Deep Underground Science and Engineering最新文献

{"title":"A modified damage and fracture phase field model considering heterogeneity for rock-like materials","authors":"Xuxin Chen,&nbsp;Zhe Qin","doi":"10.1002/dug2.12048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dug2.12048","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Damage and fracture are the most extensive failure modes of rock materials, which may easily induce disaster and instability of engineering structures. This study developed a nonlocal damage fracture phase field model for rocks considering the heterogeneity of rocks. The modified phase field model introduced the heterogeneity of fracture parameters and modified the governing equations. Meanwhile, the free energy was constructed by the elastic strain energy sphere-bias decomposition and the plastic strain energy. As for the numerical implementation, the three layers finite elements method structure was used in the frame of the finite element method. The ability of the modified phase field model has been illustrated by reproducing the experiment results of rock samples with pre-existing cracks under compression.</p>","PeriodicalId":100363,"journal":{"name":"Deep Underground Science and Engineering","volume":"2 3","pages":"286-294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dug2.12048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50139586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupling effects of temperature, confining pressure, and pore pressure on permeability and average pore size of Longmaxi shale","authors":"Xiaoyan Zhang,&nbsp;Hongsen Li,&nbsp;Xue Tan,&nbsp;Guoliang Li,&nbsp;Hua Jiang","doi":"10.1002/dug2.12047","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dug2.12047","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The evolution due to temperature and pressure of shale reservoir permeability affects the productivity evaluation and development decision of shale gas reservoirs, which is very important for the exploration and development of unconventional gas reservoirs. This study analyzed the coupling effects of temperature (25, 50, and 75°C), effective stress (15 and 30 MPa), and pore pressure (0.5, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 MPa) on the permeability of the shale sample in the Longmaxi Formation. As the temperature and pressure increased, the apparent permeability exhibited a downward trend, and the absolute permeability decreased with the rise of temperature or effective stress. An in-depth analysis of the gas slippage factors under the conditions of different temperature and pressure was conducted to evaluate the trend of the average pore width with temperature and pressure. The results were then verified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results provide new insights into evaluating the permeability of the Longmaxi shale and can be used to enhance the gas recovery rate of deep shale gas reservoirs.</p>","PeriodicalId":100363,"journal":{"name":"Deep Underground Science and Engineering","volume":"2 4","pages":"359-370"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dug2.12047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74211348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shaking table test and cumulative deformation evaluation analysis of a tunnel across the hauling sliding surface","authors":"Lifang Pai,&nbsp;Honggang Wu,&nbsp;Xu Wang","doi":"10.1002/dug2.12046","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dug2.12046","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To explore the cumulative deformation effect of the dynamic response of a tunnel crossing the hauling sliding surface under earthquakes, the shaking table test was conducted in this study. Combined with the numerical calculations, this study proposed magnification of the Arias intensity (<i>M</i>_<i>I</i>a) to characterize the overall local deformation damage of the tunnel lining in terms of the deformation characteristics, frequency domain, and energy. Using the time-domain analysis method, the plastic effect coefficient (PEC) was proposed to characterize the degree of plastic deformation, and the applicability of the seismic cumulative failure effect (SCFE) was discussed. The results show that the low-frequency component (<i>f</i>₁ and <i>f</i>₂ ≤ 10 Hz) and the high-frequency component (<i>f</i>₃ and <i>f</i>₄ &gt; 10 Hz) acceleration mainly cause global and local deformation of the tunnel lining. The local deformation caused by the high-frequency wave has an important effect on the seismic damage of the lining. The physical meaning of PEC is more clearly defined than that of the residual strain, and the SCFE of the tunnel lining can also be defined. The SCFE of the tunnel lining includes the elastic deformation effect stage (&lt;0.15<i>g</i>), the elastic–plastic deformation effect stage (0.15<i>g</i>–0.30<i>g</i>), and the plastic deformation effect stage (0.30<i>g</i>–0.40<i>g</i>). This study can provide valuable theoretical and technical support for the construction of traffic tunnels in high-intensity earthquake areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":100363,"journal":{"name":"Deep Underground Science and Engineering","volume":"2 4","pages":"371-393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dug2.12046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79928438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Excavation compensation theory and supplementary technology system for large deformation disasters","authors":"Manchao He,&nbsp;Qiru Sui,&nbsp;Zhigang Tao","doi":"10.1002/dug2.12043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dug2.12043","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Given