Deep Underground Science and Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Applications of artificial intelligence in geothermal resource exploration: A review","authors":"Mahmoud AlGaiar,&nbsp;Mamdud Hossain,&nbsp;Andrei Petrovski,&nbsp;Aref Lashin,&nbsp;Nadimul Faisal","doi":"10.1002/dug2.12122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dug2.12122","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Artificial intelligence (AI) has become increasingly important in geothermal exploration, significantly improving the efficiency of resource identification. This review examines current AI applications, focusing on the algorithms used, the challenges addressed, and the opportunities created. In addition, the review highlights the growth of machine learning applications in geothermal exploration over the past decade, demonstrating how AI has improved the analysis of subsurface data to identify potential resources. AI techniques such as neural networks, support vector machines, and decision trees are used to estimate subsurface temperatures, predict rock and fluid properties, and identify optimal drilling locations. In particular, neural networks are the most widely used technique, further contributing to improved exploration efficiency. However, the widespread adoption of AI in geothermal exploration is hindered by challenges, such as data accessibility, data quality, and the need for tailored data science training for industry professionals. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the importance of data engineering methodologies, data scaling, and standardization to enable the development of accurate and generalizable AI models for geothermal exploration. It is concluded that the integration of AI into geothermal exploration holds great promise for accelerating the development of geothermal energy resources. By effectively addressing key challenges and leveraging AI technologies, the geothermal industry can unlock cost-effective and sustainable power generation opportunities.</p>","PeriodicalId":100363,"journal":{"name":"Deep Underground Science and Engineering","volume":"3 3","pages":"269-285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dug2.12122","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of the disturbing effect of roadways through faults on the faults' stability and slip characteristics","authors":"Shuaifeng Lu,&nbsp;Andrew Chan,&nbsp;Xiaolin Wang,&nbsp;Shanyong Wang,&nbsp;Zhijun Wan,&nbsp;Jingyi Cheng","doi":"10.1002/dug2.12119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dug2.12119","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In order to mitigate the risk of geological disasters induced by fault activation when roadways intersect reverse faults in coal mining, this paper uses a combination of mechanical models with PFC^2D software. A mechanical model is introduced to represent various fault angles, followed by a series of PFC^2D loading and unloading tests to validate the model and investigate fault instability and crack propagation under different excavation rates and angles. The results show that (1) the theoretical fault model, impacted by roadway advancing, shows a linear reduction in horizontal stress at a rate of −2.01 MPa/m, while vertical stress increases linearly at 4.02 MPa/m. (2) At field excavation speeds of 2.4, 4.8, 7.2, and 9.6 m/day, the vertical loading rates for the model are 2.23, 4.47, 6.70, and 8.93 Pa/s, respectively. (3) Roadway advancement primarily causes tensile-compressive failures in front of the roadway, with a decrease in tensile cracks as the stress rate increases. (4) An increase in the fault angle leads to denser cracking on the fault plane, with negligible cracking near the fault itself. The dominant crack orientation is approximately 90°, aligned with the vertical stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":100363,"journal":{"name":"Deep Underground Science and Engineering","volume":"3 4","pages":"399-412"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dug2.12119","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143248171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geothermal energy for sustainable and green energy supply in the future","authors":"Chunfai Leung,&nbsp;Jianguo Wang,&nbsp;Heping Xie,&nbsp;Xiaozhao Li","doi":"10.1002/dug2.12121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dug2.12121","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Deep Underground Science and Engineering&lt;/i&gt; (DUSE) publishes this special issue on geothermal energy. The guest editors of this special issue are Prof. Ranjith Pathegama Gamage (Monash University, Australia), Prof. Zhongwei Huang (China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China), and Prof. Bing Bai (Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China). Geothermal energy is one sustainable and renewable energy and currently a hot research topic in research and development. Geothermal energy supply is one of the long-term efforts for carbon footprint reductions to tackle climate change issues. The development of geothermal energy includes exploration and extraction processes. This special issue is to highlight the challenges on the exploration and extraction of geothermal energy such as initial high cost and difficulties in heat extraction from deep underground. This special issue focuses on new geothermal extraction system, new theory, new technology, new application of latest techniques such as artificial intelligence, and potential environmental effects.