EAU-EBU Update Series最新文献_第6页

Update on Pathophysiology of Premature Ejaculation: The Bases for New Pharmacological Treatments 早泄的病理生理学进展:新药物治疗的基础

EAU-EBU Update Series Pub Date : 2006-08-01 Epub Date: 2006-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeus.2006.05.002

Emmanuele A. Jannini , Eleonora Carosa , Mario Pepe , Francesco Lombardo , Andrea Lenzi

{"title":"Update on Pathophysiology of Premature Ejaculation: The Bases for New Pharmacological Treatments","authors":"Emmanuele A. Jannini , Eleonora Carosa , Mario Pepe , Francesco Lombardo , Andrea Lenzi","doi":"10.1016/j.eeus.2006.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeus.2006.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Even though premature ejaculation is the most widespread pathology of sexual behavior, it is still considered a psychological disease. Organic etiologies are only now becoming more evident.</p><p>Premature ejaculation is largely under-diagnosed and under-treated, while erectile dysfunction<span> has received great scientific and clinical attention in recent years. There are plenty of reasons for this: (i) PE is classically considered as psychogenic in nature; (ii) it is traditionally treated with behavioral psychotherapies<span>; (iii) clear and accepted clinical definition(s) are lacking; (iv) the etiologies are largely unknown; (v) the pathogenesis is still obscure – there is a lack of awareness and acknowledgement of PE as a symptom of medical disease; (vi) lacking a medical presence in the field, requests for help from patients are low. Finally, erectile and ejaculatory dysfunctions frequently overlap. For all these reasons, an update on pathophysiology of premature ejaculation is to be considered the base for new pharmacological treatments.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100386,"journal":{"name":"EAU-EBU Update Series","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 141-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.eeus.2006.05.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90886718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23

Vesicoureteric Reflux in Children 儿童膀胱输尿管反流

EAU-EBU Update Series Pub Date : 2006-08-01 Epub Date: 2006-06-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeus.2006.05.005

Khalid Ismaili , Fred E. Avni , Amy Piepsz , Frank Collier , Claude Schulman , Michelle Hall

{"title":"Vesicoureteric Reflux in Children","authors":"Khalid Ismaili , Fred E. Avni , Amy Piepsz , Frank Collier , Claude Schulman , Michelle Hall","doi":"10.1016/j.eeus.2006.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeus.2006.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Vesicoureteric reflux<span> (VUR) is a common finding in pediatric practice that occurs in about 1% of children and is often familial, with several genetical loci probably involved. The majority of low-grade cases have a tendency to resolve spontaneously during childhood. However, VUR has been identified as a risk factor for the development of urinary tract infections (UTI) and is present in a third of young children presenting with this problem. In addition, some children with high-grade VUR have already renal lesions before the advent of any UTI. In a subset of affected individuals, these renal parenchymal lesions are associated with systemic hypertension and chronic renal failure but this risk is considerably smaller than previously assumed. In randomized trials of primary VUR diagnosed after urinary infection, prophylactic antibiotics are equivalent to anti-reflux surgery when subsequent renal lesions and UTIs relapses are used as endpoints. Controlled trials comparing the outcome of renal function in children offered either protocol or immediate treatment at recurrences are desperately lacking. This review article aims to summarize the extensive data regarding this controversial condition, to present rational investigation strategy and to analyze management attitudes in the light of the various lines of practice.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100386,"journal":{"name":"EAU-EBU Update Series","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 129-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.eeus.2006.05.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73554343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Practical Management of Patients with Priapism 阴茎勃起障碍患者的实用管理

EAU-EBU Update Series Pub Date : 2006-08-01 Epub Date: 2006-06-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeus.2006.05.004

Ates Kadioglu, Oner Sanli, Murat Celtik, Murat Cakan, Hakan Taskapu, Tolga Akman

{"title":"Practical Management of Patients with Priapism","authors":"Ates Kadioglu, Oner Sanli, Murat Celtik, Murat Cakan, Hakan Taskapu, Tolga Akman","doi":"10.1016/j.eeus.2006.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeus.2006.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Priapism is a persistent unwanted erection that is not associated with sexual desire or sexual stimulation. The aim of this present review is to discuss the practical management of priapism with the current data obtained from the contemporary literature.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Based on MEDLINE database searches, all aspects of the management of priapism were examined.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Priapism can be classified as ischemic or non-ischemic depending on the status of penile arterial flow<span><span><span>. Ischemic priapism is a true urological emergency requiring a prompt and accurate diagnosis and treatment. Delayed treatments have little documented benefit in terms of potency preservation. After the diagnosis of ischemic priapism with corporal blood gas analysis, aspiration of the corporeal hypoxic blood and injection of a selective alpha-adrenergic </span>sympathomimetic agent<span><span> should precede surgical shunting or early insertion of penile prosthesis. For non-ischemic priapism, blood gas analysis should be followed by </span>color Doppler ultrasonography to confirm the diagnosis. Intervention is not urgent and expectant management or </span></span>embolisation<span> of the fistula may be performed. In patients with recurrent priapism, treatment for ischemic episodes as well as specific treatment for underlying etiological factor should be initiated concurrently.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Modern management of priapism depends on the difference between ischemic and non-ischemic episodes. To protect the erectile function of the patients with priapism, urologists should know how to manage this urgent condition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100386,"journal":{"name":"EAU-EBU Update Series","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 150-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.eeus.2006.05.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83715681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

