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Inside Back Cover, Volume 3, Number 1, January 2024 封底内页，第 3 卷第 1 号，2024 年 1 月

Droplet Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1002/dro2.112

Jingyu Shi, Yu Zhang, Yadi Fan, Yi Liu, Mo Yang

引用次数: 0

Frontispiece, Volume 3, Number 1, January 2024 插图，第 3 卷第 1 号，2024 年 1 月

Droplet Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1002/dro2.111

Kenta Goto, Kyoka Nakanishi, Fumito Tani, Satoru Tokuda

引用次数: 0

New insights into suspended drops: When soft matter meets acoustic levitation 悬浮水滴的新发现当软物质遇到声悬浮

Droplet Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.1002/dro2.95

Hongyue Chen, Zhenyu Hong, Duyang Zang

引用次数: 0

Liquid metal droplet dynamics 液态金属液滴动力学

Droplet Pub Date : 2024-01-16 DOI: 10.1002/dro2.104

Xi Zhao, Mengwen Qiao, Yingxin Zhou, Jing Liu

{"title":"Liquid metal droplet dynamics","authors":"Xi Zhao, Mengwen Qiao, Yingxin Zhou, Jing Liu","doi":"10.1002/dro2.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dro2.104","url":null,"abstract":"The unique properties to combine the dual merits of both liquids and metals together make the gallium-based liquid metal (LM) droplets a class of unconventional substitute which possess great potential for a group of newly emerging areas, such as stretchable electronics, soft devices, micro sensors and actuators. In addition, LM droplets are undoubtedly an intriguing target worth of pursuing in fundamental hydrodynamic investigations due to their extremely high surface tension nature compared to classical nonmetallic fluids. Since the discovery of the diverse transformation phenomena and self-fueled droplet mollusks of LM that can move automatically in solution via single electricity or even without any external energy supply, tremendous attentions were attracted to this special fluidic object of LM droplets. Over the past decade, there has been a proliferation of explorations on LM droplet dynamics, while the involved contents are heterogeneous due to the interfacial physical/chemical activity of the LM and the diversity of the kinetic behaviors. To better understand and manipulate the droplet behavior and to promote further development of the LMs, this review is dedicated to summarize the latest progress and presents an overview on basic findings related to LM macro-droplet dynamics. Firstly, the extended definition of LM droplets and the corresponding fabrication methods are given. Then, typical works on LM droplet dynamics are systematically interpreted based on their different behavior categories. Finally, the perspectives, main obstacles and challenges restricting the development of LM droplet dynamics are pointed out.","PeriodicalId":100381,"journal":{"name":"Droplet","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dro2.104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139550310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Water droplet energy harvesting 水滴能量收集

Droplet Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.1002/dro2.97

Zhiming Lin, Zhengbao Yang

{"title":"Water droplet energy harvesting","authors":"Zhiming Lin, Zhengbao Yang","doi":"10.1002/dro2.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dro2.97","url":null,"abstract":"Harnessing abundant kinetic water energy in diverse forms of river flows, ocean waves, tidal currents, raindrops, and others, is highly attractive to ease the energy crisis and satisfy the demands of scattered sensor network nodes in the Internet of things. Among them, raindrops, widely and ubiquitously distributed in nature and ambient living life, have been extensively explored and regarded as significant renewable energy carriers. Extensive efforts have been made to investigate droplet-based electricity nanogenerators in fundamental mechanism, performance, and applications for achieving sustainable energy demands of the rapidly developing society over the past decade. In this review, we introduce the remarkable progress in this field and discuss the fundamental mechanisms of droplet energy harvesting technology for achieving high-power generation. More significantly, a systematic review of droplet energy harvesting in different two-phase interfaces, including liquid–solid, liquid–liquid, and liquid–gas interfaces, is provided. Finally, this survey reveals that droplet-based electricity generators present vast potential in the power supply. At the same time, several development challenges and prospective solutions are discussed to spur future technological advancements.","PeriodicalId":100381,"journal":{"name":"Droplet","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dro2.97","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139550249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chemically robust superhydrophobic surfaces with a self-replenishing nanoscale liquid coating 具有自补强纳米级液体涂层的强化学性超疏水性表面

