Electromagnetic Science最新文献

Recent Advances of AgBiS2: Synthesis Methods, Photovoltaic Device, Photodetector, and Sensors AgBiS2的最新进展：合成方法、光电器件、光电探测器和传感器

Electromagnetic Science Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.23919/emsci.2024.0045

Zongwei Li;Huchen Han;Lingfeng Chao;Yonghua Chen;Gaojie Chen;Wei Huang

{"title":"Recent Advances of AgBiS2: Synthesis Methods, Photovoltaic Device, Photodetector, and Sensors","authors":"Zongwei Li;Huchen Han;Lingfeng Chao;Yonghua Chen;Gaojie Chen;Wei Huang","doi":"10.23919/emsci.2024.0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/emsci.2024.0045","url":null,"abstract":"Recent years have seen increased interest in optoelectronic semiconductor materials, particularly those from groups II-VI, IV-VI, and perovskite, due to their outstanding electronic and optical properties. However, the toxicity and environmental concerns related to heavy metals like lead and cadmium have hindered their widespread commercial use, shifting the focus to AgBiS<inf>2</inf> a nontoxic, cost-effective, and promising alternative. Despite significant progress, the efficiency of AgBiS<inf>2</inf> remains lower than that of perovskite or cadmium-lead-based devices, primarily due to challenges in nanocrystals (NCs) synthesis and limitations in device structure and stability when using AgBiS2 thin films. This review evaluates these challenges by examining the synthesis process, addressing device-related limitations, and discussing recent advancements in AgBiS2 research and its potential applications. It includes an analysis of AgBiS<inf>2</inf>'s chemical and crystal structures, as well as its optoelectronic properties. Additionally, we review improvements in synthesizing high-quality AgBiS<inf>2</inf> NCs and discuss applications such as photo detectors and X-ray/photoelectro-chemical sensors. Finally, we highlight the challenges and future prospects for AgBiS<inf>2</inf> offering insights into its potential for various applications.","PeriodicalId":100402,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Science","volume":"3 1","pages":"0090451-1-0090451-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10974623","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Phaseless Diagnosis and Pattern Correction of Faulty Antenna Arrays via Advanced Bayesian Compressive Sensing Approaches 基于高级贝叶斯压缩感知的故障天线阵无相诊断与方向图校正

Electromagnetic Science Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.23919/emsci.2024.0038

Zi An Wang;Ping Li

{"title":"Phaseless Diagnosis and Pattern Correction of Faulty Antenna Arrays via Advanced Bayesian Compressive Sensing Approaches","authors":"Zi An Wang;Ping Li","doi":"10.23919/emsci.2024.0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/emsci.2024.0038","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an integrated approach for diagnosing and correcting faults in antenna arrays using a Bayesian compressive sensing (BCS) method. The proposed diagnostic technique effectively identifies both ON-OFF and partial faults with limited phaseless measurement data. By linearizing the nonlinear inverse problem through a phaseless mapping method and employing a multitask BCS (MT - BCS) algorithm, the solution accounts for statistical correlations between the real and imaginary parts of sparse unknowns, ensuring robust diagnoses from highly coherent near-field measurements. Meanwhile, to address the detected faults effectively, a novel pattern correction method within an alternate projection framework is further developed to recover the pattern features with minimal corrections. This method features a modified forward projection rule to accelerate convergence and utilizes a BCS algorithm during backward projection to find sparse correction vectors. In addition, an innovative termination criterion is introduced to avoid trapping in local minima. Comprehensive numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed integrated approach in diagnosing various fault types and correcting radiation patterns. The results indicate that the method offers a promising solution for real-time online correction of large-scale antenna arrays.","PeriodicalId":100402,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Science","volume":"3 1","pages":"0090382-1-0090382-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10974645","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Broadband Millimeter-Wave Frequency Mixer Based on Thin-Film Lithium Niobate Photonics 基于薄膜铌酸锂光子学的宽带毫米波混频器

Electromagnetic Science Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.23919/emsci.2024.0046

Xiangzhi Xie;Hanke Feng;Yuansheng Tao;Yiwen Zhang;Yikun Chen;Ke Zhang;Zhaoxi Chen;Cheng Wang

