint, contributing to the fundamental development of microstrip antennas.","PeriodicalId":100402,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Science","volume":"1 2","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/10105875/10226314/10238368.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50280335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Frequency Tunable Liquid Cavity Bandpass Filter 一种频率可调谐的液腔带通滤波器

Electromagnetic Science Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.23919/emsci.2022.0006

Guoxuan Zhang;Lei Xing;Qian Xu;Yongjiu Zhao;Chaoyun Song;Yi Huang

{"title":"A Frequency Tunable Liquid Cavity Bandpass Filter","authors":"Guoxuan Zhang;Lei Xing;Qian Xu;Yongjiu Zhao;Chaoyun Song;Yi Huang","doi":"10.23919/emsci.2022.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/emsci.2022.0006","url":null,"abstract":"A liquid-loaded frequency tunable cavity bandpass filter (BPF) is presented. A dielectric fluidic material, dimethyl silicone oil (DSO) with excellent thermophysical characteristics (working temperature from -50 °C to 180 °C) and extremely low loss tangent is employed as a dielectric loading. The frequency reconfigurability of the proposed design is realized by altering the liquid level inside the cavity resonator. The filter achieves a wide frequency tuning range as well as a high Q factor. Moreover, this design shows significantly improved environmental suitability in extreme temperature cases, outperforming the existing microfluidic-based RF devices using water or liquid metals. A four-pole tunable cavity bandpass filter is designed and verified. A cross-coupling structure comprising a metal loop structure is used to introduce transmission zeros in the proposed filter, which enhances the skirt selectivity and out-of-band rejections. We demonstrate that the center frequency of the proposed BPF can be tuned from 4.92 GHz to 6.16 GHz, and the filter achieves a high Q factor between 521 and 1527. The measured results agree well with simulated results.","PeriodicalId":100402,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Science","volume":"1 2","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/10105875/10226314/10238369.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50280334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Revealing the Transformation Invariance of Full-Parameter Omnidirectional Invisibility Cloaks 全参数全向隐形衣变换不变性的揭示

Electromagnetic Science Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.23919/emsci.2023.0009

Bin Zheng;Huan Lu;Chao Qian;Dexin Ye;Yu Luo;Hongsheng Chen

{"title":"Revealing the Transformation Invariance of Full-Parameter Omnidirectional Invisibility Cloaks","authors":"Bin Zheng;Huan Lu;Chao Qian;Dexin Ye;Yu Luo;Hongsheng Chen","doi":"10.23919/emsci.2023.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/emsci.2023.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Searching for an optimal solution among many nonunique answers provided by transformation optics is critical for many branches of research, such as the burgeoning research on invisibility cloaks. The past decades have witnessed rapid development of transformation optics, and different kinds of invisibility cloaks have been designed and implemented. However, the available cloaks realized thus far have been mostly demonstrated with reduced parameters, which greatly impact the predefined cloaking performance. Here, we report a general design strategy to realize full-parameter omnidirectional cloaks that can hide arbitrarily shaped objects in free space. Our approach combines a singular transformation with transformation-in-variant metamaterials. The cloaking device with extreme parameters is implemented using a metallic array structure. In the experiment, two cloak samples are designed and fabricated, one with nondiscrete cloaking regions and the other with separated hidden regions. Near-unit transmission of electromagnetic waves with arbitrary incident angles is experimentally demonstrated along with significantly suppressed scattering. Our work challenges the prevailing paradigms of invisibility cloaks and provides deep insight into how transformation optics could be harnessed to obtain easily-accessible metadevices.","PeriodicalId":100402,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Science","volume":"1 2","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/10105875/10226314/10238371.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50402284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electromagnetic Metamaterials: From Classical to Quantum 电磁超材料：从经典到量子

Electromagnetic Science Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.23919/emsci.2022.0005

Jianwei You;Qian Ma;Lei Zhang;Che Liu;Jianan Zhang;Shuo Liu;Tiejun Cui

{"title":"Electromagnetic Metamaterials: From Classical to Quantum","authors":"Jianwei You;Qian Ma;Lei Zhang;Che Liu;Jianan Zhang;Shuo Liu;Tiejun Cui","doi":"10.23919/emsci.2022.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/emsci.2022.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Electromagnetic (EM) metamaterials are artificially engineered materials with extraordinary EM properties beyond the limit of existing natural materials; thus, they have been widely used to manipulate the amplitude, phase, polarization, frequency, wave vector, waveform, and other degrees of freedom of EM waves in many practical applications. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in this flourishing field of EM metamaterials, first from the perspectives of the classical regime and then the quantum regime. More specifically, in the classical regime, traditional EM metamaterials are based on effective medium theory, and they have limitations of fixed functionalities and an inability to control EM waves in real time. To overcome these restrictions, information metamaterials, including digital coding and field-programmable metamaterials, have recently been proposed to enable real-time manipulation of EM waves based on the theory of information science. By taking advantage of information metamaterials and artificial intelligence, another crucial milestone of intelligent metamaterials has been achieved in the development of classical metamaterials. After overviewing EM metamaterials in the classical regime, we discuss cutting-edge studies of EM metamaterials in the quantum regime, namely, topological metamaterials and quantum metamaterials. These nonclassical metamaterials show excellent ability to flexibly manipulate the quantum states, and they extend the classical information metamaterials into the field of quantum information science. At the end of this review, we will give some conclusions and perspectives on this fast-evolving field.","PeriodicalId":100402,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/10105875/10105876/10105855.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50330154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Multimode Resonator Technique in Antennas: A Review 天线中的多模谐振技术综述

