Electromagnetic Science最新文献

All-Metal Coding Metasurface Stirrers for Next Generation Reverberation Chambers: Breaking Lowest Usable Frequency and Working Volume Limitations 用于下一代混响室的全金属编码超表面搅拌器：打破最低可用频率和工作体积限制

Electromagnetic Science Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-06 DOI: 10.23919/emsci.2025.0013

Ru Wang;Wenjun Xia;Dongjue Liu;Liangliang Liu;Qian Xu;Peng Hu;Yu Luo;Zhuo Li

{"title":"All-Metal Coding Metasurface Stirrers for Next Generation Reverberation Chambers: Breaking Lowest Usable Frequency and Working Volume Limitations","authors":"Ru Wang;Wenjun Xia;Dongjue Liu;Liangliang Liu;Qian Xu;Peng Hu;Yu Luo;Zhuo Li","doi":"10.23919/emsci.2025.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/emsci.2025.0013","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards demands reverberation chambers (RCs) with superior field uniformity and high spatial efficiency. While metasurface-based stirrers are emerging as compact alternatives to traditional Z-shaped mechanical stirrers, their metal-dielectric-metal architectures suffer from dielectric-induced Q-factor degradation (typically less than <tex>$10^{3}$</tex>) and inefficient low-frequency mode stirring. Here, we present a paradigm-shifting all-metal coding metasurface stirrer (CMSS) that synergizes Pancharatnam-Berry phase modulation with stochastic coding optimization. This innovation achieves three-fold metrics: reduction of the lowest usable frequency (LUF) through optimized coding sequences; expansion of the working volume (WV) via a low-profile CMSS design; and sustainment of Q-factors with dielectric-free CMSSs. Experimental validation using three CMSS units in a <tex>$1.2 mathrm{m}times 0.8 mathrm{m}times 1.2 mathrm{m}$</tex> aluminum chamber demonstrates an 11.2% LUF reduction, a 78.9% WV expansion, and the sustainment of Q-factor of <tex>$10^{3}-10^{4}$</tex>. These breakthroughs position CMSS as a cornerstone technology for 5G New Radio Frequency Range 1 (410–7125 MHz) and automotive EMC testing (ISO 11452–4), enabling more efficient, compact, multi-standard compliant RCs for advanced EMC testing.","PeriodicalId":100402,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Science","volume":"4 1","pages":"0130132-1-0130132-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11511437","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147827648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Programmable Metasurface-Empowered Secure Multi-Party Communication with Threshold Cryptography 具有阈值密码学的可编程元表面授权安全多方通信

Electromagnetic Science Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-06 DOI: 10.23919/emsci.2025.0049

Jie Tian;Zhenfei Li;Chong He;Qingqing Wu;Liming Si;Weiren Zhu

{"title":"Programmable Metasurface-Empowered Secure Multi-Party Communication with Threshold Cryptography","authors":"Jie Tian;Zhenfei Li;Chong He;Qingqing Wu;Liming Si;Weiren Zhu","doi":"10.23919/emsci.2025.0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/emsci.2025.0049","url":null,"abstract":"The expansion of high-speed wireless networks and increasing reliance on connectivity necessitate advanced security beyond traditional software encryption. Programmable metasurface-assisted secret sharing cryptography offers the opportunity of joint software- and physical-layer encryption but requires all secret fragments for decryption, which compromises system robustness and secure communication continuity in adversarial scenarios. To address these challenges, we introduce a secure multiparty communication architecture integrating threshold secret sharing with dynamic beam manipulation. At the software layer, the secret is divided into shares using a threshold cryptography scheme, with the decryption threshold adjusting dynamically to security needs, allowing reconstruction only with authorized subsets of participants. Simultaneously, the metasurface disperses cryptographic shares spatially via beamforming and spectral control, ensuring intercepted channels provide only non-decryptable fragments. The system enables secret reconstruction without needing all fragments, and decryption occurs when the number of available shares meets a pre-defined threshold. This fault-tolerant design ensures operational continuity even with partial share loss, enhancing communication reliability and system resilience in adversarial conditions. Experiments demonstrate the system's superior adaptability, capacity, and fault tolerance. By combining cryptographic protocols with real-time electromagnetic control, this research advances the development of next-generation secure wireless networks, facilitating robust multiparty communications even in hostile environments.","PeriodicalId":100402,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Science","volume":"4 1","pages":"0130492-1-0130492-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11511438","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147827641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Space-Frequency Multiplexing Wireless Communication Based on a Single-Layer Dual-Band Programmable Metasurface 基于单层双带可编程超表面的空频复用无线通信

