Developmental Brain Research最新文献_第10页

Effect of neonatal spinal transection and dorsal rhizotomy on hindlimb muscles 新生儿脊柱横断和背根切断术对后肢肌肉的影响

Developmental Brain Research Pub Date : 2005-06-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.devbrainres.2005.02.010

A.S. Chatzisotiriou, D. Kapoukranidou, N.E. Gougoulias, M. Albani

{"title":"Effect of neonatal spinal transection and dorsal rhizotomy on hindlimb muscles","authors":"A.S. Chatzisotiriou, D. Kapoukranidou, N.E. Gougoulias, M. Albani","doi":"10.1016/j.devbrainres.2005.02.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.devbrainres.2005.02.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of deafferentation on spinal motoneurons. We studied the effects of spinal cord transection and/or dorsal rhizotomy upon the contractile properties of EDL and soleus muscle, as well as on the number of motoneurons corresponding to these muscles. Neonatal Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups in which spinal midthoracic section (T8–T10), unilateral dorsal lumbar rhizotomy (L3–S2) or both procedures were performed on the second postnatal day (PND2). Another group served as unoperated control. At 2 months of age, the animals were evaluated for the contractile properties of a fast (EDL) and a slow (soleus) muscle. Isometric tension recordings were elicited by way of sciatic nerve branches stimulation. In addition, the incremental method was applied for the determination of the number of motor units supplying the two muscles, which was also verified by using the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method of reverse labeling of motoneurons. Muscle alterations were confirmed by the usual biochemical staining. Our results, in agreement with the data from other researchers, show that significant muscle atrophy takes place after all experimental procedures. Additionally, spinal cord section alters the development of the dynamic properties of soleus muscle, which attains a fast profile. Following transection, the number of motor units remained unaltered, while rhizotomy affected only the soleus by reducing its motor units. The combined procedure affected both muscles, indicating that adequate synaptic input is essential for motoneuron survival.</div>","PeriodicalId":100369,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Brain Research","volume":"157 2","pages":"Pages 113-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.devbrainres.2005.02.010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40934805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Spatiotemporal patterns of neuronal programmed cell death during postnatal development of the gerbil cochlea 沙鼠耳蜗出生后发育过程中神经元程序性细胞死亡的时空模式

Developmental Brain Research Pub Date : 2005-06-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.devbrainres.2005.04.004

Stephen M. Echteler , Thomas Magardino , Matthew Rontal

{"title":"Spatiotemporal patterns of neuronal programmed cell death during postnatal development of the gerbil cochlea","authors":"Stephen M. Echteler , Thomas Magardino , Matthew Rontal","doi":"10.1016/j.devbrainres.2005.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.devbrainres.2005.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div>During early postnatal development, afferent neurons of the cochlear (spiral) ganglion progressively refine their projections to auditory hair cells so that, by hearing onset, most cochlear nerve fibers innervate a single hearing receptor. One mechanism that might contribute to these changes in cochlear innervation is the programmed cell death (apoptosis) of developing neurons within the spiral ganglion. In the present study, we used the TUNEL method and morphological criteria to identify apoptotic cells within the spiral ganglion of the Mongolian gerbil during the first week of postnatal life when afferent projections to the cochlea are actively refined in this species. The locations of individual apoptotic spiral ganglion cells were mapped onto three-dimensional reconstructions of the entire ganglion for an age-graded series of gerbils to produce the first high-resolution, spatiotemporal maps of apoptotic ganglion cell death for the postnatal cochlea. We observed a significant increase in apoptosis in the spiral ganglion from postnatal day (P) 4 through P6. During this time, the most intense apoptotic activity occurred in regions of the spiral ganglion providing innervation to the lower middle and apical turns of the cochlea. The time course and regional variation of programmed cell death within the developing gerbil spiral ganglion are discussed in terms of the postnatal refinement of cochlear innervation and its possible functional significance for hearing in gerbils.</div>","PeriodicalId":100369,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Brain Research","volume":"157 2","pages":"Pages 192-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.devbrainres.2005.04.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40950005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

GABAA receptor β3 subunit gene-deficient heterozygous mice show parent-of-origin and gender-related differences in β3 subunit levels, EEG, and behavior GABAA受体β3亚基基因缺陷杂合小鼠在β3亚基水平、脑电图和行为上表现出亲本来源和性别相关的差异

Developmental Brain Research Pub Date : 2005-06-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.devbrainres.2005.03.014

