Colloids and Surfaces C: Environmental Aspects最新文献

{"title":"Erratum to “Study on droplet wettability of low surface tension working fluid based on special-shaped microstructure surface” [Colloids Surf. C: Environ. Asp. 1 (2023) 100001]","authors":"Chao Dang , Xiaowei Wang , Hao Li , Liaofei Yin , Mengjie Song","doi":"10.1016/j.colsuc.2024.100035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsuc.2024.100035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100290,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces C: Environmental Aspects","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100035"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949759024000106/pdfft?md5=e65f963d1bcfd5be33528c634095f0e1&pid=1-s2.0-S2949759024000106-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140894588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Membrane hydrophobicity enhanced by non-solvent induced separation strategy for improving membrane distillation performance","authors":"Ling Yu ,&nbsp;Yiqiao Xie ,&nbsp;Liangzhong Li ,&nbsp;Meng Zhang ,&nbsp;Yang Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.colsuc.2024.100032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsuc.2024.100032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Development of high-performance hydrophobic layer using green and economic method is still urgently on demand for wide applications of membrane distillation (MD). In this study, a novel Janus membrane was prepared by electrospinning polystyrene with the water addition on the surface of hydrophilic electrospun nanofiber substrate. With increasing water content to 3 wt%, the hydrophobic layer is completely converted to be nanofiber-dominate morphology that could be beneficial for water vapor permeation during MD process. The surface roughness, water contact angle value and porosity of the hydrophobic layer are enhanced by the water addition, and the optimized Janus membrane with the hydrophobic layer prepared at the water content of 2 wt% could achieve a high water flux of 33.1 L/m²h and superior salt rejection of &gt;99.9 % when 3.5 wt% NaCl solution was used as the feed solution. The as-prepared Janus membrane shows better performance stability and reusability than the control membrane (without the water addition) within the 24-h continuous operation duration. Our work demonstrates that the proper water addition could be used as a green strategy for fabricating efficient electrospun nanofiber membranes for the direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100290,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces C: Environmental Aspects","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100032"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140558412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does the rate of metal salt precursor addition during ZIF-8 nanoparticles preparation affect their morphology?: Application in dye adsorption","authors":"Animesh Jana ,&nbsp;A. Vijayalakshmi ,&nbsp;Suganesh Raghunathan ,&nbsp;Aishwarya Shankar ,&nbsp;Krishnamurthy Sainath ,&nbsp;Akshay Modi","doi":"10.1016/j.colsuc.2024.100030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsuc.2024.100030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)-8 nanoparticles demonstrate excellent physicochemical properties, which make them suitable for a variety of applications. However, their scale-up manufacturing requires insight into the rate of addition of precursors. This study investigates the impact of Zn salt precursor rate of addition to an organic linker solution on the morphology and size of ZIF-8 nanoparticles, and their potential for the adsorptive removal of dyes (cationic and anionic). ZIF-8 nanoparticles were produced with a molar ratio of Zn/2-methyl imidazole (Hmim)/H₂O at 1/36/2206 by varying the flow rate of Zn precursor at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 mL/min into the Hmim solution. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized ZIF-8 nanoparticles were assessed using microscopy, analytical, and spectroscopy techniques. Owing to different flow rates of the precursor, variations in the ZIF-8 particles’ size and morphology were observed. It was found that the optimum flow rate was 15 mL/min (named Z-15), resulting in particle size of 261 nm, with a high specific surface area, thermal stability, and a substantially high yield of ∼89%. Furthermore, the dye adsorption studies, performed using Z-15 NPs, resulted in high methylene blue (∼82%) and methyl orange (∼76%) removal efficiency. The adsorption performance was maintained with dye-spiked simulated wastewater. The superior dye adsorption capacity of the ZIF-8 nanoparticles could be attributed to their microporous characteristics. Thus, this study demonstrates that the rate of addition of Zn precursor in the synthesis of ZIF-8, indeed, affects both their morphology and size, and the resulting nanoparticles exhibit promising adsorption performance toward dyes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100290,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces C: Environmental Aspects","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100030"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140540550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transferring