the challenges in managing large deformation disasters in energy engineering, traffic tunnel engineering, and slope engineering, the excavation compensation theory has been proposed for large deformation disasters and the supplementary technology system is developed accordingly. This theory is based on the concept that “all destructive behaviors in tunnel engineering originate from excavation.” This paper summarizes the development of the excavation compensation theory in five aspects: the “theory,” “equipment,” “technology,” the design method with large deformation mechanics, and engineering applications. First, the calculation method for compensation force has been developed based on this theory, and a comprehensive large deformation disaster control theory system is formed. Second, a negative Poisson's ratio anchor cable with high preload, large deformation, and super energy absorption characteristics has been independently developed and applied to large deformation disaster control. An intelligent tunnel monitoring and early warning cloud platform system are established for remote monitoring and early warning system of Newton force in landslide geological hazards. Third, the double gradient advance grouting technology, the two-dimensional blasting technology, and the integrated Newton force monitoring––early warning––control technology are developed for different engineering environments. Finally, some applications of this theory in China's energy, traffic tunnels, landslide, and other field projects have been analyzed, which successfully demonstrates the capability of this theory in large deformation disaster control.</p>","PeriodicalId":100363,"journal":{"name":"Deep Underground Science and Engineering","volume":"2 2","pages":"105-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dug2.12043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50122974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visualizing experimental investigation on gas–liquid replacements in a microcleat model using the reconstruction method","authors":"Shaojie Chen,&nbsp;Jicheng Zhang,&nbsp;Dawei Yin,&nbsp;Faxin Li,&nbsp;Jialin Lu,&nbsp;Peiyang Zhu","doi":"10.1002/dug2.12044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dug2.12044","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cleats are the main channels for fluid transport in coal reservoirs. However, the microscale flow characteristics of both gas and water phases in primary cleats have not been fully studied as yet. Accordingly, the local morphological features of the cleat were determined using image processing technology and a transparent cleat structure model was constructed by microfluidic lithography using the multiphase fluid visualization test system. Besides, the effect of microchannel tortuosity characteristics on two-phase flow was analyzed in this study. The results are as follows: (1) The local width of the original cleat structure of coal was strongly nonhomogeneous. The cleats showed contraction and expansion in the horizontal direction and undulating characteristics in the vertical direction. (2) The transient flow velocity fluctuated due to the structural characteristics of the primary cleat. The water-driven gas interface showed concave and convex instability during flow, whereas the gas-driven water interface presented a relatively stable concave surface. (3) The meniscus advanced in a symmetrical pattern in the flat channel, and the flow stagnated due to the influence of undulation points in a partially curved channel. The flow would continue only when the meniscus surface bypassed the stagnation point and reached a new equilibrium position. (4) Enhanced shearing at the gas–liquid interface increased the gas-injection pressure, which in turn increased residual liquids in wall grooves and liquid films on the wall surface.</p>","PeriodicalId":100363,"journal":{"name":"Deep Underground Science and Engineering","volume":"2 3","pages":"295-303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dug2.12044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50154301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seabed structures and foundations related to deep-sea resource development: A review based on design and research","authors":"Shengjie Rui,&nbsp;Haojie Zhang,&nbsp;Hang Xu,&nbsp;Xing Zha,&nbsp;Mengtao Xu,&nbsp;Kanmin Shen","doi":"10.1002/dug2.12042","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dug2.12042","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The deep-sea ground contains a huge amount of energy and mineral resources, for example, oil, gas, and minerals. Various infrastructures such as floating structures, seabed structures, and foundations have been developed to exploit these resources. The seabed structures and foundations can be mainly classified into three types: subsea production structures, offshore pipelines, and anchors. This study reviewed the development, installation, and operation of these infrastructures, including their structures, design, installation, marine environment loads, and applications. On this basis, the research gaps and further research directions were explored through this literature review. First, different floating structures were briefly analyzed and reviewed to introduce the design requirements of the seabed structures and foundations. Second, the subsea production structures, including subsea manifolds and their foundations, were reviewed and discussed. Third, the basic characteristics and design methods of deep-sea pipelines, including subsea pipelines and risers, were analyzed and reviewed. Finally, the installation and bearing capacity of deep-sea subsea anchors and seabed trench influence on the anchor were reviewed. Through the review, it was found that marine environment conditions are the key inputs for any offshore structure design. The fabrication, installation, and operation of infrastructures should carefully consider the marine loads and geological conditions. Different structures have their own mechanical problems. The fatigue and stability of pipelines mainly depend on the soil-structure interaction. Anchor selection should consider soil types and possible trench formation. These focuses and research gaps can provide a helpful guide on further research, installation, and operation of deep-sea structures and foundations.