Electromagnetic Science Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-06 DOI: 10.23919/emsci.2025.0048

Yining Zheng;Lei Zhang;Bingbing Zhu;Xiaoqing Chen;Haotian Shi;Shi He;Shuo Liu;Tiejun Cui

{"title":"Space-Frequency Multiplexing Wireless Communication Based on a Single-Layer Dual-Band Programmable Metasurface","authors":"Yining Zheng;Lei Zhang;Bingbing Zhu;Xiaoqing Chen;Haotian Shi;Shi He;Shuo Liu;Tiejun Cui","doi":"10.23919/emsci.2025.0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/emsci.2025.0048","url":null,"abstract":"Programmable metasurfaces (PMs) have significantly advanced electromagnetic (EM) wave manipulation by enabling real-time and digital reconfigurability. However, the current PM designs encounter challenges in achieving independent multi-band controls while keeping structural simplicity. Here, we propose a novel single-layer, dual-band PM based on staggered subwavelength structures. The design enables simultaneous and independent 1-bit phase controls in both the X- and Ku-bands within a simplified single-layer architecture. Both simulations and experimental results verify that the proposed PM exhibits minimal inter-band coupling. A prototype of PM is fabricated, demonstrating dual-band EM wave manipulation in both spatial and temporal domains through space-coding and space-time-coding strategies. We construct a space-frequency multiplexing wireless communication system using the proposed PM. This system is capable of establishing concurrent dual-band wireless links between distributed transceivers. The system enables selective disconnection of one frequency band while maintaining reliable connectivity on the other, as validated by the indoor experiments. The proposed design offers promising potential for next-generation reconfigurable wireless communication and radar systems that require simultaneous multi-frequency operations.","PeriodicalId":100402,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Science","volume":"4 1","pages":"0130482-1-0130482-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11511451","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147827652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wideband Multi-Mode Tracking Using Near-Field Global-Correlation Method 基于近场全局相关方法的宽带多模跟踪

Electromagnetic Science Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-06 DOI: 10.23919/emsci.2025.0051

Xichong You;Chengtian Gao;Fenghan Lin

{"title":"Wideband Multi-Mode Tracking Using Near-Field Global-Correlation Method","authors":"Xichong You;Chengtian Gao;Fenghan Lin","doi":"10.23919/emsci.2025.0051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/emsci.2025.0051","url":null,"abstract":"A near-field global-correlation method is proposed for accurate tracking of a larger number of dense characteristic modes in a large bandwidth. By using characteristic near-field patterns instead of conventional eigen-vectors or far-field patterns, the information stored in the rapid change of surface currents and the near-field evanescent waves is fully leveraged, thereby enriching the information of the mode database for accurate mode-tracking at the data level. To make full use of the enriched mode information, a global-correlation algorithm is proposed to correlate both the rows and columns of the correlation matrix, rather than conventional local correlation that concerns only the rows or the columns. The proposed method is validated by four examples of different complexities, including a rectangular plate, a bow-tie plate, a ground-backed fractal patch, and a ground-backed metasurface. As a result, both the bandwidth and accuracy of multi-mode tracking are significantly improved, as characterized by the bandwidth and the number of modes tracked without mode-swapping or mode-missing.","PeriodicalId":100402,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Science","volume":"4 1","pages":"0130512-1-0130512-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11511433","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147827663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quasi-Bound States in the Continuum of Localized Spoof Surface Plasmons Transverse Magnetic Modes 局域欺骗表面等离子体横向磁模连续体中的准束缚态

Electromagnetic Science Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-06 DOI: 10.23919/emsci.2025.0018