red mud to efficient adsorbent for the adsorption and immobilization of Ni(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution","authors":"Wei Zhong ,&nbsp;Xintong Li ,&nbsp;Xin Ma ,&nbsp;Zhanfang Cao ,&nbsp;Hong Zhong ,&nbsp;Jia Yang ,&nbsp;Shuai Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.colsuc.2024.100045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsuc.2024.100045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Red mud, a solid waste produced in large quantities, possesses a high specific surface area and is rich in metal oxides, making it a promising material for adsorbent preparation. However, its practical application is constrained by its relatively low adsorption capacity and the potential environmental risks it poses. This study focused on the preparation of modified red mud (MRM) with enhanced adsorption performance for Ni²⁺ using a hydrothermal method involving sodium hydroxide and colloidal silica. The maximum adsorption capacity of MRM for Ni²⁺ reached 8.22 mmol·g^–1, a substantial improvement compared to raw red mud (0.28 mmol·g^–1) and sulfuric acid-activated red mud (0.46 mmol·g^–1). The pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models accurately described the monolayer chemical adsorption process of Ni²⁺ on MRM. Additionally, leaching tests with simulated rainwater demonstrated that Ni-loaded MRM exhibited high stability, suggesting its potential for safe stockpiling or repurposing, such as in construction materials. Sequential extraction, XRD, FT-IR, and XPS results revealed that cation exchange was the primary mechanism in the adsorption process, with Ni²⁺ being immobilized within the zeolite framework structure of MRM, contributing to its strong adsorption stability. Inner-sphere complex formation also played a role in Ni²⁺ adsorption. In conclusion, this method offers an effective approach to both red mud utilization and heavy metal removal from wastewater, presenting a practical solution for waste management through resource recovery and environmental remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100290,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces C: Environmental Aspects","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100045"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlled synthesis of CoFe@TiN composites and their rapid and efficient degradation of emerging organic pollutants: RhB as an example","authors":"Qi Jiang ,&nbsp;Kunyue Luo ,&nbsp;Kang Peng ,&nbsp;Ling Li ,&nbsp;Hongda Liu ,&nbsp;Ming Chen ,&nbsp;Min Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.colsuc.2024.100031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsuc.2024.100031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fast removal of emerging organic pollutants (EOPs) is very important for the remediation of the water environment. Therefore, in this study, we used a simple grinding-calcined assembly method to prepare CoFe@TiN metallic composite, which possessed superb peroxy disulfate (PDS) activation ability with efficient pollutant degradation and excellent cyclic utilization. Rhodamine B, a highly representative and extensively used EOP, was adopted as a model pollutant, showing that it was completely degraded within only 9 min by the CoFe@TiN/PDS. During the degradation, superoxide radical (O₂^•−) were the main active oxygen species responsible for pollutant degradation. Further analysis showed that the synergistic effect of Fe(III)/Co(II) effectively activated the PDS to degrade the pollutant. In practical applications, the CoFe@TiN/PDS system can resist the influence of complex matrix in water and effectively remove EOPs in real water bodies. This study comprehensively evaluates the ability of the CoFe@TiN/PDS system to remove EOPs and thus provides a new scenario or pathway for the removal of EOPs in real contaminated water bodies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100290,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces C: Environmental Aspects","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100031"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949759024000040/pdfft?md5=8e8d3efca9ebe699a78c401ebcd5ad4b&pid=1-s2.0-S2949759024000040-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140618283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbothermally synthesized, lignin biochar-based, embedded and surface deposited nano zero-valent iron composites: Comparative material characterization, selective gas adsorption and nitroaromatics remediation","authors":"Yasmitha A. Alahakoon ,&nbsp;Shine C. Wilson ,&nbsp;Chathuri Peiris ,&nbsp;Yohara K. Ranasinghe ,&nbsp;Sameera R. Gunatilake ,&nbsp;Xuefeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Todd E. Mlsna ,&nbsp;Upul Kumarasinghe ,&nbsp;M.Infas H Mohideen ,&nbsp;Upendar Reddy Gandra ,&nbsp;Anish Mathai Varghese ,&nbsp;Georgios N. Karanikolos ,&nbsp;Dinesh Mohan","doi":"10.1016/j.colsuc.2024.100048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsuc.2024.100048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biochar (BC) with nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) incorporation offers advantageous materials for water purification. While the most common approach for nZVI incorporation is the deposition on -a carrier