</p>","PeriodicalId":100363,"journal":{"name":"Deep Underground Science and Engineering","volume":"3 2","pages":"131-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dug2.12042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84317155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A research on excavation compensation theory for large deformation disaster control and a review on the multiphysical–multiscale responses of salt rock for underground gas storage","authors":"Jianguo Wang,&nbsp;Heping Xie,&nbsp;Chunfai Leung,&nbsp;Xiaozhao Li","doi":"10.1002/dug2.12045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dug2.12045","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We highlight two articles in this issue: A research article titled “Excavation compensation theory and supplementary technology system for large deformation disasters” by Manchao He et al. and a review article titled “Mineralogy, microstructures and geomechanics of rock salt for underground gas storage” by Veerle Vandeginste et al.</p><p>The research article “Excavation compensation theory and supplementary technology system for large deformation disasters” by the team of Academician Manchao He comprehensively and systemically summarized their long-term research outcomes on excavation compensation theory and its supporting technology system. The capability of excavation compensation theory in finding effective solutions to large deformation disaster control in underground engineering was demonstrated through its successful applications in various engineering projects. We are sure that this theory and its supporting technologies as well as equipment represent valuable contributions to geotechnical and deep underground engineering.</p><p>This excavation compensation theory for the large deformation disaster control is based on the concept that “all damage in tunnel engineering is caused by excavation.” The authors systematically summarized its five components: concept, equipment, technique, design methods with large deformation mechanics, and engineering applications. According to the excavation compensation theory, any supporting system can provide a compensation force for the restoration of the stress state in the surrounding rock to its original stress state as much as possible. Through compensation force calculations, the authors found that high-stress compensation was the most effective means for excavation disturbance control, which could prevent damage in deeply burial tunnels. They proposed a design method and a small deformation criterion for large deformation disaster control based on large deformation mechanics. This design method largely extends the traditional design methods for the excavation of shallow tunnel to deep tunnels.</p><p>The authors described their efforts toward the development of supporting equipment such as NPR anchor rods/cables with high resistance, large deformation, and shock resistance. These mechanical properties can effectively achieve the goal of high-stress compensation. They developed an integrated system for comprehensive monitoring, early warning, and control of rock mass large deformation disasters, a tunnel intelligent monitoring and early warning cloud platform system, and a Newton force remote monitoring and early warning system.</p><p>The authors developed a series of supporting technologies for different geological conditions. The dual-gradient advanced grouting technology can effectively improve the strength of surrounding rocks in fault fracture zones. The NPR materials can achieve a high-stress compensation for large deformations in surrounding rocks of fault fracture zone tunnels. Two-dimensiona","PeriodicalId":100363,"journal":{"name":"Deep Underground Science and Engineering","volume":"2 2","pages":"103-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dug2.12045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50153740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety analysis of Sormeh underground mine to improve sublevel stoping stability","authors":"Mostafa Hosseini,&nbsp;Amin Azhari,&nbsp;Rahman Lotfi,&nbsp;Alireza Baghbanan","doi":"10.1002/dug2.12041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dug2.12041","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In underground mines, sublevel stoping is used among a variety of different methods for mining an orebody, which creates large underground openings. In this case, the stability of these openings is affected by a number of factors, including the geometrical characteristics of the rock and mining-induced stresses. In this study, a sensitivity analysis was conducted with the numerical, squat pillar, and Mathews stability methods using the Taguchi technique to properly understand the influence of geometric parameters and stress on stope stability according to Sormeh underground mine data. The results show a full factorial analysis is more reliable since