Droplet Pub Date : 2024-01-02 DOI: 10.1002/dro2.103

Xiaoteng Zhou, Pranav Sudersan, Diego Diaz, Benjamin Leibauer, Chirag Hinduja, Fahimeh Darvish, Pravash Bista, Lukas Hauer, Manfred Wagner, Werner Steffen, Jie Liu, Michael Kappl, Hans-Jürgen Butt

{"title":"Chemically robust superhydrophobic surfaces with a self-replenishing nanoscale liquid coating","authors":"Xiaoteng Zhou, Pranav Sudersan, Diego Diaz, Benjamin Leibauer, Chirag Hinduja, Fahimeh Darvish, Pravash Bista, Lukas Hauer, Manfred Wagner, Werner Steffen, Jie Liu, Michael Kappl, Hans-Jürgen Butt","doi":"10.1002/dro2.103","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dro2.103","url":null,"abstract":"Due to poor chemical robustness, superhydrophobic surfaces become susceptible to failure, especially in a highly oxidative environment. To ensure the long-term efficacy of these surfaces, a more stable and environmentally friendly coating is required to replace the conventional salinization layers. Here, soot-templated surfaces with re-entrant nanostructures are precoated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) brushes. An additional nanometer-thick lubricant layer of PDMS was then applied to increase chemical stability. The surface is superhydrophobic with a nanoscale liquid coating. Since the lubricant layer is thin, ridge formation is suppressed, which leads to low drop sliding friction and fast drop shedding. By introducing a bottom “reservoir” of a free lubricant as an oil source for self-replenishing to the upper layer, the superhydrophobic surface becomes more stable and heals spontaneously in response to alkali erosion and O2 plasma exposure. This design also leads to a higher icing delay time and faster removal of impacting cooled water drops than for uncoated surfaces, preventing icing at low temperatures.","PeriodicalId":100381,"journal":{"name":"Droplet","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dro2.103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139390710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A droplet-based electricity generator incorporating Kelvin water dropper with ultrahigh instantaneous power density 结合开尔文水滴器的液滴发电装置，具有超高瞬时功率密度

Droplet Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/dro2.91

Yang Li, Xuezhi Qin, Yawei Feng, Yuxin Song, Zhiran Yi, Huanxi Zheng, Peiyang Zhou, Chenyang Wu, Siyan Yang, Lili Wang, Pingan Zhu, Wanghuai Xu, Zuankai Wang

{"title":"A droplet-based electricity generator incorporating Kelvin water dropper with ultrahigh instantaneous power density","authors":"Yang Li, Xuezhi Qin, Yawei Feng, Yuxin Song, Zhiran Yi, Huanxi Zheng, Peiyang Zhou, Chenyang Wu, Siyan Yang, Lili Wang, Pingan Zhu, Wanghuai Xu, Zuankai Wang","doi":"10.1002/dro2.91","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dro2.91","url":null,"abstract":"Harvesting renewable water energy in various formats such as raindrops, waves, and evaporation is one of the key strategies for achieving global carbon neutrality. The recent decade has witnessed rapid advancement of the droplet-based electricity generator (DEG) with a continuous leap in the instantaneous output power density from 50 W/m2 to several kW/m2. Despite this, further pushing the upper limit of the output performance of DEG is still constrained by low surface charge density and long precharging time. Here, we report a DEG incorporating the Kelvin water dropper (K-DEG) that can generate an ultrahigh instantaneous power density of 105 W/m2 upon one droplet impinging. In this design, the Kelvin water dropper continuously replenishes the high density of surface charges on DEG, while DEG fully releases these surface charges into electric output. K-DEG with such a high output can directly light five 6-W commercial lamps and even charge a cellphone by using falling droplets.","PeriodicalId":100381,"journal":{"name":"Droplet","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dro2.91","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139392676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Acoustic micro-beam vortex generator for flow actuation inside droplets 用于液滴内部流动驱动的声学微束涡流发生器