{"title":"Broadband Millimeter-Wave Frequency Mixer Based on Thin-Film Lithium Niobate Photonics","authors":"Xiangzhi Xie;Hanke Feng;Yuansheng Tao;Yiwen Zhang;Yikun Chen;Ke Zhang;Zhaoxi Chen;Cheng Wang","doi":"10.23919/emsci.2024.0046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/emsci.2024.0046","url":null,"abstract":"Frequency mixers are fundamental components in modern wireless communication and radar systems, responsible for up- and down-conversion of target radio-frequency (RF) signals. Recently, photonic-assisted RF mixers have shown unique advantages over traditional electronic counterparts, including broad operational bandwidth, flat frequency response, and immunity to electromagnetic interference. However, current integrated photonic mixers face significant challenges in achieving efficient conversion at high frequencies, especially in millimeter-wave bands, due to the limitations of existing electro-optic (EO) modulators. Additionally, high-frequency local oscillators (LOs) in the millimeter-wave range are often difficult to obtain and expensive, leading to unsatis-factory cost and restricted operational bandwidth in practice. In this paper, we harness the exceptional EO property and scalability of thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) photonic platform to implement a high-performance harmonic-reconfigurable millimeter-wave mixer. The TFLN photonic circuit integrates a broadband EO modulator that allows for extensive frequency coverage, and an EO frequency comb source that significantly reduces the required carrier frequency of the LO. We experimentally demonstrate fully re-configurable frequency down-conversion across a broad operational bandwidth ranging from 20 GHz to 67 GHz, with a large intermediate frequency of 20 GHz, as well as up-conversion to frequencies up to 110 GHz. Our integrated photonic mixing system shows dramatically improved bandwidth performance, along with competitive frequency conversion efficiency and spurious suppression ratio, positioning it as a promising solution for future millimeter-wave transceivers in next-generation communication and sensing systems.","PeriodicalId":100402,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Science","volume":"3 1","pages":"0090462-1-0090462-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10974620","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Leaky Horns: A New Paradigm of Developing Electromagnetic Horns Based on Leaky- Wave Structures 漏角：基于漏波结构开发电磁角的新范式

Electromagnetic Science Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.23919/emsci.2024.0036

Dongze Zheng;Ke Wu;Wei Hong

引用次数: 0

Applications of Quantum Dash Mode-Locked Laser in Microwave Photonics 量子Dash锁模激光器在微波光子学中的应用

Electromagnetic Science Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.23919/emsci.2024.0027

Yuxuan Xie;Mostafa Khalil;Hao Sun;Jiaren Liu;Zhenguo Lu;Philip J. Poole;John Weber;Guocheng Liu;Mohamed Rahim;Lawrence R. Chen

{"title":"Applications of Quantum Dash Mode-Locked Laser in Microwave Photonics","authors":"Yuxuan Xie;Mostafa Khalil;Hao Sun;Jiaren Liu;Zhenguo Lu;Philip J. Poole;John Weber;Guocheng Liu;Mohamed Rahim;Lawrence R. Chen","doi":"10.23919/emsci.2024.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/emsci.2024.0027","url":null,"abstract":"Microwave photonics (MWP) represents a significant optical signal processing system, standing at the confluence of microwave engineering and photonics. It presents a promising way for meeting the growing demands of contemporary communication systems, radar, sensing, and signal processing. Driving the rapid advancement of MWP are pivotal technologies such as optical frequency combs, photonic integrated circuits, and advanced modulation formats. The integration of photonic integrated circuit technology with hybrid integration techniques holds the promise of realizing MWP systems on a single chip, while comb shaping technology endows MWP systems with programmable and reconfigurable capabilities. In this paper, we present a review of our recent research, which focused on exploring the full spectrum of potential applications for quantum dash lasers in MWP systems. Leveraging principles of finite impulse response filters, our MWP system not only facilitates conventional filtering but also enables instantaneous frequency measurement and waveform generation. A distinguishing feature of MWP filters is their uniform delay. After converting it into a uniform phase difference, it underpins the development of MWP-based phase antenna array systems. Furthermore, this uniform delay finds application in time-interleaved photonic analog-to-digital conversion.","PeriodicalId":100402,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Science","volume":"3 1","pages":"0090271-1-0090271-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10974693","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microwave Photonic Links and Transversal Microwave Photonic Applications 微波光子链路和横向微波光子应用