Novel Therapies in Advanced Prostate Cancer 晚期前列腺癌的新疗法

EAU-EBU Update Series Pub Date : 2006-08-01 Epub Date: 2006-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeus.2006.05.001

Richard D. Sowery, Alan I. So, Martin E. Gleave

引用次数: 0

Answers to the CME Questions Published in EAU-EBU Update Series Vol.4, Issues 1 and 2 EAU-EBU更新系列第4卷第1和第2期发布的CME问题解答

EAU-EBU Update Series Pub Date : 2006-08-01 Epub Date: 2006-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeus.2006.05.003

引用次数: 0

Clinical Implications of the 2004 WHO Histological Classification on Non-Invasive Tumours of the Urinary Bladder 2004年WHO膀胱非侵袭性肿瘤组织学分类的临床意义

EAU-EBU Update Series Pub Date : 2006-06-01 Epub Date: 2006-05-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeus.2006.03.002

Thomas Hofmann , Ruth Knüchel-Clarke , Arndt Hartmann , Robert Stöhr , Derya Tilki , Michael Seitz , Alexander Karl , Christian Stief , Dirk Zaak

{"title":"Clinical Implications of the 2004 WHO Histological Classification on Non-Invasive Tumours of the Urinary Bladder","authors":"Thomas Hofmann , Ruth Knüchel-Clarke , Arndt Hartmann , Robert Stöhr , Derya Tilki , Michael Seitz , Alexander Karl , Christian Stief , Dirk Zaak","doi":"10.1016/j.eeus.2006.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeus.2006.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The 1973 World Health Organization (WHO) typing system for bladder tumours is still widely used despite the lack of detailed histhopathological criteria. The more recent 2004 WHO “blue book” on pathology and genetics of tumours of the urinary system and male genital aimed to improve the recognition of subgroups by setting out well defined histomorphological criteria and dividing tumours with different biological characteristics that correlate with different clinical outcomes. However, the prognostic value of the 2004 WHO classification on non-invasive urothelial lesions is under discussion and there are questions concerning the clinical relevance of this system. This review is derived from data of available clinical trials to test the validity of the 2004 WHO classification for non-invasive </span>bladder lesions<span> by comparing tumour recurrence, progression and survival rates between different entities. Furthermore, we tried to evaluate the prognostic use of genetic alterations and biological markers with regard to impact on clinical management decisions.</span></p><p>In our view, the 2004 WHO classification system does identify clinically and biologically distinct groups within the spectrum of non-invasive urothelial tumours. However, until the new classification is fully validated, and those working in the field have become familiar with it, the 1973 WHO typing system for bladder tumours is best mentioned additionally in the histopathological report.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100386,"journal":{"name":"EAU-EBU Update Series","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 83-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.eeus.2006.03.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76896177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Risk Assessment and Medical Management of Acute Urinary Retention in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia 良性前列腺增生患者急性尿潴留的风险评估与医疗管理

EAU-EBU Update Series Pub Date : 2006-06-01 Epub Date: 2006-05-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeus.2006.03.004

Christian Gratzke, Oliver Reich, Michael Staehler, Michael Seitz, Boris Schlenker, Christian G. Stief

{"title":"Risk Assessment and Medical Management of Acute Urinary Retention in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia","authors":"Christian Gratzke, Oliver Reich, Michael Staehler, Michael Seitz, Boris Schlenker, Christian G. Stief","doi":"10.1016/j.eeus.2006.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeus.2006.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Acute urinary retention<span> (AUR) is a serious complication in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). It is defined as the sudden inability to pass urine which results in painful distension of the </span></span>bladder<span> and necessitates immediate decompression by catheterization. In the understanding of the natural history of BPH considerable progress has been achieved. In primary prevention of AUR it is crucial to identify the clinical profile of patients with a progressive disease and thus provide appropriate and individual treatment. Several studies indicate the potential of alpha-blockers after an episode of AUR to improve the chance of a successful trial without catheter (TWOC) which should be performed 2 to 7 days after AUR. Long-term studies are needed to clarify whether treatment with alpha-blockers can avoid or delay relapse of AUR. On the other hand, high PSA values (≥6</span></span> <span>ng/ml), elevated post-TWOC residual urine (>90</span>  <!-->ml), history of prior AUR and the degree of intravesical prostatic protrusion seem to be major risk factors for AUR relapse and thus may require non-conservative treatment options. Since numerous studies addressing the issue of AUR have been published recently, this review focuses primarily on the literature published in Medline in 2005.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100386,"journal":{"name":"EAU-EBU Update Series","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 109-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.eeus.2006.03.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86917037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Physiology of Erectile Function: An Update on Intracellular Molecular Processes 勃起功能的生理学:细胞内分子过程的最新进展