stope stability is a complex process. Furthermore, the numerical results indicate that overburden stress has the most impact on stope stability, followed by stope height. However, the results obtained with Mathews and squat pillar methods show that stope height has the greatest impact, followed by overburden stress and span. It appears that these methods overestimate the impact of stope height. Therefore, it is highly recommended that Mathews and squat pillar methods should not be used in high stope that is divided with several sill pillars. Nonetheless, Mathews method cannot accurately predict how the sill pillar impacts the stope stability. In addition, numerical analysis shows that all geometric parameters affect the roof safety factor, whereas the sill pillar has no significant influence on the safety factor of the hanging wall, which is primarily determined by the stope height–span ratio.</p>","PeriodicalId":100363,"journal":{"name":"Deep Underground Science and Engineering","volume":"2 2","pages":"173-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dug2.12041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50138248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineralogy, microstructures and geomechanics of rock salt for underground gas storage","authors":"Veerle Vandeginste,&nbsp;Yukun Ji,&nbsp;Frank Buysschaert,&nbsp;George Anoyatis","doi":"10.1002/dug2.12039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dug2.12039","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rock salt has excellent properties for its use as underground leak-proof containers for the storage of renewable energy. Salt solution mining has long been used for salt mining, and can now be employed in the construction of underground salt caverns for the storage of hydrogen gas. This paper presents a wide range of methods to study the mineralogy, geochemistry, microstructure and geomechanical characteristics of rock salt, which are important in the engineering of safe underground storage rock salt caverns. The mineralogical composition of rock salt varies and is linked to its depositional environment and diagenetic alterations. The microstructure in rock salt is related to cataclastic deformation, diffusive mass transfer and intracrystalline plastic deformation, which can then be associated with the macrostructural geomechanical behavior. Compared to other types of rock, rock salt exhibits creep at lower temperatures. This behavior can be divided into three phases based on the changes in strain with time. However, at very low effective confining pressure and high deviatoric stress, rock salt can exhibit dilatant behavior, where brittle deformation could compromise the safety of underground gas storage in rock salt caverns. The proposed review presents the impact of purity, geochemistry and water content of rock salt on its geomechanical behavior, and thus, on the safety of the caverns.</p>","PeriodicalId":100363,"journal":{"name":"Deep Underground Science and Engineering","volume":"2 2","pages":"129-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dug2.12039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50125528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multiphysical-geochemical coupling model for caprock sealing efficiency in CO2 geosequestration","authors":"Jianguo Wang,&nbsp;Huimin Wang,&nbsp;Xiaolin Wang,&nbsp;Shengqi Yang,&nbsp;Hongtao Wu,&nbsp;Chunfai Leung,&nbsp;Jiali Tian","doi":"10.1002/dug2.12040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dug2.12040","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Precipitation or dissolution due to geochemical reactions has been observed in the caprocks for CO₂ geosequestration. Geochemical reactions modify the caprock sealing efficiency with self-limiting or self-enhancement. However, the effect of this modification on the caprock sealing efficiency has not been fully investigated through multiphysical-geochemical coupling analysis. In this study, a multiphysical-geochemical coupling model was proposed to analyze caprock sealing efficiency. This coupling model considered the full couplings of caprock deformation, two-phase flow, CO₂ concentration diffusion, geochemical reaction, and CO₂ sorption. The two-phase flow only occurs in the fracture network and the CO₂ may partially dissolve into water and diffuse through the concentration difference. The dissolved CO₂ has geochemical reactions with some critical minerals, thus altering flow channels. The CO₂ in the fracture network diffuses into matrix, causing the matrix swelling. This fully coupling model was validated with a penetration experiment on a cement cube and compared with two other models for CO₂ storage plumes. Finally, the effects of geochemical reactions on penetration depth and pore pressure were studied through parametric study. The numerical simulations reveal that the coupling of geochemical reactions and matrix diffusion significantly affect the caprock sealing efficiency. Geochemical reactions occur at a short time after the arrival of CO₂ concentration and modify the fracture porosity. The CO₂ diffusion into the matrix requires a much longer time and mainly induces matrix swelling. These effects may produce self-enhancement or self-limiting depending on the flow rate in the fracture network, thus significantly modifying caprock sealing efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":100363,"journal":{"name":"Deep Underground Science and Engineering","volume":"2 2","pages":"188-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dug2.12040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50132552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}