surface, embedding in -a support matrix has also been reported. However, the behavior of the embedded material in contaminant removal has not been adequately studied -nor the characteristics and the remediation capabilities of the two materials have been compared. Present study focuses on preparing and extensively characterizing two materials: nZVI embedded in (Lig-e-nZVI) and surface deposited on (Lig-s-nZVI) lignin BC followed by a comparative study of remedial action for two nitroaromatics, p-nitroaniline (pNA) and p-nitrophenol (pNP). The synthesis of Lig-e-nZVI and Lig-s-nZVI involved simultaneous and subsequent pyrolysis of lignin and carbothermal reduction of the iron salt, respectively. Lig-e-nZVI showed enhanced porosity. XRD confirmed the formation of Fe⁰. HR-TEM images proved the core-shell structure of nZVI, and an interlayer spacing of 0.36 nm of the shell verified that the Fe⁰ particles were encapsulated with graphene while an iron carbide inner layer was also observed, thinner in Lig-e-nZVI and thicker in Lig-s-nZVI. A band gap energy of 2.54 eV suggested photocatalytic activity for both materials. Best fitted Sips isotherms showed 23.1 and 13.1 mg g⁻¹ capacities for Lig-s-nZVI in pNP and pNA adsorption respectively. Highest stability was portrayed by Lig-e-nZVI over 4 regeneration cycles. The physicochemical features of the developed materials further enabled selective gas adsorption. Findings provide new insights into physicochemical characteristics and remedial actions of differently synthesized nZVI-BC composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100290,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces C: Environmental Aspects","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100048"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A synergetic binary system of waste cooking oil-derived bio-based surfactants and its interfacial performance for enhanced oil recovery","authors":"Ming-Yue Liang ,&nbsp;Chi Ma ,&nbsp;Wan-Qi Qin ,&nbsp;Homely Isaya Mtui ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Jin-feng Liu ,&nbsp;Shi-Zhong Yang ,&nbsp;Bo-Zhong Mu","doi":"10.1016/j.colsuc.2024.100039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsuc.2024.100039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bio-based surfactants have garnered significant interest nowadays in wide applications particularly in the oil recovery field owing to their renewable property, outstanding surface/interface activity and eco-friendliness. The ultra-low interfacial tension between crude oil and brine is one of the key parameters for evaluating surfactants used in enhanced oil recovery. In this study, we developed a new binary surfactant system formulated by a bio-based zwitterionic surfactant (POA) and a bio-based nonionic surfactant (SOG), and the binary surfactant system exhibits a strong interfacial activity at a very low surfactant dosage. With the total surfactant concertation in a range of 0.1–3 g/L and the mass ratio of POA to SOG in a range of 5:5–9:1, the interfacial tensions of the binary system between crude oil and simulated formation brine could be significantly reduced to an ultra-low level (∼10⁻³ mN/m), indicating a strong synergistic effect between molecules in the binary system. Meanwhile, with the total surfactant concertation of 0.5 g/L and the mass ratio of POA to SOG of 7:3, the binary system demonstrates ultra-low interfacial tensions (∼10⁻³ mN/m) between crude oil and simulated formation brine at the temperature up to 80 ℃, NaCl up to 75 g/L and Ca²⁺ ions up to 20,000 mg/L, and the emulsification and oil film peeling ability are also improved compared with those of the individual POA and SOG. This study opens a new window for the binary bio-based surfactants and provides insights in designing and optimizing the cost-effective displacement systems for enhanced oil recovery with ensuring environmental sustainability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100290,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces C: Environmental Aspects","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100039"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141539821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive assessment of heavy metal contamination in soil-plant systems and health risks from wastewater-irrigated vegetables","authors":"Muhammad Anis Aslam ,&nbsp;Muhammad Sohail Abbas ,&nbsp;Muhammad Mustaqeem ,&nbsp;Maryam Bashir ,&nbsp;Adeeba Shabbir ,&nbsp;Muhammad Talha Saeed ,&nbsp;Rana Muhammad Irfan","doi":"10.1016/j.colsuc.2024.100044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsuc.2024.100044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A research study examined the origins, human health impacts, and risks associated with pollutants in vegetables grown in soil irrigated with wastewater. The study analyzed 164 samples from water sources, irrigated soil, and harvested vegetables for eight heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The focus was on the potential health effects of consuming heavy metal-contaminated vegetables grown in wastewater-irrigated soil. The findings revealed significant accumulation of heavy metals in soil and plants from Mianwali, Pakistan, posing potential health risks to consumers. When compared to