Patricia Liljelund , Adrian Handforth , Gregg E. Homanics , Richard W. Olsen

{"title":"GABAA receptor β3 subunit gene-deficient heterozygous mice show parent-of-origin and gender-related differences in β3 subunit levels, EEG, and behavior","authors":"Patricia Liljelund , Adrian Handforth , Gregg E. Homanics , Richard W. Olsen","doi":"10.1016/j.devbrainres.2005.03.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.devbrainres.2005.03.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The homozygous knockout mouse for the β3 subunit of the GABAA receptor has been proposed as a model for the neurodevelopmental disorder, Angelman syndrome, based on phenotypic similarities of craniofacial abnormalities, cognitive defects, hyperactivity, motor incoordination, disturbed rest–activity cycles, and epilepsy. Since most children with Angelman syndrome are autosomal heterozygotes of maternal origin, apparently through genomic imprinting, we used gabrb3-deficient heterozygote mice of defined parental origin to investigate whether this phenotype is also maternally imprinted in mouse. Whole brain extracts showed greatly reduced β3 subunit levels in male mice of maternal origin but not in male mice of paternal origin. Females of both parental origin showed greatly reduced β3 subunit levels. Heterozygotes did not exhibit hyperactive circling behavior, convulsions, or electrographically recorded seizures. EEGs showed qualitative differences among heterozygotes, with male mice of maternal origin demonstrating more abnormalities including increased theta activity. Ethosuximide inhibited theta bursts, suggesting an alteration in the thalamocortical relay. Carbamazepine induced EEG slowing in males and EEG acceleration in females, with a larger effect in paternal-origin heterozygotes. Evidence thus suggests both parent-of-origin and gender-related components in developmental regulation of β3 expression, in particular, that the maternally-derived male heterozygote may carry a developmental modification resulting in less β3 protein, which may reflect partial genomic imprinting of the gabrb3 gene in mice.</div>","PeriodicalId":100369,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Brain Research","volume":"157 2","pages":"Pages 150-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.devbrainres.2005.03.014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25096191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 51

Patterns of afferent projections to the dentate gyrus studied in organotypic co-cultures 在器官型共培养中研究齿状回传入投射的模式

Developmental Brain Research Pub Date : 2005-06-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.devbrainres.2005.04.002

Kathleen M. Guthrie , Amy Tran , Janie Baratta , Jen Yu , Richard T. Robertson

{"title":"Patterns of afferent projections to the dentate gyrus studied in organotypic co-cultures","authors":"Kathleen M. Guthrie , Amy Tran , Janie Baratta , Jen Yu , Richard T. Robertson","doi":"10.1016/j.devbrainres.2005.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.devbrainres.2005.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Cholinergic axons originating from the septum form a characteristic layer of preterminal axons and apparent termination in the molecular layer of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. The present study explored the specificity of this characteristic axonal pattern, through the use of organotypic slice co-cultures. Slices of hippocampus were co-cultured with a slice from one of a variety of other potential sources of afferents, and the afferent axons were labeled histochemically or immunocytochemically to determine which afferents distribute within the dentate molecular layer in a pattern similar to that formed by septal cholinergic projections. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry demonstrated that cholinergic axons from septum, substantia innominata, and striatum all consistently targeted the inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. AChE-labeled cholinergic axons from dorsal lateral pontine tegmentum and from spinal cord sometimes formed this pattern, while axons from the habenula failed to extend into the dentate gyrus. Immunocytochemically identified monoaminergic axons from the substantia nigra, locus coeruleus, and raphe extended into co-cultured hippocampus; each of these afferent systems displayed a prominent axonal plexus within the hilus of the dentate, but only the raphe axons projected prominently to the molecular layer. These data demonstrate that the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus provides an attractive target zone for some cholinergic and monoaminergic afferents, but not all. Commonalities between neuronal populations that preferentially project to the molecular layer in vitro may offer clues regarding the axon guidance mechanisms that normally direct cholinergic axons to target sites in the dentate gyrus molecular layer.</div>","PeriodicalId":100369,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Brain Research","volume":"157 2","pages":"Pages 162-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.devbrainres.2005.04.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25099692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Critical periods for the role of oxidative stress in the developmental neurotoxicity of chlorpyrifos and terbutaline, alone or in combination 毒死蜱和特布他林单独或联合使用时氧化应激在发育性神经毒性中的作用的关键时期

Developmental Brain Research Pub Date : 2005-06-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.devbrainres.2005.04.001