Electromagnetic Science Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.23919/emsci.2022.0004

Lei Zhu;Nengwu Liu

{"title":"Multimode Resonator Technique in Antennas: A Review","authors":"Lei Zhu;Nengwu Liu","doi":"10.23919/emsci.2022.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/emsci.2022.0004","url":null,"abstract":"During the past several decades, the multimode resonator (MMR) technique has been extensively investigated and widely used, with successful exploration of a variety of high-performance patch antennas, slot antennas, dielectric resonant antennas, dipole antennas, and so on. In this review paper, we summarize the research milestones for these MMR antennas worldwide as one of the most contributive research teams in this field. First, the basic working principles of the MMR technique are clearly illustrated and studied, including mode excitation, mode suppression, impedance performance improvement, and radiation performance improvement. Next, the research topics regarding impedance performance enhancement, i.e., wide-bandwidth operation, multibandwidth operation, and mutual coupling reduction, based on the MMR method are intensively described. After that, the relevant works on radiation performance enhancement, i.e., high-gain, wide-beamwidth, multibeam, multipolarization, low-cross-polarization, filtering-response, and leaky-wave antennas, based on the MMR method are extensively illustrated. By using this technique, several ideas about operating frequency reallocation, electric-field null control, radiation pattern reshaping, and efficiency null generation of the antennas are proposed and demonstrated by our team for the first time. In addition, the application of the MMR technique for wireless communication systems is introduced and presented, such as implant communication, wireless power transfer, and multiple-input multiple-output communication. With these arrangements, exploration and reporting of more interesting and useful MMR design methods can be anticipated in the future.","PeriodicalId":100402,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/10105875/10105876/10105879.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50330158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Differential Antennas: Fundamentals and Applications 差分天线：基础与应用

Electromagnetic Science Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.23919/emsci.2022.0002

Yueping Zhang

{"title":"Differential Antennas: Fundamentals and Applications","authors":"Yueping Zhang","doi":"10.23919/emsci.2022.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/emsci.2022.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Driven by the great demand for highly integrated wireless system-on-chip and system-in-package devices, there has recently been increasing interest in the research and development of differential antennas. Many studies on the design, analysis, and measurement of differential antennas have been published. This paper presents an overview of the fundamentals and applications of differential antennas. First, it compares differential to balanced and single-ended to unbalanced antennas and explains why the new terms (differential and single-ended antennas) should be adopted instead of the old terms (balanced and unbalanced antennas). Second, it addresses the quantitative relationship between a differential antenna and its single-ended counterpart, which is important and useful because the properties of either the differential or single-ended antenna can be determined from the other with a known solution. Third, it describes how differential antennas can be measured, with a special emphasis on the balun method. Fourth, it classifies differential antennas into wire, slot, microstrip, printed, and dielectric resonator antennas to better present their suitability and functionality. Fifth, it provides application examples of differential antennas from simple discrete wire to sophisticated microstrip designs. Finally, it is argued that the old paradigms of lower gains and bulkier sizes of differential antennas as compared to single-ended antennas do not always hold true; for instance, differential microstrip patch antennas can possess comparable or even smaller sizes and higher gain values than single-ended microstrip patch antennas.","PeriodicalId":100402,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/10105875/10105876/10105878.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50330157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Pulse Generation and Compression Techniques for Microwave Electronics and Ultrafast Systems 用于微波电子和超快系统的脉冲产生和压缩技术

Electromagnetic Science Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.23919/emsci.2022.0013

Ke Wu;MuhibUr Rahman

{"title":"Pulse Generation and Compression Techniques for Microwave Electronics and Ultrafast Systems","authors":"Ke Wu;MuhibUr Rahman","doi":"10.23919/emsci.2022.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/emsci.2022.0013","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrabroadband systems and ultrafast electronics require the generation, transmission, and processing of high-quality ultrashort pulses ranging from nanoseconds (ns) to picoseconds (ps), which include well-established and emerging applications of time-domain reflectometry, arbitrary waveform generation, sampling oscilloscopes, frequency synthesis, through-wall radar imaging, indoor communication, radar surveillance, and medical radar detection. Impulse radar advancements in industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) domains are, for example, driven by ns-scale-defined ultrawideband (UWB) technologies. Nevertheless, the generation of ultrashort ps-scale pulses is highly desired to achieve unprecedented performances in all these applications and future systems. However, due to the variety and applicability of different pulse generation and compression techniques, the selection of optimum or appropriate pulse generators and compressors is difficult for practitioners and users. To this end, this article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of ultrashort ns and ps pulse generation and compression techniques. The proposed and developed pulse generators available in the literature and on the market, which are characterized by their corresponding pros and cons, are also explored. The theoretical analysis of pulse generation using a nonlinear transmission line (NLTL) presented in the literature is briefly explained as well. Additionally, a holistic overview of these pulse generators from the perspective of applications is given to describe their utilization in practical systems. All of these techniques are well summarized and compared in terms of fundamental pulse parameters, and research gaps in specified areas are highlighted. A thorough discussion of previous research work on various topologies and techniques is presented, and potential future directions for technical advancement are examined.","PeriodicalId":100402,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/10105875/10105876/10105880.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50330320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1