EAU-EBU Update Series Pub Date : 2006-06-01 Epub Date: 2006-05-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeus.2006.03.003

Annamaria Morelli , Sandra Filippi , Linda Vignozzi , Rosa Mancina , Mario Maggi

{"title":"Physiology of Erectile Function: An Update on Intracellular Molecular Processes","authors":"Annamaria Morelli , Sandra Filippi , Linda Vignozzi , Rosa Mancina , Mario Maggi","doi":"10.1016/j.eeus.2006.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeus.2006.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To provide a comprehensive update of current knowledge concerning the molecular mechanisms underlying the erectile physiology.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Results from numerous investigations, including both basic and clinical studies, have been considered. In particular, we pointed out the advances concerning the peripheral control of erection that ultimately influence the functional state of the penis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>Numerous neurotransmitters<span> and endothelial factors modulate the penile vasculature and </span></span>smooth muscle tone<span><span><span> of corpora cavernosa in the penis. The regulation of adequate </span>intracellular calcium levels represents the key determinant of the smooth muscle tone. Following the sexual stimulation, the activation of </span>smooth muscle relaxation<span><span> in the penis is mainly mediated by nitric oxide<span><span> (NO), which acts via cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-mediated intracellular signalling. The pro-erectile NO/cGMP pathway is coupled to the anti-erectile RhoA/Rho-kinase calcium-sensitizing pathway, which was recently highlighted as another important regulator of the erectile function. In the last decade, the enzyme </span>phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), critically involved in the degradation of cGMP and thereby in the maintenance of penile detumescence, has gained attention as target enzyme of the most used drugs (PDE5 inhibitors) for the treatment of </span></span>erectile dysfunction. Moreover, androgens play an important role in peripheral regulation of erection, acting positively either on the enzyme which synthesizes NO (NOS), and on that involved in the degradation of cGMP (PDE5).</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The recent advances added to new insights into our knowledge of erectile physiology and leaded to the improvement in the clinical management of men affected by erectile dysfunction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100386,"journal":{"name":"EAU-EBU Update Series","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 96-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.eeus.2006.03.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79287704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

Development and Current Status of the AMS 800 Artificial Urinary Sphincter AMS 800人工尿道括约肌的发展与现状

EAU-EBU Update Series Pub Date : 2006-06-01 Epub Date: 2006-05-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeus.2006.03.001

Hari L. Ratan, Duncan J. Summerton, Steven K. Wilson, Timothy R. Terry

引用次数: 27

Efficacy of Interstitial Cystitis Treatments: A Review 间质性膀胱炎治疗的疗效综述

EAU-EBU Update Series Pub Date : 2006-04-01 Epub Date: 2006-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeus.2005.10.001

Gilles Karsenty, Walid AlTaweel, Sakhene Hajebrahimi, Jacques Corcos

{"title":"Efficacy of Interstitial Cystitis Treatments: A Review","authors":"Gilles Karsenty, Walid AlTaweel, Sakhene Hajebrahimi, Jacques Corcos","doi":"10.1016/j.eeus.2005.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeus.2005.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Interstitial cystitis<span> (IC) is a chronic clinical condition known for more than a century. Its pathophysiology remains largely unclear. No universally-effective treatment exists, and many patients do not respond to available therapies. There is no evidence-based algorithm and no standard therapy for IC. The aims of this article are to review the available treatment options and to evaluate the degree of evidence regarding their clinical efficacy.</span></p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>We reviewed English language publications on IC from January 1966 to August 2005 listed in MEDLINE, and we selected clinical studies reporting on IC treatment. For each treatment type, we give the level of evidence and the recommendation grade according to the “Oxford University Program for Evidence-based Studies”.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>Most articles were retrospective, non-randomized, uncontrolled studies with small numbers of patients. Twenty articles provided high-level evidence. Three therapies are supported by a high level of evidence: oral Cimetidine<span> and Amitriptyline, and one intravesical agent, </span></span>Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Reports on surgical treatments were only open investigations.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>IC treatment is complex and controversial because of the disease's unidentified, formal etiology. We proposed an evidence-based algorithm that might be helpful when counseling IC patients regarding treatment options and expectations from each therapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100386,"journal":{"name":"EAU-EBU Update Series","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 47-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.eeus.2005.10.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87570676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12