{"title":"Taguchi analysis of heat treatment variables on the mechanical behavior of alumina/aluminum metal matrix composites","authors":"G. Leisk, A. Saigal","doi":"10.1016/0961-9526(95)90709-K","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0961-9526(95)90709-K","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alumina-reinforced aluminum 6061 alloy composites containing 10, 15 and 20 volume percentage particulates were tested using the standard tensile and Charpy impact toughness tests. A statistical approach, known as the Taguchi method, was implemented to identify heat treatment conditions for improved tensile and impact toughness properties. Modulus of elasticity, yield strength, and ultimate tensile strength all increased while impact toughness decreased as a function of the volume percentage of reinforcement for the alumina/aluminum composites in the T6 heat treated condition. Taguchi analysis results indicate that, on average, a 4% increase in yield strength and a 7% increase in ultimate tensile strength over the standard T6 heat treatment can be attained using a heat treatment of 6 h of solutionizing at 529°C and 12–18 h of aging at 160°C. Similarly, using a heat treatment of 2 h of solutionizing at 529°C and 12 h of aging at 127°C results in an impact toughness improvement of more than 87% over the standard T6 heat treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100298,"journal":{"name":"Composites Engineering","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 129-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0961-9526(95)90709-K","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73645275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Delamination analysis by damage mechanics: Some applications","authors":"L. Daudeville , O. Allix , P. Ladevèze","doi":"10.1016/0961-9526(95)93976-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0961-9526(95)93976-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Delamination is a phenomenon which involves complex degradation of both layers and inter-laminar connections. To take into account these degradations, the composite laminate is modeled at a meso scale as a stacking of homogeneous layers connected by interfaces. Layers and interfaces may be damaged. Both onset of delamination and its propagation on a short distance are predicted. Two applications are presented, the numerical simulations are compared with experimental results: (i) delamination in the vicinity of a straight edge of a specimen under tension or compression, (ii) delamination near the hole of a perforated plate under tension.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100298,"journal":{"name":"Composites Engineering","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 17-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0961-9526(95)93976-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85261390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Consistent higher-order analysis on shock response of cross-ply curved panels","authors":"C.C. Chao, T.P. Tung","doi":"10.1016/0961-9526(94)00098-T","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0961-9526(94)00098-T","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A consistent higher-order analysis is presented for the shock response of doubly-curved cross-ply laminated thick panels simply supported on four edges. Emphasis is laid on consistency with the three-dimensional boundary conditions and interlaminar stress continuity, respectively. In each layer, a three-dimensional dynamic displacement field is assumed in terms of in-plane double Fourier series and cubic polynomials in the thickness direction. A system of modified Lagrange equations is derived via an energy variational approach with all surface conditions, and interlaminar continuity included. Modal analysis is performed for the shock response using a modified exponential decay overpressure. Three-dimensional displacements and stresses can be found any time throughout the panels. Present results, including frequency spectra of σ33, are perfectly consistent with existing wave theory without prior assumption of wave motion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100298,"journal":{"name":"Composites Engineering","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 297-311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0961-9526(94)00098-T","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87476472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Single-shot explosive welding technique for the fabrication of multilayered metal base composites: effect of welding parameters leading to optimum bonding condition","authors":"K. Hokamoto , A. Chiba , M. Fujita , T. Izuma","doi":"10.1016/0961-9526(95)00059-V","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0961-9526(95)00059-V","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Multilayered metal base composites, mainly reinforced with steel sheets, were fabricated using the single-shot explosive welding technique. Plate velocity change during the collision of multilayered plates within small stand-off distances were analyzed using a one-dimensional finite-difference calculation, and the explosive welding parameters required for good bonding were investigated. Wavy interfaces, which suggest good bonding, were found in the case where properties, such as density, strength and melting point, of the bonded materials were not so different, but excess melting, poor bonding and planar interfacial structure were observed when the properties of the materials used were considerably different. In the case where properties of the materials were fairly different, the weldable condition for good bonding was restricted. In this investigation, the