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Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics-Astrophysics最新文献

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Tissue harmonic ultrasonic imaging 组织谐波超声成像
Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics-Astrophysics Pub Date : 2001-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01259-8
Michalakis A. Averkiou
{"title":"Tissue harmonic ultrasonic imaging","authors":"Michalakis A. Averkiou","doi":"10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01259-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01259-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Harmonic imaging was originally developed for microbubble contrast agents in the early 90s under the assumption that tissue is linear and all harmonic echoes are generated by the bubbles. In fact, tissue, like bubbles, is a nonlinear medium. Whereas the harmonic echoes from bubbles have their origins in nonlinear scattering, those from tissue are a result of nonlinear propagation. The clinical benefits of tissue harmonic imaging are reduced reverberation noise and overall clutter level, improved border delineation, increased contrast resolution, and reduced phase aberration artifacts. To a large extent these benefits are explained by the properties of nonlinear propagation of the transmitted ultrasonic pulses in the tissue.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100307,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics-Astrophysics","volume":"2 8","pages":"Pages 1139-1151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01259-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"111674113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 25
Using capillary forces to estimate the adhesion strength of Magnaporthe grisea spores on glass 用毛细力估计稻瘟病病菌孢子在玻璃上的粘附强度
Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics-Astrophysics Pub Date : 2001-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01247-1
Claire Gerbeaud , Joanna Giermanska-Kahn , Philippe Meleard , Bernard Pouligny , Marie-Pascale Latorse
{"title":"Using capillary forces to estimate the adhesion strength of Magnaporthe grisea spores on glass","authors":"Claire Gerbeaud ,&nbsp;Joanna Giermanska-Kahn ,&nbsp;Philippe Meleard ,&nbsp;Bernard Pouligny ,&nbsp;Marie-Pascale Latorse","doi":"10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01247-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01247-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The <em>Magnaporthe grisea</em> is a fungus whose spores strongly adhere to plant leaves, and to solid surfaces in general. In this note, we give an estimate of the adhesion force, <em>F</em><sub>det</sub>, of a spore on a glass surface, in water. <em>F</em><sub>det</sub> is defined as the force to be applied to a spore to pull it out from the surface. In our experiments, spores are detached from the glass in a few milliseconds by means of a capillary force. The latter is provided by a water/air or a water/oil interface, in contact with the spore body. We thus find <em>F</em><sub>det</sub> of the order of 10<sup>−6</sup> N.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100307,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics-Astrophysics","volume":"2 8","pages":"Pages 1235-1240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01247-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75756197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Retinal imaging with adaptive optics 自适应光学视网膜成像
Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics-Astrophysics Pub Date : 2001-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01261-6
Jean-François Le Gargasson , Marie Glanc , Pierre Léna
{"title":"Retinal imaging with adaptive optics","authors":"Jean-François Le Gargasson ,&nbsp;Marie Glanc ,&nbsp;Pierre Léna","doi":"10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01261-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01261-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Imaging the human retina in vivo is affected by the eye's natural aberrations, which limit the resolution of retinal images. Measuring these aberrations, including the high order ones, is possible using wavefront sensing techniques. A review of the rapid progress in this field is given. Once the aberrations are known, adaptive optics methods, developed for astronomical observing in the past 15 years, can be applied in order either to improve retinal imaging or to give hyper-vision to the subject. Progress in this domain is reviewed, and some original results are reported with a new instrument. Future applications are discussed, including a possible three-dimensional, high-resolution method to image the human retina in vivo.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100307,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics-Astrophysics","volume":"2 8","pages":"Pages 1131-1138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01261-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"100806429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Optical flow detection and imaging 光流检测与成像
Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics-Astrophysics Pub Date : 2001-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01253-7
Kristine Jurski , Jacques Dufaux , Laurent Brunel , Patrick Snabre
{"title":"Optical flow detection and imaging","authors":"Kristine Jurski ,&nbsp;Jacques Dufaux ,&nbsp;Laurent Brunel ,&nbsp;Patrick Snabre","doi":"10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01253-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01253-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper we provide functional forms for Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) and Diffusing Wave Spectroscopy (DWS) based on multiply scattered light by a random distribution of moving anisotropic centres. These results are based on statistical models and applied to single shear flows or random flows, and are compared to Monte Carlo simulations and in vitro experiments in back-scattered geometry. Finally LDV and DWS results are used to characterise red blood cell aggregation and to determine the perfusion flow rate of various human tissues.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100307,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics-Astrophysics","volume":"2 8","pages":"Pages 1179-1192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01253-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"109764712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Nonlinear microscopy 非线性显微镜
Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics-Astrophysics Pub Date : 2001-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01260-4
Jerome Mertz
{"title":"Nonlinear microscopy","authors":"Jerome Mertz","doi":"10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01260-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01260-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We describe the basic principles of nonlinear optical microscopies based on two-photon excited fluorescence and on second-harmonic generation. Particular attention is given to the physical mechanisms underlying molecular second-harmonic generation, and the features unique to its signal contrast. We provide an overview of some applications of nonlinear microscopy including the visualization of molecular ‘flip–flop’ dynamics in membranes, high-resolution measurements of inter-membrane separations, and high-sensitivity membrane potential imaging. Future developments of nonlinear microscopy are briefly considered.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100307,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics-Astrophysics","volume":"2 8","pages":"Pages 1153-1160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01260-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136931248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
