Deep Underground Science and Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Impact of well placement and flow rate on production efficiency and stress field in the fractured geothermal reservoirs","authors":"Xinghui Wu,&nbsp;Meifeng Cai,&nbsp;Xu Wu,&nbsp;Ketong Zhang,&nbsp;Ziqing Yin,&nbsp;Yu Zhu","doi":"10.1002/dug2.12072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dug2.12072","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Geothermal energy has gained wide attention as a renewable alternative for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. The advancements in enhanced geothermal system technology have enabled the exploitation of previously inaccessible geothermal resources. However, the extraction of geothermal energy from deep reservoirs poses many challenges due to high-temperature and high-geostress conditions. These factors can significantly impact the surrounding rock and its fracture formation. A comprehensive understanding of the thermal–hydraulic–mechanical (THM) coupling effect is crucial to the safe and efficient exploitation of geothermal resources. This study presented a THM coupling numerical model for the geothermal reservoir of the Yangbajing geothermal system. This proposed model investigated the geothermal exploitation performance and the stress distribution within the reservoir under various combinations of geothermal wells and mass flow rates. The geothermal system performance was evaluated by the criteria of outlet temperature and geothermal productivity. The results indicate that the longer distance between wells can increase the outlet temperature of production wells and improve extraction efficiency in the short term. In contrast, the shorter distance between wells can reduce the heat exchange area and thus mitigate the impact on the reservoir stress. A larger mass flow rate is conducive to the production capacity enhancement of the geothermal system and, in turn causes a wider range of stress disturbance. These findings provide valuable insights into the optimization of geothermal energy extraction while considering reservoir safety and long-term sustainability. This study deepens the understanding of the THM coupling effects in geothermal systems and provides an efficient and environmentally friendly strategy for a geothermal energy system.</p>","PeriodicalId":100363,"journal":{"name":"Deep Underground Science and Engineering","volume":"3 3","pages":"358-368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dug2.12072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A preliminary site selection system for underground hydrogen storage in salt caverns and its application in Pingdingshan, China","authors":"Liangchao Huang,&nbsp;Yanli Fang,&nbsp;Zhengmeng Hou,&nbsp;Yachen Xie,&nbsp;Lin Wu,&nbsp;Jiashun Luo,&nbsp;Qichen Wang,&nbsp;Yilin Guo,&nbsp;Wei Sun","doi":"10.1002/dug2.12069","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dug2.12069","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Large-scale underground hydrogen storage (UHS) provides a promising method for increasing the role of hydrogen in the process of carbon neutrality and energy transition. Of all the existing storage deposits, salt caverns are recognized as ideal sites for pure hydrogen storage. Evaluation and optimization of site selection for hydrogen storage facilities in salt caverns have become significant issues. In this article, the software CiteSpace is used to analyze and filter hot topics in published research. Based on a detailed classification and analysis, a “four-factor” model for the site selection of salt cavern hydrogen storage is proposed, encompassing the dynamic demands of hydrogen energy, geological, hydrological, and ground factors of salt mines. Subsequently, 20 basic indicators for comprehensive suitability grading of the target site were screened using the analytic hierarchy process and expert survey methods were adopted, which provided a preliminary site selection system for salt cavern hydrogen storage. Ultimately, the developed system was applied for the evaluation of salt cavern hydrogen storage sites in the salt mines of Pingdingshan City, Henan Province, thereby confirming its rationality and effectiveness. This research provides a feasible method and theoretical basis for the site selection of UHS in salt caverns in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":100363,"journal":{"name":"Deep Underground Science and Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"117-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dug2.12069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138948727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flow field analysis and particle erosion of tunnel-slope systems under coupling between runoff and fast (slow) seepage","authors":"Shuai Zhang,&nbsp;Danqing Song,&nbsp;Ruiliang Zhang,&nbsp;Kai Zhang,&nbsp;Qi Zhao,&nbsp;Suraksha Sharma","doi":"10.1002/dug2.12062","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dug2.12062","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The presence of particles on the surface of a tunnel slope renders it susceptible to erosion by water flow, which is a major cause of soil and water loss. In this study, a nonlinear mathematical model and a mechanical equilibrium model are developed to investigate the distribution of flow fields and particle motion characteristics of tunnel slopes, respectively. The mathematical model of flow fields comprises three parts: a runoff region, a highly permeable soil layer, and a weakly permeable soil layer. The Navier‒Stokes equation controls fluid motion in the runoff region, while the Brinkman-extended Darcy equation governs fast and slow seepage in the highly and weakly permeable soil layers, respectively. Analytical solutions are derived for the velocity profile and shear stress