Si-Qi Li;Ming-Zhe Chong;Feng Zhang;Ji-Tao Yang;Chao-Hai Du

{"title":"Quasi-Bound States in the Continuum of Localized Spoof Surface Plasmons Transverse Magnetic Modes","authors":"Si-Qi Li;Ming-Zhe Chong;Feng Zhang;Ji-Tao Yang;Chao-Hai Du","doi":"10.23919/emsci.2025.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/emsci.2025.0018","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, quasi-bound states in the continuum (quasi-BICs) of localized spoof surface plasmons (LSSPs) have been developed on several metasurfaces with broken symmetry, which have high quality factors (<tex>$Q$</tex>-factors) because of low radiation loss. They are transverse electric (TE) modes. In this paper, the quasi-BICs of LSSPs transverse magnetic (TM) modes are realized on a nonparallel circular grating metasurface with a linearly polarized plane wave. When the circular gratings are placed in parallel, the LSSPs TM modes on the metasurface cannot be excited by the plane wave, because they are true-BICs protected by rotational symmetry; when the circular gratings are mechanically reconfigured to be nonparallel, owing to the asymmetry of the structure, the LSSPs TM modes turn into quasi-BICs from the true-BICs and can be excited. Owing to the strong coupling between the circular gratings in the vertical coupling configuration, the quasi-BICs of the LSSPs TM modes have higher <tex>$Q$</tex>-factors compared with the quasi-BICs of the LSSPs TE modes. An experiment was conducted and the <tex>$Q$</tex>-factor of <tex>$text{TM}_{2.1}$</tex> was measured to be 305.0. This study provides a new idea for developing LSSPs with low radiation loss. It also extends the LSSPs from two-dimensional to three-dimensional, and brings new potential of transformation.","PeriodicalId":100402,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Science","volume":"4 1","pages":"0130182-1-0130182-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11511434","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147827664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wireless Charging of Electric Kick-Scooters Using Metasurface-Based Resonator Approach 基于超表面谐振器的电动踏板车无线充电

Electromagnetic Science Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-06 DOI: 10.23919/emsci.2025.0083

Pavel Smirnov;Polina Terenteva;Alexander Zolotarev;Andrey Kuzmichev;Eugene Koreshin;Jackson J. Justo;Galina Demidova;Polina Kapitanova

{"title":"Wireless Charging of Electric Kick-Scooters Using Metasurface-Based Resonator Approach","authors":"Pavel Smirnov;Polina Terenteva;Alexander Zolotarev;Andrey Kuzmichev;Eugene Koreshin;Jackson J. Justo;Galina Demidova;Polina Kapitanova","doi":"10.23919/emsci.2025.0083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/emsci.2025.0083","url":null,"abstract":"Today, the electromobility sector is increasingly dominated by electric kick-scooters (EKSs), valued for their convenience, affordability, and ease of use. Integrating wireless power transfer (WPT) technology with EKS operations is crucial for developing scalable charging infrastructure in both urban and rural areas. This paper presents a novel WPT system for EKSs charging that operates at 6.78 MHz and uses a metasurface-based resonator (MBR) as the transmitter and a shielded rectangular spiral coil as the receiver, separated by a 100 mm air gap. Through the full-wave numerical simulations, the system's electromagnetic compatibility and compliance with international safety standards regarding human exposure to electromagnetic fields are assessed. A prototype is fabricated and experimentally validated, demonstrating RF-RF power transfer efficiency of 78% under perfect alignment of the transmitter and receiver. The robustness of the WPT system is tested against lateral and angular misalignment, revealing a graceful degradation in performance; for instance, a 10% reduction in efficiency was observed for misalignment of 120 mm along the <tex>$x$</tex>-axis and 60 mm along the <tex>$y$</tex>-axis. These findings confirm the high efficiency, misalignment robustness, and exposure safety of the proposed WPT system, underscoring its strong potential for real-world EKSs charging applications.","PeriodicalId":100402,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Science","volume":"4 1","pages":"0130832-1-0130832-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11511431","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147827646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Observation of Fractional Disclination Charges Induced by Gain and Loss 由增益和损失引起的分数偏差电荷的观察

Electromagnetic Science Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-06 DOI: 10.23919/emsci.2025.0054

Ruifeng Li;Rimi Banerjee;Subhaskar Mandal;Da Li;Yang Long;Tianchi Ma;Jian-Wei Liu;Gui-Geng Liu;Yidong Chong;Baile Zhang;Er-Ping Li