way to regulate the explosive welding parameters for good bonding and the welding mechanisms were discussed, and the mechanical properties of the composites measured by tensile tests were investigated based on the rule of mixtures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100298,"journal":{"name":"Composites Engineering","volume":"5 8","pages":"Pages 1069-1079"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0961-9526(95)00059-V","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84697090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Determination of fiber-matrix interphase effective elastic moduli from ultrasonic phase velocity and attenuation data","authors":"S.I. Rokhlin, Y.C. Chu, W. Huang","doi":"10.1016/0961-9526(95)00038-O","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0961-9526(95)00038-O","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper discusses two potential ultrasonic methods for characterization of fiber-matrix interphases in composites: measurement of phase velocity and attenuation. The characterization procedures of these two methods, including different implementations using analytical or numerical models, are reviewed with emphasis on the applicability of these methods. Examples of ultrasonic characterization of interphases in ceramic and intermetallic matrix composites are given and the relation between the measured and actual interphase moduli is discussed. Application of these techniques for interfacial damage assessment is also demonstrated, including characterization of oxidation damage in ceramic matrix composites and fatigue damage in metal matrix composites. The experimental results show that degradation of the interphasial layer significantly affects ultrasonic wave attenuation and velocity. Thus both methods are very useful for assessment of interfacial damage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100298,"journal":{"name":"Composites Engineering","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 713-733"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0961-9526(95)00038-O","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84756287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interlaminar stress analysis of composites: Layer-wise shell finite elements including transverse strains","authors":"Yavuz Basar, Yunhe Ding","doi":"10.1016/0961-9526(95)00020-N","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0961-9526(95)00020-N","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Theoretical fundamentals for a 2D layer-wise laminate theory including the transverse shear and transverse normal strains are presented which provide a compromise between the continuum theory and the single-layer laminate theories. Four-node isoparametric assumed strain layer-wise shell elements are developed which can be applied to interlaminar stress analysis of composite laminates and simulation of stress singularities due to concentrated loading, freeedge effects, etc. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the ability and accuracy of the numerical models proposed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100298,"journal":{"name":"Composites Engineering","volume":"5 5","pages":"Pages 485-499"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0961-9526(95)00020-N","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83414547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Weight versus strength: A case study","authors":"Genady P. Cherepanov","doi":"10.1016/0961-9526(95)00047-Q","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0961-9526(95)00047-Q","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100298,"journal":{"name":"Composites Engineering","volume":"5 10","pages":"1221-1229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0961-9526(95)00047-Q","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72246605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fracture toughness and low cycle fatigue of 6061/A12O3p composites","authors":"N.P. Hung, W. Zhou, E.T. Peh, C.S. Chan","doi":"10.1016/0961-9526(95)00022-F","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0961-9526(95)00022-F","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper investigates the low cycle fatigue and fracture behavior of cast-then-hot-extruded 6061 aluminum reinforced with alumina particles. The effect of heat treatment and volume percentages of the particle (0–20%) on the axial fatigue behavior and fracture toughness was investigated. Cyclic hardening of the under-aged and the peak-aged samples was observed while cyclic softening of the over-aged specimens was recorded. Although fatigue data follow the Coffin-Manson's model, the fatigue resistance of the composites was lower than that of the matrix alloy regardless of aging and percentage of the reinforcement. Plane strain condition was marginally achieved due to insufficient sample thickness. The measured fracture toughness for these composites however was low compared with that of the matrix alloy and decreased with increasing reinforcement content. Scanning electron microscopy reveals that a crack starts at a machine defect and propagates through or avoids a particle depending on the relative position of the crack front and the particle. Three failure modes were found for this advanced material: cleavage fracture of a particle, cohesive delamination between matrix and particle and void coalescence in the matrix.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100298,"journal":{"name":"Composites Engineering","volume":"5 5","pages":"Pages 509-517"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0961-9526(95)00022-F","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72709299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}