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This special issue publishes 10 articles with authors from different countries. An article is contributed by Chinese researchers on the site investigation for geothermal potential evaluation. They propose an integrated geophysics technique by combining multiple geophysics techniques with a new data processing method and apply it to the site investigation of the geothermal potential in a county. A Finnish researcher publishes an article to highlight the challenges and precautionary measures to overcome the difficulties in deep borehole heat exchanges. An article by US researchers explores possible geothermal-mechanical alternations due to heat exchange and extraction in geothermal systems. This article certainly provides new insights into the geothermal energy research and practice. Researchers from Morocco present a status and prospects article on the development of geothermal energy in their country.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Several interesting articles on geothermal reservoirs appear in this issue. A joint multinational research effort by researchers from the United Kingdom, Belgium, China, and Indonesia reports the results of experiments on fluid-rock interaction for potential carbon storage in geothermal reservoirs. Their experimental results have provided some insightful findings on the subject matter. In addition, a group of researchers from China investigates the impact of well placement and flow rate on production efficiency in fractured geothermal reservoirs. Another group of Chinese researchers provides a state-of-the-art review on research and development for the thermal energy extraction from deep hot dry rock reservoirs. These three articles are certainly useful to researchers and engineers in geothermal energy fields.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;An article by Chinese researchers reports the development of a thermal stress loading technique for mechanical tests on hot dry rock. Last b","PeriodicalId":100363,"journal":{"name":"Deep Underground Science and Engineering","volume":"3 3","pages":"255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dug2.12121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A state-of-the-art review on geothermal energy exploration in Morocco: Current status and prospects","authors":"Redouane Meryem,&nbsp;Khalis Hind,&nbsp;Haissen Faouziya,&nbsp;Sadki Othman,&nbsp;Berkat N. Eddine,&nbsp;Raji Mohammed","doi":"10.1002/dug2.12116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dug2.12116","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the last few decades, addressing the global challenge of implementation of strategies for renewable energy and energy efficiency has become crucial. Morocco, since 2009, has made a steadfast commitment to sustainability, with a particular focus on advancing the development of renewable energy resources. A comprehensive strategy has been formulated, centering on utilizing the country's energy potential to drive progress in this vital sector. Morocco is considered a country with abundant thermal water, indicating deep reservoirs with significant hydrothermal potential. Geothermal zones were selected based on the abundance of hot springs where water temperatures were high and geothermal gradients were significant. The abundance and importance of hot springs, combined with recent volcanism and ongoing non-tectonic activity linked to alpine orogeny, strongly suggest that these regions are promising reservoirs for geothermal energy. This great potential also extends to neighboring countries. In northeast and south Morocco, the temperature of thermal water ranges from 26 to 54°C. This study serves as an inclusive review of the geothermal potentialities in Morocco.</p>","PeriodicalId":100363,"journal":{"name":"Deep Underground Science and Engineering","volume":"3 3","pages":"302-316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dug2.12116","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of underground hard rock mine pillar stability using gene expression programming and decision tree-support vector machine models","authors":"Mohammad H. Kadkhodaei,&nbsp;Ebrahim Ghasemi,&nbsp;Jian Zhou,&nbsp;Melika Zahraei","doi":"10.1002/dug2.12115","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dug2.12115","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Assessing the stability of pillars in underground mines (especially in deep underground mines) is a critical concern during both the design and the operational phases of a project. This study mainly focuses on developing two practical models to predict pillar stability status. For this purpose, two robust models were developed using a database including 236 case histories from seven underground hard rock mines, based on gene expression programming (GEP) and decision tree-support vector machine (DT-SVM) hybrid algorithms. The performance of the developed models was evaluated based on four common statistical criteria (sensitivity, specificity, Matthews correlation coefficient, and accuracy), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and testing data sets. The results showed that the GEP and DT-SVM models performed exceptionally well in assessing pillar stability, showing a high level of accuracy. The DT-SVM model, in particular, outperformed the GEP model (accuracy of 0.914, sensitivity of 0.842, specificity of 0.929, Matthews correlation coefficient of 0.767, and area under the ROC of 0.897 for the test data set). Furthermore, upon comparing the developed models with the previous ones, it was revealed that both models can effectively determine the condition of pillar stability with low uncertainty and acceptable accuracy. This suggests that these models could serve as dependable tools for project managers, aiding in the evaluation of pillar stability during the design and operational phases of mining projects, despite the inherent challenges in this domain.