{"title":"Observation of Fractional Disclination Charges Induced by Gain and Loss","authors":"Ruifeng Li;Rimi Banerjee;Subhaskar Mandal;Da Li;Yang Long;Tianchi Ma;Jian-Wei Liu;Gui-Geng Liu;Yidong Chong;Baile Zhang;Er-Ping Li","doi":"10.23919/emsci.2025.0054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/emsci.2025.0054","url":null,"abstract":"Fractional charge, a hallmark of modern electric polarization theory, provides a topological framework for understanding quantized polarization. It has only recently been recognized that real-space topological defects, such as disclinations, can further modify charge fractionalization, as an interplay between momentum-space and real-space topologies. So far, all the demonstrated mechanisms that lead to fractional disclination charges have been limited to Hermitian or energy-conserved systems. Although the non-Hermiticity has theoretically been predicted as a new route to modifying fractional disclination charge, experimental evidence remains lacking, mainly because of the challenges in measuring biorthogonal bases and precisely controlling gain/loss. Here, on a circuit metamaterial platform, we experimentally demonstrate the fractional disclination charge modification solely by manipulating the gain/loss. In experiments, negative resistors are employed as on-site gain, while positive ones as on-site loss. By measuring admittance and calculating the local density of states, we observe the topological disclination states and the associated fractionalized disclination charge. Moreover, by precisely tuning the spatial distribution of gain and loss, we observe a transition in disclination charge from fractional to integer values, which coincided with the vanishing of localized disclination states and a topological phase transition from nontrivial to trivial. Our experimental observations demonstrate a distinctive interplay between non-Hermiticity and real-space topological defects.","PeriodicalId":100402,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Science","volume":"4 1","pages":"0130542-1-0130542-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11511435","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147827667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Super-Resolution Imaging for Ultrawideband Radar via Generalized Atomic Norm Minimization with GTD Modality Demixing 基于广义原子范数最小化和GTD模态分解的超宽带雷达超分辨成像

Electromagnetic Science Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.23919/emsci.2025.0019

Rui Li;Xueqian Wang;Gang Li;You He;Xiao-Ping Zhang

引用次数: 0

High-Efficiency Deca-Band Foldable Smartphone Antenna Using Quarter-Wavelength Parasitic Branch 基于四分之一波长寄生支路的高效十波段可折叠智能手机天线

Electromagnetic Science Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.23919/emsci.2025.0030

Xinnan Liu;Yan Wang;Letian Guo;Feng Xu

{"title":"High-Efficiency Deca-Band Foldable Smartphone Antenna Using Quarter-Wavelength Parasitic Branch","authors":"Xinnan Liu;Yan Wang;Letian Guo;Feng Xu","doi":"10.23919/emsci.2025.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/emsci.2025.0030","url":null,"abstract":"As foldable smartphones typically operate in two primary states-unfolded state and folded state, the structural changes between the two states, which can significantly impact antenna performance, such as frequency shifts and efficiency reduction, are critical for practical applications. This paper proposes to use a quarter-wavelength parasitic branch to mitigate the effect of the structural changes between the two states. With the quarter-wavelength parasitic branch, a high-efficiency deca-band mobile antenna with similar performance in both the unfolded and folded states is achieved. Prototype testing shows negligible frequency shifts (approximately 0 MHz) in the low band (LB) of 0.704–0.960 GHz, middle high band (MHB) of 1.71–2.69 GHz, and new radio (NR) bands of 3.3–3.8 GHz and 4.7–5.0 GHz between the unfolded and folded states. The efficiency reductions are 0.45 dB (from −4.98 dB to −5.43 dB) in the LB band, 0.28 dB (from −2.70 dB to −2.98 dB) in the MHB band, and 0.81 dB (from −2.34 dB to −3.15 dB) in the NR band. The proposed antenna, which demonstrates minimal frequency shifts and slight efficiency degradation in the unfolded and folded states, makes it highly promising for practical applications.","PeriodicalId":100402,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Science","volume":"3 4","pages":"0120302-1-0120302-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11420960","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147335670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design of Nonuniform Transmission Line Impedance Transformers Using Convex Optimization 非均匀传输线阻抗变压器的凸优化设计

Electromagnetic Science Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.23919/emsci.2024.0066

Apostolos Georgiadis

引用次数: 0