CleanMat最新文献

{"title":"Remediation of Organic Pollutant for Wastewater Treatment by Employing Sustainable Graphene Oxide/NiO-ZrO2/Zeolite Ternary Composite Material","authors":"Hidaya Narzary,&nbsp;Nituraj Mushahary,&nbsp;Bipul Das,&nbsp;Sanjay Basumatary","doi":"10.1002/clem.70035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clem.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present study employs a novel method for the synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) based ternary composite utilized for the adsorption of Congo red (CR), an anionic dye molecule. The GO was synthesized using the well-known Hummer's method and subsequently incorporated with binary metal oxide (NiO-ZrO₂) and zeolite by a hydrothermal approach. The GO/NiO-ZrO₂/zeolite composite was characterized via different analytical methods, including FTIR, PXRD, FESEM-EDX, Raman spectroscopy, BET-surface area and XPS which exhibited encouraging characteristics for CR dye removal. The prepared composite exhibited a specific surface area of 144.48 m²/g. To evaluate the removal efficiency of the synthesized composite, optimizations were performed regarding starting dye amount, amount of adsorbent, adsorption time, and solution pH. The optimized parameters were observed at an adsorbent amount of 1.0 g/L, starting dye amount of 60 mg/L, adsorption time of 180 min, and pH of 5 at room temperature. At these conditions, the composite achieved the highest removal efficacy of 97.02 ± 0.32%. The composite was reusable upto third adsorption desorption cycle. Furthermore, the isotherm and kinetics models were applied to investigate the adsorption characteristics of GO/NiO-ZrO₂/zeolite with respect to CR dye. The GO/NiO-ZrO₂/zeolite composite exhibited the highest adsorption capability of 142.85 mg/g.</p>","PeriodicalId":100258,"journal":{"name":"CleanMat","volume":"3 3","pages":"134-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/clem.70035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility Study of Basic Steel Slag as Anode of Li-Ion Batteries","authors":"Rudra Barua,&nbsp;Konok Chandra Bhowmik,&nbsp;Md. Arafat Rahman","doi":"10.1002/clem.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clem.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The elevated expenses and utilization of hazardous chemicals in traditional chemical synthesis of anode materials of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) demand more environmentally friendly and economical approaches for a sustainable energy transition. Herein, a very cheap and facile fabrication approach has been conducted to fabricate anode materials from basic steel slag. Characterization techniques confirmed that the slags were composed of numerous major and minor transition metal oxides' (TMOs) nanosheets with an average thickness of 30.76 nm. The fabricated steel slag electrodes displayed the first cycle charge-discharge capacities of 161.42 mAh g⁻¹ and 127.34 mAh g⁻¹ at a current density of 20 mA g⁻¹ with Columbic efficiency (CE) of 78.89%. The electrode portrayed improved discharge capacity after 150 cycles and maintained a consistent capacity even after 500 cycles. It exhibited average rate capacities of 115.18, 64.17, 35.86, and 35.42 mAh g⁻¹ at current densities of 20, 40, 80, and 200 mAg⁻¹, respectively. Detailed electrochemical investigations indicate cell degradation upon cycling.</p>","PeriodicalId":100258,"journal":{"name":"CleanMat","volume":"3 3","pages":"161-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/clem.70038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silica Coating Enhances the PFAS Photocatalytic Properties of Boron Nitride","authors":"Youngkun Chung,&nbsp;Bo Wang,&nbsp;Gunhak Oh,&nbsp;Kiheon Hong,&nbsp;Welman C. Elias,&nbsp;Juan A. Donoso,&nbsp;Kimberly Heck,&nbsp;Michael S. Wong","doi":"10.1002/clem.70042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clem.70042","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Boron nitride (BN) has recently emerged as a promising material capable of breaking down toxic perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and other per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) through photocatalysis. However, chemical stability of its powder form has not been addressed, which could limit practical application in water. We synthesized a series of SiO₂-coated BN (SiO₂-BN) with different SiO₂ loadings (3, 6, and 10 wt%) using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) sol-gel chemistry, to test the hypothesis that an appropriate silica amount can protect the BN surface from reacting with water. All SiO₂ loadings decreased BN hydrolysis (2.3–4.5× slower hydrolysis rate), by replacing B-OH sites with B-O-Si linkages. The SiO₂-BN materials also had higher PFOA photodegradation rates (∼1.6× faster) and higher extent of defluorination (86%–95% vs. 78%) compared to uncoated BN. Comparative second-order rate constant analysis showed SiO₂-BN (6 wt%) to be 6.7× more active than BN. We attributed