Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements最新文献_第5页

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth 小肠细菌过度生长

Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements Pub Date : 2009-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1594-5804(09)60019-X

A. Parodi , E.C. Lauritano , G. Nardone , L. Fontana , V. Savarino , A. Gasbarrini

{"title":"Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth","authors":"A. Parodi , E.C. Lauritano , G. Nardone , L. Fontana , V. Savarino , A. Gasbarrini","doi":"10.1016/S1594-5804(09)60019-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1594-5804(09)60019-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the adult, the human intestine houses myriads of microorganisms, quantitatively up to 100 trillion and qualitatively over 500 species of bacteria, exceeding the number of host somatic cells by at least one order of magnitude. Actually, it remains a mystery as to how the intestine is able to contain such large quantities of bacteria without evident harm to the host. However, it is well known that a very complex symbiotic relationship between the intestinal microflora and the host insures mutual advantages for both partners.</p><p>Despite the recent advances in immunology and microbiology, the possibility of studying human intestinal microflora is limited by great inter-individual variability and difficulties in creating standard conditions to uniform the samples. However, there are clinical conditions which are useful to explain the role of intestinal bacteria in the human gut. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a good example, because this is a microbial alteration of intestinal microflora, in absence of pathogenic bacteria and severe dysregulation of the immune system. On the other hand, the pathogenesis and clinical aspects of SIBO could clarify the complex and bi-directional relationship between the microbiota and the host.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100375,"journal":{"name":"Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1594-5804(09)60019-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88114857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Role of hydrogen and methane breath testing in gastrointestinal diseases 氢气和甲烷呼气检测在胃肠道疾病中的作用

Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements Pub Date : 2009-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1594-5804(09)60018-8

M. Di Stefano, G.R. Corazza

引用次数: 10

Introduction: Bacteria, gas and functional gastrointestinal disorders 简介:细菌、气体和功能性胃肠疾病

Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements Pub Date : 2009-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1594-5804(09)00011-4

E.C. Lauritano , A. Gasbarrini , G.R. Corazza

引用次数: 0

Intestinal microbiota and its functions 肠道微生物群及其功能

Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements Pub Date : 2009-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1594-5804(09)60016-4

M. Montalto, F. D'Onofrio, A. Gallo, A. Cazzato, G. Gasbarrini

引用次数: 106

Microflora imbalance and gastrointestinal diseases 菌群失衡与胃肠道疾病

Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements Pub Date : 2009-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1594-5804(09)60017-6

V. Ojetti, G. Gigante, M.E. Ainora, F. Fiore, F. Barbaro, A. Gasbarrini

引用次数: 29

Interferon therapy: From cell signaling to haematological side effects 干扰素治疗:从细胞信号传导到血液学副作用

Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements Pub Date : 2009-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1594-5804(09)60010-3

H.A. Goubran

{"title":"Interferon therapy: From cell signaling to haematological side effects","authors":"H.A. Goubran","doi":"10.1016/S1594-5804(09)60010-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1594-5804(09)60010-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Interferons (IFNs) regulate a number of key biological functions in innate immune response, including antiviral activity, immunomodulatory tasks as well as cell growth regulation. The diverse effects of the type I IFNs are of differential therapeutic importance: In cancer therapy, an anti-proliferative effect may be beneficial whereas in the therapy of viral infection, the same anti-proliferative effect would lead to dose limiting bone marrow suppression.</p><p>IFN-α binds to interferon receptor 1 and 2 and forms a ternary complex that includes both receptor chains instigating signaling. Two types of signals are initiated and reflect on the production of secondary cytokines: IFN-γ mediating the antiviral activity on one hand, and interleukin 6, interleukin 4, interleukin 10 and IFN-inducible suppressive proteins mediating the anti-proliferative response on the other.</p><p>All pegylated interferons are not alike in terms of cytokine response. Based on their 3-D conformation, the differential ability of the different IFNs to bind preferentially to subunits of their receptor determines their therapeutic potentials, balancing their antiviral response on one hand and their anti-proliferative potential on the other and echoing on their haematological side effect profile.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100375,"journal":{"name":"Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1594-5804(09)60010-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87950961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Evaluation of a novel pegylated interferon alpha-2a (Reiferon Retard®) in Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis C – genotype 4 一种新型聚乙二醇化干扰素α -2a (Reiferon Retard®)在埃及慢性丙型肝炎-基因型4患者中的疗效评估

Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements Pub Date : 2009-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1594-5804(09)60011-5

G. Esmat , S. Abdel Fattah

{"title":"Evaluation of a novel pegylated interferon alpha-2a (Reiferon Retard®) in Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis C – genotype 4","authors":"G. Esmat , S. Abdel Fattah","doi":"10.1016/S1594-5804(09)60011-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1594-5804(09)60011-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Egypt has the highest HCV prevalence in the world, mostly genotype 4.</p></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><p>Assessment of the efficacy, safety and compliance of a novel 20-kDa linear PEG interferon α-2a (Reiferon Retard®) derived from <em>Hansenula polymorpha</em> expression system combined with ribavirin for the treatment of chronic HCV Egyptian patients.</p></div><div><h3>Patients and methods</h3><p>One hundred chronic HCV patients divided according to the degree of fibrosis on liver biopsy into group A, including F1and F2 patients and group B including F3 and F4. Patients received a fixed weekly dose of 160 μg of the PEG interferon in combination with ribavirin in standard with adjusted dosage and were followed up by PCR after 3, 6, 12 and 18 months. End of treatment response (ETR), sustained virological response (SVR), possible side effects, discontinuation of the drug and concomitant use of cytokines were reported.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>At 48 weeks the overall ETR rate was 64% with 73% and 40% for group A and B respectively, and SVR at 72 weeks revealed an overall response rate of 56% viral clearance with 69% and 22% for group A and B respectively. There were notably minimal haematological complications.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The efficacy and high safety profile in absence of significant haematological reactions substantiates the hypothesis that the chemistry of different interferons and their pegylation pattern may reflect on the clinical outcome.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100375,"journal":{"name":"Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1594-5804(09)60011-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82933597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

3-D structural approach on the Hansenula polymorpha-derived PEGylated interferon-α2a 汉鼻草多态性衍生聚乙二醇干扰素-α2a的三维结构研究

Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements Pub Date : 2009-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1594-5804(09)60009-7

F. Mueller

引用次数: 1

The interferons: Past, present and future 干扰素:过去，现在和未来

Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements Pub Date : 2009-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1594-5804(09)60008-5

A. Meager

{"title":"The interferons: Past, present and future","authors":"A. Meager","doi":"10.1016/S1594-5804(09)60008-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1594-5804(09)60008-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>From their discovery in 1957, the characterization and development of interferons (IFNs) as major biotherapeutic products has been a continuing enterprise for over 50 years. The IFNs have featured in pioneering fundamental research that has uncovered countless facets of their structural and biological properties. A great deal has been learned too about the induction and mechanisms of action of interferons, this knowledge being translated into their development as potent therapeutic agents. While they proved of limited success in the clinic against malignant tumours, great progress has been made in establishing IFN-α as the first choice of treatment for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections and, surprisingly, IFN-β for relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. Biological standardization has enabled IFN products to be measured in meaningful units of biological activity, thus ensuring consistency of production and dose administration to patients. Within the last 10 years, development of novel pegylated IFN-α2 products with extended in vivo half-lives has dramatically improved treatment regimes for HCV patients. Undesirable side effects and immunogenicity of therapeutic IFN products remain obstacles to overcome for further improvements in clinical applications. It is confidently expected that research in the IFN field will continue, not only to face these immediate challenges but also to extend the range of IFN products and clinical targets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100375,"journal":{"name":"Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1594-5804(09)60008-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75384901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Clinical experience with different pegylated interferons: Is there a difference? 不同聚乙二醇化干扰素的临床经验:有区别吗?

Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements Pub Date : 2009-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1594-5804(09)60012-7

P.L. Almasio , G. Esmat , A. Fateen

引用次数: 3