Theodore A. Slotkin, Colleen A. Oliver, Frederic J. Seidler

{"title":"Critical periods for the role of oxidative stress in the developmental neurotoxicity of chlorpyrifos and terbutaline, alone or in combination","authors":"Theodore A. Slotkin, Colleen A. Oliver, Frederic J. Seidler","doi":"10.1016/j.devbrainres.2005.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.devbrainres.2005.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The developmental neurotoxicity of chlorpyrifos (CPF) involves mechanisms other than inhibition of cholinesterase. In the current study, we examined the ability of CPF to evoke lipid peroxidation in the developing brain of fetal and neonatal rats. CPF given to pregnant rats on gestational days 17–20 or to neonatal rats on postnatal days 1–4, failed to elicit increases in thiobarbituric acid-reactive species (TBARS) in brain regions even when the dose was raised above the threshold for systemic toxicity and hepatic damage. In contrast, CPF administration during the second postnatal week, the peak period of neuronal cell differentiation and synaptogenesis, did evoke significant increases in TBARS even at a dose devoid of systemic toxicity. Terbutaline, which is chemically unrelated to CPF and which stimulates neuronal cell metabolism through direct actions on β-adrenoceptors, also elicited oxidative damage in the developing brain with greater sensitivity in the second postnatal week. These results indicate that diverse compounds can exert convergent effects on brain development through their shared potential to elicit oxidative stress, and that the net outcome is dependent upon specific developmental stages in which metabolic demand is especially high. Furthermore, given the common use of terbutaline in the therapy of preterm labor, and the nearly ubiquitous exposure of the human population to organophosphorus pesticides, the combined oxidative burden of exposure to both agents may contribute to the worsened neurodevelopmental outcomes noted in animal models of such dual exposures.</div>","PeriodicalId":100369,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Brain Research","volume":"157 2","pages":"Pages 172-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.devbrainres.2005.04.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25142576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 84

Themes and Topics 主题和主题

Developmental Brain Research Pub Date : 2005-06-09 DOI: 10.1016/S0165-3806(05)00142-2

引用次数: 0

Guide for Authors 作者指南

Developmental Brain Research Pub Date : 2005-06-09 DOI: 10.1016/S0165-3806(05)00141-0

引用次数: 0

Change in policy for publishing Reviews in the Brain Research journals 在《大脑研究》杂志上发表评论的政策变化

Developmental Brain Research Pub Date : 2005-06-09 DOI: 10.1016/S0165-3806(05)00138-0

引用次数: 0

Quantitative changes in neuronal and glial cells in the suprachiasmatic nucleus as a function of the lighting conditions during weaning 断奶期间视交叉上核神经元和胶质细胞的定量变化与光照条件的关系

Developmental Brain Research Pub Date : 2005-06-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.devbrainres.2005.02.014

Trinitat Cambras , Laudino López , Jorge Luis Arias , Antoni Díez-Noguera

{"title":"Quantitative changes in neuronal and glial cells in the suprachiasmatic nucleus as a function of the lighting conditions during weaning","authors":"Trinitat Cambras , Laudino López , Jorge Luis Arias , Antoni Díez-Noguera","doi":"10.1016/j.devbrainres.2005.02.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.devbrainres.2005.02.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div>To examine whether lighting conditions during the development of the rat circadian system affect the morphology of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), three groups of rats were born and maintained until they were 24 days old under constant light (LL), constant darkness (DD) or 24-h light–dark cycles (LD, 12-h light and 12-h darkness). We applied a stereological method to study whether these conditions lead to alterations in the volume of the SCN and changes in the total number of neurons and glial cells. While lighting conditions did not induce differences in the SCN volume, the number of both neurons and glial cells did differ between groups. The DD rats showed the lowest number of neurons. Glial cells were also lower in this group than in the other two groups; however the number of glial cells in LL rats was lower than in LD rats. Moreover, females had more glial cells than males but males and females showed a similar number of neurons. These findings indicate the plasticity of the SCN in response to lighting conditions during the developmental stage.</div>","PeriodicalId":100369,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Brain Research","volume":"157 1","pages":"Pages 27-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.devbrainres.2005.02.014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40949960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Regulation of body temperature by thyrotropin-releasing hormone in neonatal chicks 促甲状腺素释放激素对雏鸡体温的调节作用

Developmental Brain Research Pub Date : 2005-06-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.devbrainres.2005.03.004

Hirokazu Takahashi , Masayuki Iigo , Kôichi Ando , Tetsuya Tachibana , D. Michael Denbow , Mitsuhiro Furuse

{"title":"Regulation of body temperature by thyrotropin-releasing hormone in neonatal chicks","authors":"Hirokazu Takahashi , Masayuki Iigo , Kôichi Ando , Tetsuya Tachibana , D. Michael Denbow , Mitsuhiro Furuse","doi":"10.1016/j.devbrainres.2005.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.devbrainres.2005.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div>To understand thermal regulation of neonatal chicks, the contribution of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), a key regulator of the hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid axis, was investigated. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of TRH (5 and 20 μg) increased body temperature, but did not change plasma T3 and T4 concentrations. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) did not influence body temperature.Thereafter, the relationships between TRH and the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis and sympathetic nervous system were further investigated. Central TRH stimulated both corticosterone and epinephrine release. The i.c.v. injection of a corticotropin-releasing factor receptor antagonist attenuated the change in body temperature and corticosterone concentration caused by TRH, but did not influence plasma T3 and T4 concentrations. The i.p. injection of epinephrine did not induce hyperthermia. Therefore, the thermoregulatory response to TRH may differ in neonatal stages being dependent upon the stimulation of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis rather than the hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid axis.</div>","PeriodicalId":100369,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Brain Research","volume":"157 1","pages":"Pages 58-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.devbrainres.2005.03.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40953197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 29