State of the art in digital broadband medical ultrasound imaging 数字宽带医学超声成像技术的现状
Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics-Astrophysics Pub Date : 2001-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01254-9
Jacques Souquet
{"title":"State of the art in digital broadband medical ultrasound imaging","authors":"Jacques Souquet","doi":"10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01254-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01254-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper summarizes the state of the art in ultrasound imaging. It emphasizes the importance of capturing and preserving broadband information received from tissues. A description of new generation transducers is provided, with a short discussion on future materials to achieve even wider bandwidth. The flexibility and broadband characteristics of the digital beamforming technique is described in detail. An example of the strength of such a technique is given in demonstrating how compounding (in space and/or frequency) the information received from tissue will contribute in enhancing the imaging performance of the ultrasound system by reducing and/or removing artifacts like clutter and speckle.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100307,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics-Astrophysics","volume":"2 8","pages":"Pages 1091-1098"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01254-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"104007825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Adaptive diagnostic ultrasonic imaging 自适应超声诊断成像
Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics-Astrophysics Pub Date : 2001-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01258-6
Gary C. Ng , Gregg E. Trahey
{"title":"Adaptive diagnostic ultrasonic imaging","authors":"Gary C. Ng ,&nbsp;Gregg E. Trahey","doi":"10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01258-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01258-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Medical ultrasonic imaging systems assume a constant, fixed acoustic propagation velocity in tissue. This assumption allows the focusing of ultrasonic pulses in a simple way with transducer arrays with electronic delay lines. However, soft tissue acoustic velocities actually range from 1350 m/s to 1725 m/s, and the basic focusing procedure fails to obtain high quality images on some patients. Here we describe different adaptive techniques that allow focusing through such inhomogeneous tissues.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100307,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics-Astrophysics","volume":"2 8","pages":"Pages 1113-1130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01258-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"97705728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
3D acousto-optic modulated-speckle imaging in biological tissues 生物组织中的三维声光调制散斑成像
Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics-Astrophysics Pub Date : 2001-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01256-2
Juliette Selb, Sandrine Lévêque-Fort, Lionel Pottier, A.Claude Boccara
{"title":"3D acousto-optic modulated-speckle imaging in biological tissues","authors":"Juliette Selb,&nbsp;Sandrine Lévêque-Fort,&nbsp;Lionel Pottier,&nbsp;A.Claude Boccara","doi":"10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01256-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01256-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A parallel, 64K-channel implementation of the acousto-optic method of imaging optical contrasts buried in organs is presented. This implementation also associates this method with echography in a single apparatus. This allows us to prove that sensitivity to purely optical contrast is achieved. Moreover, this enables any potential user to distinguish easily optical contrast, acoustic contrast, and mixtures of both. We plan to improve this prototype with a view to future use by physicians in a hospital environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100307,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics-Astrophysics","volume":"2 8","pages":"Pages 1213-1225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01256-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"106676930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Blood flow and tissue motion with ultrasound for vascular applications 血流和组织运动的超声血管应用
Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics-Astrophysics Pub Date : 2001-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01252-5
Odile Bonnefous
{"title":"Blood flow and tissue motion with ultrasound for vascular applications","authors":"Odile Bonnefous","doi":"10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01252-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01252-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper provides a simple description of the fundamental principles of ultrasound vascular imaging. The mechanisms which govern the flow/pressure relationship are presented. The various components of the Doppler systems, namely continuous Doppler, pulse Doppler, color flow imaging and a potential new application called arterial wall motion are described. The time-domain approach to the Doppler effect is shown to be efficient for understanding of the signal processing path. The capabilities of the ultrasound system are illustrated with several clinical examples dealing with the particular problem of carotid stenoses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100307,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics-Astrophysics","volume":"2 8","pages":"Pages 1161-1178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01252-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92693762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Optical coherence tomography 光学相干层析成像
Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics-Astrophysics Pub Date : 2001-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01257-4
James G. Fujimoto
{"title":"Optical coherence tomography","authors":"James G. Fujimoto","doi":"10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01257-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01257-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a new technology for performing high-resolution cross sectional imaging. OCT is analogous to ultrasound imaging, except that it uses light instead of sound. OCT can provide cross sectional images of tissue structure on the micron scale in situ and in real time. OCT functions as a type of optical biopsy and is a powerful imaging technology for medical diagnostics because unlike conventional histopathology which requires removal of a tissue specimen and processing for microscopic examination, OCT can provide images of tissue in situ and in real time. OCT can be used where standard excisional biopsy is hazardous or impossible, to reduce sampling errors associated with excisional biopsy, and to guide interventional procedures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100307,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics-Astrophysics","volume":"2 8","pages":"Pages 1099-1111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01257-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136931278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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