vegetables produced with freshwater irrigation, the concentration levels of heavy metals in the soil irrigated with untreated wastewater were significantly greater (P≤0.001) and above the recommended limits set by the World Health Organization (WHO). The results showed that heavy metals in the soil had significantly increased, and crops had subsequently absorbed these metals. Produce raised in soil watered with wastewater showed higher levels of heavy metals than the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the WHO recommended. Among the veggies, lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) were found to have higher Hazardous Quotient Indices (HRIs) than one. This indicates that both adults and children may have been exposed to dangerous levels of these metals. Additionally, for Brassica oleracea, Raphanus sativus, and Spinacia oleracea, nickel (Ni) surpassed HRIs larger than 1, indicating a significant health risk connected to these veggies' ingestion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100290,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces C: Environmental Aspects","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100044"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142076978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering multi-level structured electrospun nanofiber Janus membrane for direct contact membrane distillation","authors":"Yiqiao Xie ,&nbsp;Ling Yu ,&nbsp;Zhi Chen ,&nbsp;Yang Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.colsuc.2024.100041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsuc.2024.100041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The membrane distillation (MD) has been considered as an attractive technique for the desalination and water treatments. However, the membrane with the superhydrophobic surface is still urgently needed for the wide application of MD process. Inspired by nature, the membranes with the highly porous structure have been fabricated by electrospinning to enhance the water vapor permeation in MD process. In this work, a hydrophobic layer with the hierarchical reentrant architecture was fabricated by electrostatically depositing silicon dioxide (SiO₂) nanoparticles on the surface of polyvinylidenefluoride electrosprayed layer followed by the fluorination treatment. The properties of hydrophobic layers were evaluated by varying the electrospraying time and SiO₂ loading amount. The optimal membrane had a water contact angle value of 145.7° and surface roughness of ∼275 nm, demonstrating a water flux of 21.2 L^.m^−2.h⁻¹ and superior salt rejection of &gt;99.9 % when 3.5 wt% NaCl solution was used as the feed solution and the temperature difference was set as 40 °C. The membrane showed an excellent operation stability and effective mitigation in scaling and fouling tendency. The prepared membrane could be applied as a good candidate for the MD-based water treatment processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100290,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces C: Environmental Aspects","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100041"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141484392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surfactant-driven modifications to AlFeO3 for degradation of emerging antibiotic contaminants","authors":"Bhuvanasundari S,&nbsp;Tiju Thomas","doi":"10.1016/j.colsuc.2024.100049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsuc.2024.100049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We show that residues of unused antibiotics Sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) and tetracycline (TC) in wastewater can be treated by photocatalytic degradation. Here, a magnetic photocatalyst known as aluminum ferrite (AlFeO₃) is employed to assess the degradation of SMZ and TC under visible light conditions. The structural and functional properties of co-precipitated AlFeO₃ with four different surfactants are examined. The little-known relevance of surfactant usage in AlFeO₃ synthesis, its characteristics, and its impact on emergent particle morphology for SMZ and TC degradation is reported. The results indicate that the catalyst can completely (100 %) degrade SMZ and TC in ∼60 mins. We propose a distinct degradation pathway for the same. Significantly, AlFeO₃ can decompose TC and SMZ to yield rather small compounds (<em>m/z</em> ∼ 60), thereby showing potential for practical use. Also, the use of different surfactants indicates that surface potential plays a significant role in photocatalytic degradation. Despite the large size and low surface area, AlFeO₃ performed well due to the surface potential of the catalyst. Findings suggest that using bulk catalysts with adjusted surface potentials offers sufficient performance, thereby bypassing the need for nano-sizing and concern about nano-toxicity. Further, the magnetic property of AlFeO₃ facilitates the recovery and reuse of the catalyst post-degradation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100290,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces C: Environmental Aspects","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100049"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142577831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}