Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice最新文献_第2页

Injuries of the Flexor Tendons: Focus on the Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon 屈肌腱的损伤:重点是指浅屈肌腱

Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice Pub Date : 2007-09-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.ctep.2007.08.005

Christopher B. O’Sullivan BVSc, MS, Dip ACVS

引用次数: 29

Diagnosis and Management of Common Suspensory Lesions in the Forelimbs and Hindlimbs of Sport Horses 运动马前肢和后肢常见悬吊病变的诊断和治疗

Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice Pub Date : 2007-09-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.ctep.2007.08.004

Sue Dyson MA, VetMB, PhD, DEO, FRCVS

引用次数: 61

Ultrasonography for Monitoring Healing and Rehabilitation 超声检查用于监测愈合和康复

Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice Pub Date : 2007-09-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.ctep.2007.08.003

Carol Gillis DVM, PhD

{"title":"Ultrasonography for Monitoring Healing and Rehabilitation","authors":"Carol Gillis DVM, PhD","doi":"10.1053/j.ctep.2007.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.ctep.2007.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soft tissue injuries in the horse require a significant amount of time, effort, and expense to heal. Sequential ultrasound examinations allow the veterinarian guiding the rehabilitation process to critically evaluate the healing structure(s) and to recommend the appropriate therapy and exercise for each stage of healing, thus avoiding additional time and expense due to re-injury or alternatively to advancing in exercise more slowly than necessary. Ultrasound is well suited to multiple examinations because it is a safe, noninvasive, and relatively inexpensive imaging modality that provides an accurate assessment of soft tissue status. Generally, ultrasound examinations at 6- to 8-week intervals after the initial diagnosis are optimal for two reasons. First, this interval allows sufficient time so that, if healing is progressing normally, the horse can move up the next level of exercise intensity. Second, the interval is short enough that, if healing is not proceeding normally, timely changes in treatment and management can be initiated. The first examination generally reveals swelling of the affected tissue and torn fibers. Initial treatment is aimed at reduction of inflammation and protection from further damage with rest. Subsequent examinations should reveal a sequential reduction in size of the affected tendon or ligament, and replacement of the torn fibers with new collagen that is remodeled over time to normal fibers that are properly aligned for maximum strength. Rehabilitation is aimed at providing a smooth increase in tendon load and overall fitness for the horse. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss ultrasound findings and a general rehabilitation program that is optimal at each 6- to 8-week healing interval. For specific therapies for tendon and ligament injury, please refer to other chapters in this issue.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100279,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 174-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.ctep.2007.08.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77687345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Surgical Options for Treating Tendon and Ligament Injuries 治疗肌腱和韧带损伤的手术选择

Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice Pub Date : 2007-09-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.ctep.2007.08.007

Andris J. Kaneps DVM, PhD, Dipl ACVS

引用次数: 6

Autologous Cell-Based Therapy for Tendon and Ligament Injuries 自体细胞治疗肌腱和韧带损伤

Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice Pub Date : 2007-09-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.ctep.2007.08.006

W. Wesley Sutter DVM, MS, Dipl ACVS

引用次数: 38

Pain: From Sign to Disease 疼痛:从症状到疾病

Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice Pub Date : 2007-06-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.ctep.2007.05.004

Bernd Driessen DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACVA, ECVPT

{"title":"Pain: From Sign to Disease","authors":"Bernd Driessen DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACVA, ECVPT","doi":"10.1053/j.ctep.2007.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.ctep.2007.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pain is a subjective and complex multidimensional sensory experience that usually occurs as a result of tissue trauma. It is generated after extensive neuronal signal processing within the brain following the activation of peripheral high-threshold sensory receptors (nociceptors), which send nerve impulses from the periphery to the central nervous system. Pain resulting from stimulation of nociceptors can be considered a physiological phenomenon as it helps minimizing further tissue damage by activating reflex withdrawal mechanisms and increasing behavioral, autonomical, and neurohumeral responses that are aimed at maintaining body integrity, preventing further tissue injury and promoting healing. However, if persistent, mechanisms described as peripheral and/or central sensitization alter the pain experience in the patient, transforming physiological pain into maladaptive pain, which is dissociated from the original noxious stimuli or healing process. Thus, maladaptive pain must be considered a pathological condition in and of itself. It is often responsible for persistent discomfort and stress of the horse, which can lead to abnormal behaviors, reduced quality of life and, if uncontrolled, distress and eventually humane destruction of the animal. This article intends to give an overview of the anatomic sides as well as physiological and pathophysiological processes involved in the generation, conduction, and integration of nociceptive signals and presents a pain classification scheme that is more indicative of the neural mechanisms underlying pain phenomena and thus provides the veterinarian with a better direction of how to approach pain therapeutically.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100279,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 120-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.ctep.2007.05.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80710360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Field Anesthesia in the Equine 马的野外麻醉

Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice Pub Date : 2007-06-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.ctep.2007.05.003

Francesco Staffieri DMV, PhD , Bernd Driessen DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACVA, ECVPT