expression of the model flow field under the boundary condition of continuous transition of velocity and stress at the fluid‒solid interface. The shear stress distribution shows that the shear stress at the tunnel-slope surface is the largest, followed by the shear stress of the soil interface, indicating that particles in these two locations are most vulnerable to erosion. A mechanical equilibrium model of sliding and rolling of single particles is established at the fluid‒solid interface, and the safety factor of particle motion (sliding and rolling) is derived. Sensitivity analysis shows that by increasing the runoff depth, slope angle, and soil permeability, the erosion of soil particles will be aggravated on the tunnel-slope surface, but by increasing the particle diameter, particle-specific gravity, and particle stacking angle, the erosion resistance ability of the tunnel-slope surface particles will be enhanced. This study can serve as a reference for the analysis of surface soil and water loss in tunnel-slope systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":100363,"journal":{"name":"Deep Underground Science and Engineering","volume":"3 4","pages":"385-398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dug2.12062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139172422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical properties and fracture surface roughness of thermally damaged granite under dynamic splitting","authors":"Yijin Qian,&nbsp;Peng Jia,&nbsp;Songze Mao,&nbsp;Jialiang Lu","doi":"10.1002/dug2.12065","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dug2.12065","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In order to understand the mechanical properties and the fracture surface roughness characteristics of thermally damaged granite under dynamic splitting, dynamic Brazilian splitting tests were conducted on granite samples after thermal treatment at 25, 200, 400, and 600°C. Results show that the dynamic peak splitting strength of thermally damaged granite samples increases with increasing strain rate, showing obvious strain-rate sensitivity. With increasing temperature, thermally induced cracks in granite transform from intergranular cracks to intragranular cracks, and to a transgranular crack network. Thermally induced damages reduce the dynamic peak splitting strength and the maximum absorbed energy while increasing the peak radial strain. The fracture mode of the thermally damaged granite under dynamic loads is mode II splitting failure. By using the axial roughness index <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msubsup>\u0000 <mi>Z</mi>\u0000 \u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 \u0000 <mi>a</mi>\u0000 </msubsup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${Z}_{2}^{{rm{a}}}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, the distribution ranges of the wedge-shaped failure zones and the tensile failure zones in the fracture surfaces under dynamic Brazilian splitting can be effectively identified. The radial roughness index <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msubsup>\u0000 <mi>Z</mi>\u0000 \u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 \u0000 <mi>r</mi>\u0000 </msubsup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${Z}_{2}^{{rm{r}}}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> is sensitive to the strain rate and temperature. It shows a linear correlation with the peak splitting strength and the maximum absorbed energy and a linear negative correlation with the peak radial strain. <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msubsup>\u0000 <mi>Z</mi>\u0000 \u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 \u0000 <mi>r</mi>\u0000 </msubsup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${Z}_{2}^{{rm{r}}}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> can be used to quantitatively estimate the dynamic parameters based on the models proposed.</p>","PeriodicalId":100363,"journal":{"name":"Deep Underground Science and Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"103-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dug2.12065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139172411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case study of performance assessment of overlapping shield tunnels with a small curve radius","authors":"Xu Zhang,&nbsp;Bin Luo,&nbsp;Youjun Xu,&nbsp;Chenxu Zhao,&nbsp;Huachuan Wang","doi":"10.1002/dug2.12066","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dug2.12066","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Due to the network planning of subways and their surrounding structures, increasingly more overlapping shields with a small curve radius have been constructed. A newly constructed upper tunnel partly overlaps a lower one, leading to the extremely complex uplift of the lower tunnel caused by the construction of a new tunnel. Based on the shield-driven project that runs from the Qinghe Xiaoyingqiao Station to the Qinghe Station in Beijing, which adopts the reinforcement measures of interlayer soil grouting and steel supports on site, in this study, the uplift pattern of the lower tunnel and the stress characteristics of steel supports were investigated through numerical simulations and on-site monitoring. The study results show that among all tunnel segments, the first segment of the shield witnesses a maximum uplift displacement that increases with the horizontal space between tunnels. On using either interlayer soil grouting or steel-ring bracing reinforcement, the uplift of the tunnel lining exceeds the control value; by contrast, when these two measures are jointly applied, the uplift of the tunnel lining does not exceed a maximum value of 4.87 mm, which can satisfy the requirements of deformation control. Under these two joint measures, the soil strength between two stacked shield tunnels can be enhanced and the uplift deformation can be restricted with the interlayer soil grouting. Also, the segmental deformation and overall stability of the existing tunnel can be controlled with the temporary steel supports. The deformation of circumferential supports and segments is closely related to each other, and the segmental uplift is controlled by H-shaped steel supports. With the increase in the horizontal space between twin shields, the effect of the construction would gradually weaken, accompanied by a gradual reduction of the stresses of steel supports. These findings provide a valuable reference for the engineering design and safe construction of overlapping shield tunnels with a small curve radius.