Electromagnetic Science Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.23919/emsci.2024.0054

Yunping Bai;Zhihui Liu;Mengmeng Duan;Jiaxue Feng;Xixi Xiong;Kelei Wei;Kainan Wu;Xiyao Jia;Ruilin Liao;Yuhang Song;Edwin Yue Bun Pun;Sha Zhu;Xingyuan Xu;Ning Hua Zhu;Kun Xu

{"title":"Microwave Photonic Links and Transversal Microwave Photonic Applications","authors":"Yunping Bai;Zhihui Liu;Mengmeng Duan;Jiaxue Feng;Xixi Xiong;Kelei Wei;Kainan Wu;Xiyao Jia;Ruilin Liao;Yuhang Song;Edwin Yue Bun Pun;Sha Zhu;Xingyuan Xu;Ning Hua Zhu;Kun Xu","doi":"10.23919/emsci.2024.0054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/emsci.2024.0054","url":null,"abstract":"With the help of photonic techniques, microwave photonic links (MPLs) have remarkable advantages in terms of generating, transmitting, and processing analog or microwave signals with high frequency or wide bandwidth relative to traditional electrical systems, which have been widely and deeply researched over the past few decades. Recently, significant advances in photonic integrated technologies have stimulated and promoted the emergence of high-performance integrated components that make up MPLs, thereby greatly enriching their capabilities and further expanding their application prospects. Here, we review the recent advances in MPLs, which involve high-performance MPLs, MPLs for microwave photonic radar systems, MPLs for optical signal processing, and MPLs for optical neuromorphic computing. Firstly, key parameters of MPLs performance are analyzed, and the approaches to constructing high-performance (i.e., broadband and large dynamic range) MPLs are summarized. Secondly, the architecture of MPLs used for different function modules of microwave photonic radar systems is reviewed, wherein the recent schemes based on MPLs are classified according to radar signal generation, radar signal processing, and radar signal transmission. Thirdly, the existing system schemes of MPLs for implementing optical signal processing are outlined, which include microwave photonic filters, integrators, channelizers, and phased array antennas. Fourthly, the photonic neuromorphic computing systems, a nascent flourished applications field engendered by integrated or partially integrated MPLs, are introduced and reviewed, which provide readers with a novel understanding of MPL and its potential applications. Finally, we briefly present our outlook on key technologies needed to further advance MPL techniques and their relative applications.","PeriodicalId":100402,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Science","volume":"3 1","pages":"0090541-1-0090541-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10974624","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Extension of Hannan's Limit: Evaluation and Enhancement of Beam-Scanning Performance of Planar Phased Arrays 汉南极限的扩展：平面相控阵波束扫描性能的评价与提高

Electromagnetic Science Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.23919/emsci.2024.0031

Zitong Wang;Qi Wu

{"title":"Extension of Hannan's Limit: Evaluation and Enhancement of Beam-Scanning Performance of Planar Phased Arrays","authors":"Zitong Wang;Qi Wu","doi":"10.23919/emsci.2024.0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/emsci.2024.0031","url":null,"abstract":"For a large-scale array, its realized gain is always smaller than the summation of the element gains in isolation, which is the well-known gain paradox proposed by Hannan. To explain the paradox, embedded element efficiency (EEE) was defined to indicate whether the array elements are being fully utilized, and Hannan's limit was introduced to provide a fundamental upper bound of the EEE. In this paper, Hannan's limit is extended to assess the beam-scanning capability of a phased array, which can provide a fundamental upper bound of the EEE corresponding to different scanning angles. In addition, the methods for enhancing the EEE of a large-scale array to approach Hannan's limit are discussed, including selecting an appropriate power pattern for the array element and efficiently decoupling the array elements. For verification, a planar large-scale wide-angle scanning array utilizing a hybrid decoupling strategy is designed in this paper. The proposed decoupling structure improves the isolation between adjacent array elements in both the E-plane and H-plane by approximately 18.3 dB. The beam-scanning range in the E-plane and H-plane can reach ±65° and ±60°. During beam scanning, the realized gain of the array can be improved by approximately 0.74 dB. After decoupling, the EEE of the 8 × 8 wide-angle scanning array can be improved by approximately 12.64% on average during beam scanning, which is closer to Hannan's limit.","PeriodicalId":100402,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Science","volume":"2 4","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10850505","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electrically-Tunable Ceramic-Waveguide Filter 电可调谐陶瓷波导滤波器