the enhancement to the loss of B-OH groups that undesirably compete with PFOA for reaction with the photogenerated holes, and to the improved water dispersibility of the material. SiO₂-BN (6 wt%) suggests the ideal structure to be BN platelets that are SiO₂-coated just on the edges. In testing its capabilities for real-world use, we found that SiO₂-BN photocatalytically degraded 16 other individual PFAS compounds at ppm concentrations and effectively treated real groundwater containing a PFAS mixture at ppb concentrations. The beneficial materials strategy of coating BN at the platelet edges may be generalizable to other two-dimensional structures for clean water applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":100258,"journal":{"name":"CleanMat","volume":"3 3","pages":"226-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/clem.70042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress, Challenges, and Outlook for Sodium-Ion Battery Recycling","authors":"Yihao Shen,&nbsp;Pakinee Thongrit,&nbsp;Panawan Vanaphuti,&nbsp;Xiaotu Ma","doi":"10.1002/clem.70041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clem.70041","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are attracting increasing attention as a sustainable and low-cost alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, SIBs recycling presents distinct technical, environmental, and economic challenges because of the lower economic value of sodium compounds and the variety of electrode chemistries compared to LIBs. This perspective paper discusses key material systems and degradation mechanisms relevant to SIBs performance, identifies the major technical, environmental, and economic constraints on recycling, and proposes a chemistry-specific framework for evaluating pretreatment, pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and direct regeneration routes. Finally, this perspective highlights future directions where degradation-guided recycling and recycling-informed battery design can work together to support a closed-loop SIB ecosystem.</p>","PeriodicalId":100258,"journal":{"name":"CleanMat","volume":"3 3","pages":"194-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/clem.70041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Design of Biomass Materials for Moisture-Induced Electricity Generation","authors":"Wangxin Liu,&nbsp;Yanhua Guan,&nbsp;Guanghui Song,&nbsp;Chuanling Si,&nbsp;Lin Dai","doi":"10.1002/clem.70043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clem.70043","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Harvesting the dispersed, low-grade energy stored in atmospheric moisture has emerged as an attractive route toward distributed and sustainable power generation. Moisture-induced electricity generation (MEG) converts chemical potential changes associated with water sorption, ion dissociation, selective ion transport, and interfacial charge transfer into electricity without requiring light, wind, or a liquid water supply. Natural biomass is a promising material platform because its polar and ionizable groups and hierarchical pore channels support moisture uptake, carrier generation, and directional ion transport. However, a single biomass material is unlikely to simultaneously provide high ionic conductivity, a persistent gradient, efficient charge collection, and wet-state stability. This minireview presents a synergistic design framework across molecular, structural, and device levels. Biomass chemistry regulates carrier generation and ion selectivity, hierarchical structures maintain water activity and ion concentration gradients, and device integration coordinates ionic transport, charge collection, and structural stability. We first outline the fundamental mechanism of biomass-based MEG and then compare cellulose, sodium alginate, lignin, proteins, chitosan, and microbial materials in terms of their properties, functions, limitations, and suitable application scenarios. Performance optimization strategies are further summarized as ionic regulation, gradient construction, and composite integration. Finally, we discuss the main challenges of conversion efficiency, operating lifetime, wet-state durability, and biomass variability, together with future directions for practical and sustainable moisture energy harvesting.</p>","PeriodicalId":100258,"journal":{"name":"CleanMat","volume":"3 3","pages":"214-225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/clem.70043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Electro-Oxidation and Ozonation for Removal of Organics in Wastewater Derived From Recycling Process for Lithium-Ion Batteries","authors":"Takumi Yasuda,&nbsp;Tetsuya Uda","doi":"10.1002/clem.70039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clem.