</p>","PeriodicalId":100363,"journal":{"name":"Deep Underground Science and Engineering","volume":"3 4","pages":"481-496"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dug2.12066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139010355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal mapping of (ultra-)mafic magmatic mine areas: Implications of economic and political realities in China","authors":"Heling Li,&nbsp;Liang Tang,&nbsp;Tim T. Werner,&nbsp;Zhengmeng Hou,&nbsp;Fan Meng,&nbsp;Jingjing Li","doi":"10.1002/dug2.12067","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dug2.12067","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The spatiotemporal extension/expansion of mine areas is affected by multiple factors. So far, very little has been done to examine the interaction between mine areas and political or economic realities. The (ultra-)mafic magmatic mines in China played a specific role in supporting national development and providing an ideal research subject for monitoring their interrelationship. In this study, remote sensing and mining-related GIS data were used to identify and analyze 1233 (ultra-)mafic magmatic mine area polygons in China, which covered approximately 322.96 km² of land and included a V–Ti–Fe mine, a copper–nickel mine, a chromite mine, an asbestos mine, and a diamond mine. It was found that (1) the areal expansion of mines is significantly related to the mine types, perimeter, topography, and population density. (2) The mine area variation also reflects market and policy realities. The temporal expansion of the mine area from 2010 to 2020 followed an S-shaped pattern (with the turning point occurring in 2014), closely related to iron overcapacity and tightened mining policies. (3) The complexity (<i>D</i>) of the mine area may reflect mine design and excavation practices. To be specific, lower <i>D</i> indicates early-stage or artisanal/small-scale mining, whereas higher <i>D</i> represents large-scale mining. This study demonstrates that the detailed mapping of mine land can serve as an indicator to implement mining-related market and policy changes. The (ultra-)mafic mines area data set can be accessed at https://zenodo.org/record/7636616#.Y-p0uXaZOa0.</p>","PeriodicalId":100363,"journal":{"name":"Deep Underground Science and Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"91-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dug2.12067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138593502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on damage failure mechanism and dynamic mechanical behavior of layered shale with different angles under confining pressure","authors":"Ning Luo,&nbsp;Haohao Zhang,&nbsp;Yabo Chai,&nbsp;Penglong Li,&nbsp;Cheng Zhai,&nbsp;Jianan Zhou,&nbsp;Tianran Ma","doi":"10.1002/dug2.12063","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dug2.12063","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The hydrostatic or confining pressure of deep rocks has a significant impact on the mechanical behavior of brittle materials. Especially when confining pressure is applied, the mechanical properties of rock materials will undergo significant changes. Considering that the process of shale sample subjected to impact load is in a closed container in the dynamic triaxial SHPB test, the failure process of the sample cannot be observed. Meanwhile, the activation volume of the shale sample would be large and local failure would occur in the test under the high strain rate loading. Therefore, the finite element model of shale considering the bedding effect under confining pressure was established in this study. Taking shale materials with different bedding dip angles as simulation objects, the dynamic failure characteristics of shale were studied using the dynamic analysis software ANSYS/LS-DYNA from three aspects: stress-strain curve, failure growth process, and failure morphology. The research results obtained can serve as the key technical parameters for deep resource extraction.</p>","PeriodicalId":100363,"journal":{"name":"Deep Underground Science and Engineering","volume":"2 4","pages":"337-345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dug2.12063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138593324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and applications of the quasi-dynamic triaxial apparatus for deep rocks","authors":"Jinzhi Luo,&nbsp;Yanyan Cai,&nbsp;Jin Yu,&nbsp;Jianzhi Zhang,&nbsp;Yaoliang Zhu,&nbsp;Yao Wei","doi":"10.1002/dug2.12061","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dug2.12061","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The mechanical behaviors of deep rocks have always posed a challenge for the implementation and safe operation of major underground engineering projects. To this end, this study modified the existing mainstream rock mechanics instruments equipped with a dynamic disturbance loading system and developed a second-generation TFD-2000/D triaxial instrument. The first-generation device is equipped with an independent disturbance