Electromagnetic Science Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.23919/emsci.2024.0025

Di Lu;Baoqi Zhu;Ming Yu

{"title":"Electrically-Tunable Ceramic-Waveguide Filter","authors":"Di Lu;Baoqi Zhu;Ming Yu","doi":"10.23919/emsci.2024.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/emsci.2024.0025","url":null,"abstract":"Ceramic waveguide filters have been popular in 5G wireless system applications. This article proposes an effective solution to enable the ceramic waveguide filter to be electrically tunable. In detail, a new varactor-tunable structure is developed to electrically control the resonant frequency (TE<inf>101</inf> mode) of the ceramic waveguide resonator. The novel coupling and feeding configurations are investigated, thus allowing the coupling coefficient and external quality factor <tex>$(Q_{e})$</tex> to be flexibly specified according to the prescribed matrix. The element variable coupling matrices (EVCMs) for two-pole, three-pole cascade triplet (CT), four-pole cascade quadruplet (CQ), six-pole CT, and six-pole CQ filters with constant bandwidth are prescribed as the electrically-tunable prototypes. All the designs for the lossless filters are presented, and design results in agreement with the theory ones demonstrate the correctness of the proposed solution. Two six-pole tunable CQ and CT filters are fabricated and assembled with the commercial-available varactors. The measurement results show that the quasi-elliptic responses of two six-pole ceramic filters can be tuned from 3.4 GHz to 3.8 GHz by adjusting the tuning voltage. Finally, the loading impact of the varactors on the unloaded quality factor <tex>$(Q_u)$</tex> of the filter is further discussed. A fixed filter and an additional tunable filter are implemented and used to verify the investigation.","PeriodicalId":100402,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Science","volume":"2 4","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10850504","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wireless Secure Communication Based on Code Domain Space-Time Modulated Metasurface 基于码域空时调制元表面的无线安全通信

Electromagnetic Science Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.23919/emsci.2024.0035

Xinyu Fang;Xuezhi Zheng;Mengmeng Li;Zhiyu Li;Dazhi Ding

{"title":"Wireless Secure Communication Based on Code Domain Space-Time Modulated Metasurface","authors":"Xinyu Fang;Xuezhi Zheng;Mengmeng Li;Zhiyu Li;Dazhi Ding","doi":"10.23919/emsci.2024.0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/emsci.2024.0035","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of space-time modulated metasurface (STMM) as a novel platform for signal modulation holds significant promise for wireless secure communication, particularly within modern information technologies such as Internet of things and the 5th generation and beyond. While previous secure communication methods based on STMM have primarily focused on ensuring information security within both the time and frequency domains, in this study, we introduce a novel code domain modulation scheme in STMM to facilitate wireless secure communications, which is difficult to be detected in both time and frequency domains. The core concept involves synthesizing a smart modulation waveform by using a new code domain so that both secure information transmission and mitigation of jamming are realized. To achieve this, we build a Q-dimensional signal space that has a minimum overlap with the jamming signal space and where orthogonal or quasi-orthogonal basis functions are used for information transmission. Furthermore, this methodology can be readily extended to other abstract signal domains. To exemplify this approach, we implement an STMM and utilize it to transmit the logos of our universities accurately, while eavesdroppers are unable to acquire any useful information through direct identification from the constellation diagrams. This showcases the effectiveness of the proposed secure communication system.","PeriodicalId":100402,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Science","volume":"2 4","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10850506","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Theory of Periodic Sequence: A Generalized Formalism of Maxwell's Equations in Discrete Transform Domain 周期序列理论：麦克斯韦方程组在离散变换域的一种广义形式

Electromagnetic Science Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.23919/emsci.2024.0028

Ben You;Ke Wu

引用次数: 0