Composites EngineeringPub Date : 1995-01-01Epub Date: 2008-07-14DOI: 10.1016/0961-9526(95)90710-S
R. Le Riche, R.T. Haftka
{"title":"Improved genetic algorithm for minimum thickness composite laminate design","authors":"R. Le Riche, R.T. Haftka","doi":"10.1016/0961-9526(95)90710-S","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0961-9526(95)90710-S","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The use of a genetic algorithm for the minimum thickness design of composite laminated plates is explored. A previously developed genetic algorithm for laminate design is thoroughly revised and improved, by incorporating knowledge of the physics of the problem into the genetic algorithm. Constraints are accounted for by combining fixed and progressive penalty functions. Improved selection, mutation, and permutation operators are proposed. The use of an operator called scaling mutation that projects designs toward the feasible domain is investigated. The improvements in the genetic algorithm are shown to reduce the average price of a genetic search by more than 50%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100298,"journal":{"name":"Composites Engineering","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 143-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0961-9526(95)90710-S","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76020850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Composites EngineeringPub Date : 1995-01-01Epub Date: 2008-07-14DOI: 10.1016/0961-9526(95)00083-Y
J. Zhu, S.K. Datta, A.H. Shah
{"title":"Modal representation of transient dynamics of laminated plates","authors":"J. Zhu, S.K. Datta, A.H. Shah","doi":"10.1016/0961-9526(95)00083-Y","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0961-9526(95)00083-Y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A technique combining the modal expansion with the finite element representation of a finite region containing defects is presented here to analyse the transient response of a laminated composite plate. As an illustration, a model problem of a laminated plate containing a normal surface breaking crack is studied in detail. Numerical results are presented showing the effect of the crack depth on the transient response.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100298,"journal":{"name":"Composites Engineering","volume":"5 12","pages":"Pages 1477-1487"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0961-9526(95)00083-Y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91439754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Composites EngineeringPub Date : 1995-01-01Epub Date: 2008-07-14DOI: 10.1016/0961-9526(95)00077-Z
Andrew C. Hansen, Mark R. Garnich
{"title":"A multicontinuum theory for structural analysis of composite material systems","authors":"Andrew C. Hansen, Mark R. Garnich","doi":"10.1016/0961-9526(95)00077-Z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0961-9526(95)00077-Z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The success of modern continuum mechanics in modelling problems in solid mechanics is truly remarkable. For instance, the general theories of elasticity, plasticity, and viscoeleasticity all rely on the continuum hypothesis. However, while continuum mechanics has provided a powerful means of studying the physics of deformation of composite materials, there are situations when the continuum hypothesis is simply inadequate. These problems are generally associated with inelastic behavior and are mainly attributed to the necessity to homogenize two distinctly different materials into a single continuum.</p><p>In this paper, we introduce a multicontinuum theory designed specifically for the analysis of composite material systems. The chief attribute of the theory is its ability to do structural analysis while allowing each constituent to retain its own identity. Major analytical and numerical advances in the theory originally developed by Hansen <em>et al</em>. [Hansen, A. C., Walker, J. L. and Donovan, R. P. (1994). A finite element formulation for composite structures based on a volume fraction mixture theory. <em>Int. J. Engng Sci</em>. 32, 1–17.] are presented. The utility of the theory is demonstrated by using constituent information to predict the yield surface of a unidirectional boron/aluminum composite in the course of an analysis carried out at the structural level.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100298,"journal":{"name":"Composites Engineering","volume":"5 9","pages":"Pages 1091-1103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0961-9526(95)00077-Z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91719928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Composites EngineeringPub Date : 1995-01-01Epub Date: 2008-07-14DOI: 10.1016/0961-9526(94)00096-R
S.W. Gong, V.P.W. Shim, S.L. Toh
{"title":"Impact response of laminated shells with orthogonal curvatures","authors":"S.W. Gong, V.P.W. Shim, S.L. Toh","doi":"10.1016/0961-9526(94)00096-R","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0961-9526(94)00096-R","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A set of analytic solutions is presented to predict the dynamic response of simply-supported, doubly curved, cross-ply laminated shells impacted by a solid striker. The solutions are based on a higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT) which accounts for the parabolic distribution of transverse shear strain through the thickness of a shell and tangential stress-free boundary conditions on the surface of the shell. An analytic impact force function recently proposed by the authors is used to predict the contact force between the striker and the shell and this is incorporated into the solutions. Fundamental frequencies of cross-ply laminated spherical and cylindrical shells are calculated using the present solutions and the results are compared with those published by others. In terms of the characterising coefficients, the solutions can be reduced to versions of the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and the classical shell theory (CST). A comparison of the solutions based on the various theories (HSDT, FSDT and CST) is also made.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100298,"journal":{"name":"Composites Engineering","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 257-275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0961-9526(94)00096-R","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85771720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Composites EngineeringPub Date : 1995-01-01Epub Date: 2008-07-14DOI: 10.1016/0961-9526(95)00023-G
Robert S. Salzar