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<p>For a sustainable society, the development of efficient and clean recycling processes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is highly demanded. Submerged crushing is one of the promising pretreatments for the recycling processes because it has a lower risk of combustion of LIBs during the crushing. A major bottleneck in the implementation of this process is the development of removal methods of organics originating from LIB electrolyte to control the chemical oxygen demand of the wastewater. It has been reported that alcohols such as ethylene glycol (EG), derived from the organic solvents, can be removed by ozonation under alkaline conditions. However, several issues remain, including the exploration of efficient removal methods applicable even under non-alkaline conditions, and the investigation of removal processes for additives used in LIBs. In this paper, electro-oxidation was utilized as an alternative method to ozonation, and the removal of EG by the electro-oxidation was investigated. Additionally, the ozonation and the electro-oxidation of adiponitrile (ADN) and 3-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid (3-HPSA), which come from the organic additives in LIBs, were conducted. It was experimentally observed that the electro-oxidation of EG efficiently occurred. On the other hand, the oxidative removals of ADN and 3-HPSA did not sufficiently occur in the electro-oxidation, but they did in ozonation. Based on the results, the process for the organic removal in the LIB recycle was proposed.</p>","PeriodicalId":100258,"journal":{"name":"CleanMat","volume":"3 3","pages":"170-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/clem.70039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catalytic Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Polyethylene With Pt/C to Tune Product Selectivity","authors":"Taofeng Lu,&nbsp;Wan-Ting Chen","doi":"10.1002/clem.70040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clem.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) represents a promising thermochemical pathway for recycling recalcitrant plastic waste, such as polyethylene (PE), offering high conversion efficiency under relatively mild operating conditions. However, oils produced by non-catalytic HTL typically consist of heterogeneous hydrocarbons, including paraffins, olefins, cyclic hydrocarbons, and aromatics, which complicates downstream refining. This study investigates the catalytic HTL of low-molecular-weight polyethylene (LWPE) over a Pt/C catalyst. Experiments were conducted in supercritical water at 425°C, with reaction times varied between 0.5 and 2.5 h to evaluate effects on product distribution and the composition of the GC-MS-detectable oil fraction. Within the experimental uncertainty, Pt/C did not significantly change the bulk product-yield distribution relative to non-catalytic HTL under the conditions examined. However, the GC-MS-detectable oil fraction from Pt/C-catalyzed HTL showed pronounced enrichment of paraffinic hydrocarbons at shorter reaction times, indicating that Pt/C can influence product composition even when bulk yields remain comparable. By integrating oil, gas, and aqueous-phase compositional analyses with product yield distributions, plausible reaction pathways for catalytic HTL of PE over Pt/C are proposed. These results provide insight into tuning product composition during HTL of PE and support the rational design of catalytic chemical recycling strategies for recalcitrant polyolefin waste.</p>","PeriodicalId":100258,"journal":{"name":"CleanMat","volume":"3 3","pages":"184-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/clem.70040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upgradation of Waste Dyed Fiber Through Production of Upcycled Rotor-Spun Yarn: Enhancing Sustainability in Textiles","authors":"Towfik Aziz Kanon,&nbsp;Md. Ehsanur Rashid,&nbsp;Md. Atikul Islam,&nbsp;Md. Ariful Hossain Faisal,&nbsp;Raihan Uddin","doi":"10.1002/clem.70033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clem.70033","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Significant quantities of fiber waste are generated across the textile production chain, a substantial portion of which—particularly the short fibers arising from fabric finishing processes such as sueding—is typically incinerated due to its inadequate length and incompatibility with conventional blow-room processing. This study demonstrates the upcycling potential of recycled dyed fiber waste (RDFW) from the sueding process by converting it into high-value rotor-spun yarn. The RDFW in tuft form were directly introduced into the carding machine, circumventing the blow-room stage that conventionally rejects short fibers. Specifically, 14Ne and 16Ne open-end rotor yarns were produced by incorporating 5% and 10% RDFW, and their uniformity and tensile properties were systematically evaluated and compared with yarns manufactured from carding machine waste (CMW) and post-consumer waste fibers (PCMW). The results reveal that the developed yarns exhibited superior evenness, with notably lower CVm% and imperfection index (IPI) compared to those produced from CMW and PCMW. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate that 14Ne rotor-spun yarn incorporating up to 10% RDFW can effectively serve as a high-quality substitute for rotor yarns made from CMW and PCMW. A single jersey knitted fabric was produced from the developed yarn to assess its esthetic appeal and potential end-use applications. The pre-dyed nature of the RDFW eliminates the need for additional dyeing, thereby enabling the production of inherently colored or mélange yarns while significantly reducing water, energy, and chemical consumption. Furthermore, repurposing RDFW can substantially mitigate the environmental burden associated with virgin fiber production, offering potential savings of 6000–22,000 L of water and approximately 1.2 kg of CO₂ per kilogram of fiber. Overall, the upcycling of RDFW emerges as a practical and viable strategy to valorize textile finishing waste and advance circular economy principles in sustainable textile manufacturing.</p>","PeriodicalId":100258,"journal":{"name":"CleanMat","volume":"3 2","pages":"99-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/clem.70033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148282490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-Synthetic Bimetallic Assembly of 2D CoFe-MOF Composite as an Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction","authors":"Baiming Liang,&nbsp;Manqi Liu,&nbsp;Yuan Li,&nbsp;Xiaolin Wu,&nbsp;Hongjie Zou,&nbsp;Wenzhen Liu,&nbsp;Taishan Li,&nbsp;Jiawen Zhang,&nbsp;Zhikuan Wang,&nbsp;Yuxuan Lin,&nbsp;Chongxiong Duan,&nbsp;Bangyun Xiong","doi":"10.1002/clem.70029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clem.70029","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts, yet their commercial viability is impeded by poor conductivity and stability under alkaline conditions. Herein, a stable CoFe-MOF composite was synthesized via a post-synthetic bimetallic assembly strategy, creating uniform Co–Fe coordination sites within a Co-MOF-derived framework. The resulting CoFe-MOF composite possesses hierarchically porous two-dimensional (2D) nanosheet structure. The composite delivers remarkably enhanced OER performance, achieving a low overpotential of 290 mV at 10 mA cm⁻² and a minimal Tafel slope of 31.88 mV dec⁻¹, significantly outperforming pristine Co-MOFs and Fe-MOFs. Systematic density functional theory (DFT) calculations provide profound theoretical support, revealing that the Fe active site (CoFe-Fe) exhibits an optimal theoretical reaction barrier (Δ<i>G</i>_max) of only 1.67 eV for the rate-determining step, which is 0.43 eV lower than that of Co-MOFs (2.1 eV). This superior intrinsic activity can be attributed to the Co–Fe synergistic electronic effect (Fe→O→Co charge transfer), which effectively optimizes intermediate adsorption and enhances metallic character. Moreover, the nanosheet-stacked structure ensures excellent long-term operational stability (over 35 h), effectively mitigating structural collapse in strong alkaline electrolytes. This work demonstrates an effective structural regulation and performance enhancement strategy for designing highly stable MOF-based water-splitting electrocatalysts.</p>","PeriodicalId":100258,"journal":{"name":"CleanMat","volume":"3 2","pages":"56-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/clem.70029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148282040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concentrated Seawater-Assisted Greener Production of Biochar: Waste Valorization and Its Implication in Circular Economy","authors":"Fang Yu,&nbsp;Hangqi Yang,&nbsp;Wanru Chen,&nbsp;Tao Wu,&nbsp;Zihan Ye,&nbsp;Honglei Zhang,&nbsp;Xinyu Zhu,&nbsp;Chuang Peng","doi":"10.1002/clem.70032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clem.70032","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Converting waste biomass into functional biochar offers a promising approach to carbon sequestration, but a sustainable manufacturing method is yet to be developed. The current work demonstrates the proof of concept of biochar production using concentrated seawater, a by-product from seawater desalination, as the templating agent. The resulting biochar shows mixed meso- and micropores, high specific surface area and low oxygen content. Owing to these features, the biochar demonstrates applications as a modest methylene blue adsorbent (adsorption capacity up to 8.2 mg/g), satisfactory supercapacitor electrode (specific capacitance up to 135 F g⁻¹), and superior CO₂ adsorbent (maximum capacity 4.05 mmol g⁻¹). Moreover, we propose that the biochar production can be combined with other established processes for implementing circular economy to achieve concentrated seawater valorization, carbon sequestration and waste minimization.</p>","PeriodicalId":100258,"journal":{"name":"CleanMat","volume":"3 2","pages":"122-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/clem.70032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148281968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}