</p>","PeriodicalId":100363,"journal":{"name":"Deep Underground Science and Engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"18-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dug2.12115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141810545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital reconstruction of three-dimensional contours and its application to microstructural evaluation of postblast rock fissure surfaces","authors":"Yanbing Wang,&nbsp;Zhaoyang Wang,&nbsp;Dairui Fu,&nbsp;Mingwei Gang","doi":"10.1002/dug2.12111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dug2.12111","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fracture surface contour study is one of the important requirements for characterization and evaluation of the microstructure of rocks. Based on the improved cube covering method and the 3D contour digital reconstruction model, this study proposes a quantitative microstructure characterization method combining the roughness evaluation index and the 3D fractal dimension to study the change rule of the fracture surface morphology after blasting. This method was applied and validated in the study of the fracture microstructure of the rock after blasting. The results show that the fracture morphology characteristics of the 3D contour digital reconstruction model have good correlation with the changes of the blasting action. The undulation rate of the three-dimensional surface profile of the rock is more prone to dramatic rise and dramatic fall morphology. In terms of tilting trend, the tilting direction also shows gradual disorder, with the tilting angle increasing correspondingly. All the roughness evaluation indexes of the rock fissure surface after blasting show a linear and gradually increasing trend as the distance to the bursting center increases; the difference between the two-dimensional roughness evaluation indexes and the three-dimensional ones of the same micro-area rock samples also becomes increasingly larger, among which the three-dimensional fissure roughness coefficient <i>JRC</i> and the surface roughness ratio <i>R</i>_s display better correlation. Compared with the linear fitting formula of the power function relationship, the three-dimensional fractal dimension of the postblast fissure surface is fitted with the values of <i>JRC</i> and <i>R</i>_s, which renders higher correlation coefficients, and the degree of linear fitting of <i>JRC</i> to the three-dimensional fractal dimension is higher. The fractal characteristics of the blast-affected region form a unity with the three-dimensional roughness evaluation of the fissure surface.</p>","PeriodicalId":100363,"journal":{"name":"Deep Underground Science and Engineering","volume":"4 2","pages":"316-328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dug2.12111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144256478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the bearing capacity characteristics of initial support for horseshoe-shaped tunnel prefabrication","authors":"Yongtao Xue,&nbsp;Fayuan Yan,&nbsp;Chengzhi Qi,&nbsp;Haochen Zhang,&nbsp;Zhao Xiuwang,&nbsp;Chen Jingxu","doi":"10.1002/dug2.12110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dug2.12110","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In view of the limited theoretical research on the load model of initial support for horseshoe-shaped prefabrication, this study focuses on the Luochuan Tunnel on the Xi'an-Yan'an newly built railway as the research object to explore its load model, load characteristic curve, plastic zone, deformation, and critical thickness. Theoretical research and numerical analysis were conducted. The results indicate that under the same boundary conditions, the ultimate bearing capacity of the prefabricated assembly initial support is higher than that of the shotcrete initial support, resulting in larger ultimate deformation capacity of the prefabricated assembly initial support. Based on numerical calculations, the ultimate deformation and critical thickness of the prefabricated initial lining for single- and double-track railway tunnels are obtained when buried at depths of 200, 500, and 900 m in rock masses of classes III, IV, and V.</p>","PeriodicalId":100363,"journal":{"name":"Deep Underground Science and Engineering","volume":"3 4","pages":"426-438"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dug2.12110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143252974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geothermo-mechanical alterations due to heat energy extraction in enhanced geothermal systems: Overview and prospective directions","authors":"Mary C. Ngoma,&nbsp;Oladoyin Kolawole,&nbsp;Olufemi Olorode","doi":"10.1002/dug2.12109","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dug2.12109","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Geothermal energy from deep underground (or geological) formations, with or without its combination with carbon capture and storage (CCS), can be a key technology to mitigate anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and meet the 2050 net-zero carbon emission target. Geothermal resources in low-permeability and medium- and high-temperature reservoirs in sedimentary sequence require hydraulic stimulation for enhanced geothermal systems (EGS). However, fluid migration for geothermal energy in EGS or with potential CO₂ storage in a CO₂-EGS are both dependent on the in situ flow pathway network created by induced fluid injection. These thermo-mechanical interactions can be complex and induce varying alterations in the mechanical response when the working fluid is water (in EGS) or supercritical CO₂ (in CO₂-EGS), which could impact the geothermal energy recovery from geological formations. Therefore, there is a need for a deeper understanding of the heat extraction process in EGS and CO₂-EGS. This study presents a systematic review of