{"title":"Functionally graded metal matrix composite tubes","authors":"Robert S. Salzar","doi":"10.1016/0961-9526(95)00023-G","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0961-9526(95)00023-G","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Current advanced manufacturing techniques allow the continuous variation of fiber or inclusion volume fraction in metal matrix composites. With this technology, it is now possible to tailor a composite to the expected loads by using the constituent materials to redistribute the stress and strain states through the material. Lighter and more structurally efficient components will be obtained through this grading process. The focus of this paper is the evaluation of the effects of material property and fiber volume grading on the overall mechanical response of metal matrix composite tubes subjected to mechanical loadings. This is accomplished through the development of a fully elastic-plastic axisymmetric generalized plane strain tube model. This analytical model incorporates a micromechanics algorithm in order to determine the elastic-plastic response of a heterogeneous fiber-reinforced composite cylinder. An arbitrary number of heterogeneous concentric cylinders can be included in the model, each with independent material properties. The inelastic analysis is performed through the method of successive elastic solutions. The optimization algorithm used in conjunction with this solution procedure utilizes the method of feasible directions and accepts any combination of design variables, constraints, and objective functions. As an example of the effectiveness of this grading, it is possible to vary the fiber volume fraction in an SiC/Ti-24Al-11Nb tube in such a way that the effective stress at the critical inner surface of an internally pressurized tube is reduced. For a 50.8 mm (2in) thick tube with an internal radius of 25.4 mm (1 in) and an internal pressure of 206.8 MPa (30 ksi), a uniform 40% fiber volume fraction distribution results in a tube that begins to plastically yield at the inner radius. By grading the fiber volume fraction, the tube now behaves elastically under the same pressure loading, allowing the tube to have a wall thickness of 25.4 mm (1 in) before plastic yielding begins. This grading results in a 60% weight saving.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100298,"journal":{"name":"Composites Engineering","volume":"5 7","pages":"Pages 891-900"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0961-9526(95)00023-G","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79500960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Composites EngineeringPub Date : 1995-01-01Epub Date: 2008-07-14DOI: 10.1016/0961-9526(95)00001-4
Meng-Kao Yeh, Yui-Long You
{"title":"Vibration of laminated plates with adhesive joints","authors":"Meng-Kao Yeh, Yui-Long You","doi":"10.1016/0961-9526(95)00001-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0961-9526(95)00001-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The fundamental frequency of laminated plates with single-stepped lap joints was investigated analytically and experimentally. For the analysis, a two-dimensional finite element code was developed and the fundamental frequencies of the laminated plates were extracted from the calculation of the smallest eigenvalue. In the experiment, external excitation was applied to the plates using an impact hammer. The frequency response functions of the laminated plates were obtained by a fast Fourier transform function built in a dynamic signal analyser from which the fundamental frequencies were obtained. The fundamental frequency decreased as the thickness of the adhesive layer increased. When the stacking sequence of the composite laminates was [θ/-θ]<sub>2s</sub>, the fundamental frequencies decreased as θ increased. The analytical predictions were compared with experimental results. The fundamental frequencies of the laminated plates were closer to the results of plates without adhesive joints when the difference between the Young's modulus of the adhesive and the longitudinal modulus of the laminated plates was decreased.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100298,"journal":{"name":"Composites Engineering","volume":"5 8","pages":"Pages 983-987, 989-993"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0961-9526(95)00001-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87409306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Composites EngineeringPub Date : 1995-01-01Epub Date: 2008-07-14DOI: 10.1016/0961-9526(94)00099-U
L. Poussin, Y.A. Bertin, A. Hardy
{"title":"Characterization of polypropylene texture","authors":"L. Poussin, Y.A. Bertin, A. Hardy","doi":"10.1016/0961-9526(94)00099-U","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0961-9526(94)00099-U","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An industrial polypropylene polymer is used to demonstrate the possibilities of measurement of texture by X-ray diffraction technique in organic materials. A three-dimensional study has been carried out on an isotactic polypropylene to characterize the influence of continuous and fragmented annealings at 398 K on the crystal orientations. Results are obtained for five planes—(110), (040), (130), (111) and (041)—and presented as pole figures in the direct space. They show a preferential orientation in the untreated sample. This orientation is slightly increased after annealing. Moreover, fragmented or continuous annealings have the same effects on the crystal orientation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100298,"journal":{"name":"Composites Engineering","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 313-320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0961-9526(94)00099-U","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90329345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Construction and analysis of three-dimensional woven composite materials","authors":"R. McIlhagger, B. Hill, D. Brown, L. Limmer","doi":"10.1016/0961-9526(95)00005-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0961-9526(95)00005-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100298,"journal":{"name":"Composites Engineering","volume":"5 2 1","pages":"1187-1197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83225058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Composites EngineeringPub Date : 1995-01-01Epub Date: 2008-07-14DOI: 10.1016/0961-9526(94)00104-H
Boon Y. Low, Steven D. Gardner, Charles U. Pittman Jr, Robert M. Hackett
{"title":"A micromechanical characterization of residual thermal stresses in carbon fiber/epoxy composites containing a non-uniform interphase region","authors":"Boon Y. Low, Steven D. Gardner, Charles U. Pittman Jr, Robert M. Hackett","doi":"10.1016/0961-9526(94)00104-H","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0961-9526(94)00104-H","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There is growing speculation that the interphase in polymer composites is often a region of nonuniform material properties. This is significant given the critical role of the interphase in determining overall composite behavior. The present investigation utilizes a micromechanical model based on the three-phase method of cells to examine how spatial variations in the interphase elastic properties are predicted to influence the residual thermal stresses in carbon-fiber-reinforced epoxy. This is the first such study of its kind based on a true three-phase version of the method of cells. A total of sixteen different composite configurations are considered in which the interphase Young's modulus and/or the interphase thermal expansion coefficient may vary as a function of the radial coordinate. The interphases are specified such that their Young's modulus and thermal expansion coefficient may be above or below that of the epoxy matrix. The residual thermal stresses, as well as the effective composite properties, are evaluated as a function of the fiber volume fraction, the interphase thickness and the spatial nonuniformity of the interphase properties. The results indicate that the introduction of interphase property gradients is predicted to primarily influence the state of stress within the interphase. Depending upon how the interphase properties are specified to vary, the residual stresses within the interphase may either be compressive or tensile.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100298,"journal":{"name":"Composites Engineering","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 375-396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0961-9526(94)00104-H","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75418859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}