system and an advanced EDC-580 all-digital servo controller, which can apply disturbing load independently, implement the function of cyclic disturbance, and combine dynamic and static disturbances. The instrument was found to be reliable for use in analyzing the damage process of rocks in the disturbance test of marbles. The second-generation instrument tackles three limitations of the first-generation instrument: (i) it upgrades the strain measurement system and uses extensometers with linear variable differential transformers to accurately measure deformation; (ii) it uses the self-balanced chamber to replace the Hoek–Franklin triaxial cell and auto-balancing triaxial pressure chamber; and (iii) the loading rod is independently equipped with an EDC-580 all-digital servo controller, which measures precise loads. The experimental findings confirmed that the second-generation instrument can be used for rock mechanics testing under cyclic disturbance loading, the disturbance–stress relaxation cycle, and the creep–fatigue cycle. In this sense, the second-generation instrument can be a useful addition to deep rock mechanical instruments and provide a valuable reference.</p>","PeriodicalId":100363,"journal":{"name":"Deep Underground Science and Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"70-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dug2.12061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138595612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamically triggered seismicity on a tectonic scale: A review","authors":"Chengzhi Qi,&nbsp;Mingyang Wang,&nbsp;Gevorg Kocharyan,&nbsp;Artem Kunitskikh,&nbsp;Zefan Wang","doi":"10.1002/dug2.12060","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dug2.12060","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Earthquakes triggered by dynamic disturbances have been confirmed by numerous observations and experiments. In the past several decades, earthquake triggering has attracted increasing attention of scholars in relation to exploring the mechanism of earthquake triggering, earthquake prediction, and the desire to use the mechanism of earthquake triggering to reduce, prevent, or trigger earthquakes. Natural earthquakes and large-scale explosions are the most common sources of dynamic disturbances that trigger earthquakes. In the past several decades, some models have been developed, including static, dynamic, quasi-static, and other models. Some reviews have been published, but explosion-triggered seismicity was not included. In recent years, some new results on earthquake triggering have emerged. Therefore, this paper presents a new review to reflect the new results and include the content of explosion-triggered earthquakes for the reference of scholars in this area. Instead of a complete review of the relevant literature, this paper primarily focuses on the main aspects of dynamic earthquake triggering on a tectonic scale and makes some suggestions on issues that need to be resolved in this area in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":100363,"journal":{"name":"Deep Underground Science and Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dug2.12060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139201839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and application of novel high-efficiency composite ultrafine cement grouts for roadway in fractured surrounding rocks","authors":"Maolin Tian,&nbsp;Shaojie Chen,&nbsp;Lijun Han,&nbsp;Hongtian Xiao","doi":"10.1002/dug2.12058","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dug2.12058","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The fractured surrounding rocks of roadways pose major challenges to safe mining. Grouting has often been used to reinforce the surrounding rocks to mitigate the safety risks associated with fractured rocks. The aim of this study is to develop highly efficient composite ultrafine cement (CUC) grouts to reinforce the roadway in fractured surrounding rocks. The materials used are ultrafine cement (UC), ultrafine fly ash (UF), ultrafine slag (US), and additives (superplasticizer [SUP], aluminate ultrafine expansion agent [AUA], gypsum, and retarder). The fluidity, bleeding, shrinkage, setting time, chemical composition, microstructure, degree of hydration, and mechanical property of grouting materials were evaluated in this study. Also, a suitable and effective CUC grout mixture was used to reinforce the roadway in the fractured surrounding rock. The results have shown that the addition of UF and US reduces the plastic viscosity of CUC, and the best fluidity can be obtained by adding 40% UF and 10% US. Since UC and UF particles are small, the pozzolanic effect of UF promotes the hydration reaction, which is conductive to the stability of CUC grouts. In addition, fine particles of UC, UF, and US can effectively fill the pores, while the volumetric expansion of AUA and gypsum decreases the pores and thus affects the microstructure of the solidified grout. The compressive test results have shown that the addition of specific amounts of UF and US can ameliorate the mechanical properties of CUC grouts. Finally, the CUC_22-8 grout was used to reinforce the No. 20322 belt roadway. The results of numerical simulation and field monitoring have indicated that grouting can efficaciously reinforce the surrounding rock of the roadway. In this research, high-performance CUC grouts were developed for surrounding rock reinforcement of underground engineering by utilizing UC and some additives.</p>","PeriodicalId":100363,"journal":{"name":"Deep Underground Science and Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"53-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dug2.12058","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135479750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}