Droplet Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/dro2.96

Diego Sánchez-Saldaña, Maria Fernandino, Carlos A. Dorao

{"title":"Acoustic micro-beam vortex generator for flow actuation inside droplets","authors":"Diego Sánchez-Saldaña, Maria Fernandino, Carlos A. Dorao","doi":"10.1002/dro2.96","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dro2.96","url":null,"abstract":"Controlling acoustic streaming inside a droplet has excellent potential for enabling fluid and particle operations such as mixing, separation, and aggregation in various applications. Most concepts for generating surface acoustic waves are based on the placement of an interdigitated transducer at the side of a droplet, thus externally acting on the droplet. In this case, the flow structure inside the droplet is controlled by the relatively large scale of the interdigitated transducer compared to the droplet, thus limiting the local control of the flow. One possibility to overcome this drawback is to reduce the size of the actuator such that a highly focused ultrasound transducer can induce localized acoustic streaming in space. Here, we introduce a micro-spiral interdigitated transducer smaller than a droplet size that can generate micro-size vortices inside the droplet. This step enables a new way of controlling the flow inside the droplet, facilitating mixing, separation, aggregation, and patterning of particles. We study the characteristics of the acoustic streaming and the potential application of the flow for the separation and patterning of particles. The simplicity of the concept provides in-droplet particle manipulation toolsets for many applications such as biosensing, microbiology, and point-of-care devices.","PeriodicalId":100381,"journal":{"name":"Droplet","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dro2.96","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139457213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Digital twin of a droplet microarray platform: Evaporation behavior for multiple droplets on patterned chips for cell culture 液滴微阵列平台的数字双胞胎：用于细胞培养的图案化芯片上多个液滴的蒸发行为

Droplet Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/dro2.94

Yanchen Wu, Joaquin E. Urrutia Gomez, Hongmin Zhang, Fei Wang, Pavel A. Levkin, Anna A. Popova, Britta Nestler

{"title":"Digital twin of a droplet microarray platform: Evaporation behavior for multiple droplets on patterned chips for cell culture","authors":"Yanchen Wu, Joaquin E. Urrutia Gomez, Hongmin Zhang, Fei Wang, Pavel A. Levkin, Anna A. Popova, Britta Nestler","doi":"10.1002/dro2.94","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dro2.94","url":null,"abstract":"Precise control of the evaporation of multiple droplets on patterned surfaces is crucial in many technological applications, such as anti-icing, coating, and high-throughput assays. Yet, the complex evaporation process of multiple droplets on well-defined patterned surfaces is still poorly understood. Herein, we develop a digital twin system for real-time monitoring of key processes on a droplet microarray (DMA), which is essential for parallelization and automation of the operations for cell culture. Specifically, we investigate the evaporation of multiple nanoliter droplets under different conditions via experiments and numerical simulations. We demonstrate that the evaporation rate is not only affected by the environmental humidity and temperature but is also strongly linked to the droplet distribution on the patterned surfaces, being significantly reduced when the droplets are densely distributed. Furthermore, we propose a theoretical method to aid in the experimental detection of volumes and pH variation of evaporating droplets on patterned substrates. This versatile and practical strategy allows us to achieve active maneuvering of the collective evaporation of droplets on a DMA, which provides essential implications for a wide range of applications including cell culture, heat management, microreactors, biochips, and so on.","PeriodicalId":100381,"journal":{"name":"Droplet","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dro2.94","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139458165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chemical reaction in a liquid–liquid phase-separated multiple droplet: Synchronization of color change dynamics with droplet movement 液-液相分离的多液滴中的化学反应：颜色变化动态与液滴运动的同步性

Droplet Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/dro2.93

Kenta Goto, Kyoka Nakanishi, Fumito Tani, Satoru Tokuda

引用次数: 0