the effects of changes in mechanical properties and behavior of deep underground rocks on the induced flow pathway and heat recovery in EGS reservoirs with or without CO₂ storage in CO₂-EGS. Further, we proposed waterless-stimulated EGS as an alternative approach to improve heat energy extraction in EGS. Lastly, based on the results of our literature review and proposed ideas, we recommend promising areas of investigation that may provide more insights into understanding geothermo-mechanics to further stimulate new research studies and accelerate the development of geothermal energy as a viable clean energy technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":100363,"journal":{"name":"Deep Underground Science and Engineering","volume":"3 3","pages":"256-268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dug2.12109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141355637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical study on gas production via a horizontal well from hydrate reservoirs with different slope angles in the South China Sea","authors":"Tingting Luo,&nbsp;Jianlin Song,&nbsp;Xiang Sun,&nbsp;Fanbao Cheng,&nbsp;Madhusudhan Bangalore Narasimha Murthy,&nbsp;Yulu Chen,&nbsp;Yi Zhao,&nbsp;Yongchen Song","doi":"10.1002/dug2.12103","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dug2.12103","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It is important to study the effect of hydrate production on the physical and mechanical properties of low-permeability clayey–silty reservoirs for the large-scale exploitation of hydrate reservoirs in the South China Sea. In this study, a multiphysical-field coupling model, combined with actual exploration drilling data and the mechanical experimental data of hydrate cores in the laboratory, was established to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of low-permeability reservoirs with different slope angles during 5-year hydrate production by the depressurization method via a horizontal well. The result shows that the permeability of reservoirs severely affects gas production rate, and the maximum gas production amount of a 20-m-long horizontal well can reach 186.8 m³/day during the 5-year hydrate production. Reservoirs with smaller slope angles show higher gas production rates. The depressurization propagation and hydrate dissociation mainly develop along the direction parallel to the slope. Besides, the mean effective stress of reservoirs is concentrated in the near-wellbore area with the on-going hydrate production, and gradually decreases with the increase of the slope angle. Different from the effective stress distribution law, the total reservoir settlement amount first decreases and then increases with the increase of the slope angle. The maximum settlement of reservoirs with a 0° slope angle is up to 3.4 m, and the displacement in the near-wellbore area is as high as 2.2 m after 5 years of hydrate production. It is concluded that the pore pressure drop region of low-permeability reservoirs in the South China Sea is limited, and various slope angles further lead to differences in effective stress and strain of reservoirs during hydrate production, resulting in severe uneven settlement of reservoirs.</p>","PeriodicalId":100363,"journal":{"name":"Deep Underground Science and Engineering","volume":"3 2","pages":"171-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dug2.12103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141272494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Damage evolution of surrounding sandstone rock under charging–discharging cyclic loading in the natural gas storage of abandoned mines based on the discrete element method","authors":"Zhanguo Ma,&nbsp;Junyu Sun,&nbsp;Peng Gong,&nbsp;Erwin Oh,&nbsp;Jun Hu,&nbsp;Ruichong Zhang","doi":"10.1002/dug2.12099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dug2.12099","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Gas storage in abandoned mines is one way to reuse waste space resources. The surrounding rock of gas storage reservoirs in underground roadways undergoes damage and deformation under the cyclic loading of gas charging and discharging, which can pose a risk to the safety of the reservoirs. This study establishes a true triaxial numerical model of rock mass with the discrete element method (DEM) and explores the crack evolution of surrounding rock of underground gas storage during cyclic loading and unloading. Also, a damage evolution model in numerical analysis considering residual deformation is developed to explain the experimental results. As was revealed, cyclic loading and unloading resulted in fatigue damage in the specimen and caused strength deterioration of the specimen. During the loading process, the uniformly distributed force chains of the rock mass redistributed, evolving gradually to mostly transverse force chains. This contributed to the appearance of blank areas in the force chains when through cracks appear. The ratio of tensile cracks to shear cracks gradually decreases and finally stabilizes at 7:1. The damage evolution model considering residual strain can be mutually verified with the numerical simulation results. Based on the DEM model, it was found that there was a certain threshold of confining pressure. When the confining pressure exceeded 30 MPa, the deformation to ductility of sandstone samples began to accelerate, with a greater residual strength. This study provides a theoretical basis for analyzing the long-term mechanical behavior of surrounding rock of gas storage in abandoned mines.</p>","PeriodicalId":100363,"journal":{"name":"Deep Underground Science and Engineering","volume":"4 2","pages":"329-338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dug2.12099","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}