{"title":"Field Anesthesia in the Equine","authors":"Francesco Staffieri DMV, PhD , Bernd Driessen DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACVA, ECVPT","doi":"10.1053/j.ctep.2007.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.ctep.2007.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Equine field practice commonly requires short- to medium-term anesthesia being induced in horses for either minor surgical or diagnostic procedures or for urgent medical care in emergency situations. Performing a general anesthetic in the field further increases the risk associated with equine anesthesia which already is high when compared with small animal or human anesthesia, even under best of hospital conditions. For this reason, cases for field anesthesia should be carefully selected and appropriate anesthesia protocols chosen by taking into account the peculiar setting of the location, the physical condition of the patient, and the specific circumstances of the surgical, diagnostic, or other procedures planned. This review provides an overview of the anesthetic techniques suitable for field anesthesia. First, the approach to the equine patient under field as compared with hospital conditions is addressed, followed by a detailed discussion of common field anesthetic protocols reported for use in adult horses and in foals. Finally, anesthetic protocols suitable for horses suffering injuries during or immediately after maximum exercise are addressed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100279,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 111-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.ctep.2007.05.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80912658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23

Continuous Perineural Block of the Palmar Nerves: A New Technique for Pain Relief in the Distal Equine Forelimb 掌神经连续阻滞:一种缓解马前肢远端疼痛的新技术。

Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice Pub Date : 2007-06-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.ctep.2007.05.007

Laura Zarucco DMV, PhD , Bernd Driessen DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACVA, ECVPT , Massimiliano Scandella DMV, PhD , Olga Seco DVM , Francesca Cozzi DMV, PhD, Dipl. ECVN , James A. Orsini DVM, Dipl. ACVS

{"title":"Continuous Perineural Block of the Palmar Nerves: A New Technique for Pain Relief in the Distal Equine Forelimb","authors":"Laura Zarucco DMV, PhD , Bernd Driessen DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACVA, ECVPT , Massimiliano Scandella DMV, PhD , Olga Seco DVM , Francesca Cozzi DMV, PhD, Dipl. ECVN , James A. Orsini DVM, Dipl. ACVS","doi":"10.1053/j.ctep.2007.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.ctep.2007.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pain therapy is an important aspect of equine orthopedic and trauma surgery. Although long-term epidural analgesia has become an almost routine method of treatment for painful conditions in the horse’s hind limb, a similarly effective technique for management of pain originating in the horse’s front limb has not yet been developed. Continuous perineural nerve block (CPNB) is a method that entails continuous low-volume infusion of local anesthetics via catheters placed along peripheral nerves. This technique has gained much popularity in human medicine and is currently applied with great success for treatment of perioperative pain in upper and lower extremities. Recently, both in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to adopt this treatment method to the horse by developing a simple and reproducible technique for placing in standing, sedated horses CPNB catheters along peripheral nerves in the forelimb. Simultaneously, the analgesic efficacy of CPNB with low-volume local anesthetic infusion without significantly affecting systemic health was evaluated. The present report outlines a continuous palmar nerve block technique suitable for pain therapy in the horse. Anatomic landmarks and a technique for safe placement of catheters along the lateral and medial palmar nerves including sedation and local anesthetic protocols are described in detail, as are local anesthetic drug regimens for effective CPNB. Furthermore, special precautions and potential complications are addressed, followed by a brief clinical case report that demonstrates the potential of the described CPNB technique to provide sustained pain relief in the lower forelimb of horses suffering from severely painful conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100279,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 154-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.ctep.2007.05.007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83475618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Pain: From Diagnosis to Effective Treatment 疼痛:从诊断到有效治疗

Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice Pub Date : 2007-06-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.ctep.2007.05.005

Bernd Driessen DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACVA & ECVPT , Laura Zarucco DMV, PhD

{"title":"Pain: From Diagnosis to Effective Treatment","authors":"Bernd Driessen DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACVA & ECVPT , Laura Zarucco DMV, PhD","doi":"10.1053/j.ctep.2007.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.ctep.2007.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Managing pain effectively is one of the most important tasks that clinical veterinarians perform on a daily basis. This requires accurate assessing and grading of perioperative or posttraumatic pain followed by effective treatment. Commonly, veterinarians rely on the interpretation of physiological indices such as heart and respiratory rates, and, in case of musculoskeletal pain, on lameness evaluation. However, accurate assessment of pain in horses is complicated, not only because there are as many types of pain as there are responses to injuries, but also because criteria used to assess pain are often confounded by other factors. More recent studies suggest that subjective and objective assessment of species-specific pain behaviors should become an integral part of pain evaluation also in the horse, and that physiological and behavioral data combined are more useful than physiological measures alone to assess pain and the response to treatment in an individual animal. Pain scoring systems have recently been adapted to the horse and may prove useful in judging progress and response to treatment during the perioperative period. Effective pain therapy is best accomplished by applying a multi-modal or balanced analgesia concept that involves the combination of drugs with different pharmacological mechanisms of action and different target sites within the nociceptive system. Balanced analgesia may also include complementary modalities of pain treatment, such as acupuncture or chiropractic manipulations, especially when dealing with conditions of chronic pain.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100279,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 126-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.ctep.2007.05.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91378931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Pain: Systemic and Local/Regional Drug Therapy 疼痛:全身和局部/区域药物治疗

Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice Pub Date : 2007-06-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.ctep.2007.05.006

Bernd Driessen DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACVA & ECVPT

引用次数: 20