CleanMat最新文献

{"title":"Hydrophobically Modified Chitosan-Based Polymers for Enhanced Oil Recovery","authors":"Alexandra Scerbacova,&nbsp;Ibtisam I. Bin Sharfan,&nbsp;Mahmoud A. Abdulhamid","doi":"10.1002/clem.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clem.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The upstream petroleum industry significantly contributes to environmental pollution through the use of fossil-derived chemicals. This study explores the potential of green alternatives by synthesizing and evaluating chitosan-based polymers for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) applications. A native chitosan salt (S0) and its hydrophobically modified derivatives (S1–S4), grafted with linear alkyl chains (C5–C8), were synthesized and systematically characterized. Key parameters investigated include thermal stability in seawater, interfacial tension (IFT), rheological behavior, and wettability alteration of carbonate rock surfaces. The performance of these materials was found to correlate with their critical aggregation concentration (CAC) and hydrophobicity. While the unmodified chitosan (S0) exhibited no interfacial activity, HM-chitosan displayed surfactant-like behavior with characteristic L-shaped IFT profiles. Despite limited viscosity enhancement, all HM-chitosan significantly reduced water contact angles by up to 46%, indicating effective wettability alteration. These findings show the promise of HM-chitosan as an environmentally friendly EOR agents due to their biocompatibility, structural tunability, and surface activity. The study establishes a fundamental framework linking molecular structure, CAC, and performance, supporting future applications in porous media systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":100258,"journal":{"name":"CleanMat","volume":"2 2","pages":"167-182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/clem.70006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promotion Role of Hydrothermal Pretreatment on Adsorption Ability of Biochar Derived From Sewage Sludge Converted by Pyrolysis","authors":"Liuliu Yu,&nbsp;Guanlong Wang,&nbsp;Xiufang Zhang","doi":"10.1002/clem.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clem.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pyrolysis is widely used as a sludge conversion technology, but the poor adsorption capacity on account of less surface functional groups limits its practical application. In this work, hydrothermal carbonation (HTC) technology was used as the pretreatment of pyrolysis to carbonize sewage sludge to prepare the sludge biochar (SDBC) for enhanced adsorption removal. It was certified that pretreatment with HTC promoted Cu²⁺ adsorption. At a HTC temperature of 120°C, the adsorption removal rate of Cu²⁺ was found to be the highest, achieving an maximum adsorption capacity of 22.5 mg/g for Cu²⁺, which was 1.23 times higher than that of SDBC. The adsorption better fitted with the Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order kinetic. Chemical adsorption was the predominant mechanism. The adsorption interactions include ion exchange, electrostatic effect, surface complexation and cation-π interaction. The HTC pretreatment increased surface oxygen-containing groups (−COOH or C=O, −OH), which was adsorption sites to promote Cu²⁺ adsorption.</p>","PeriodicalId":100258,"journal":{"name":"CleanMat","volume":"2 2","pages":"104-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/clem.70002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Recovered Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Materials as Efficient Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction","authors":"Arshdeep Kaur,&nbsp;Hongxia Wang,&nbsp;Umair Gulzar,&nbsp;Colm O'Dwyer,&nbsp;Anthony P. O'Mullane","doi":"10.1002/clem.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clem.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The rapid emergence of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) to satisfy our ever increasing energy demands will result in a significant future waste problem at their end of life. Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) as a cathode material is now widely used in LIBs with increasing market share. It is expected that there will be significant volumes of battery waste containing this material in the near future, and therefore it is important to develop methods for effectively repurposing this LFP waste to mitigate its impact on the environment. In this work we demonstrate the repurposing of LFP from spent LIBs as electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) which is critical to electrochemical water splitting and the production of green hydrogen. Our study has shown that the recovered LFP once immobilized onto a Ni substrate reconstructs into a mixed Fe/Ni oxide surface layer which is highly active for the OER. Promisingly, the LFP recovered from batteries that were cycled multiple times (up to 100 cycles) showed excellent electrocatalytic performance with a low Tafel slope of 58 mV dec⁻¹, overpotential values of 250 and 310 mV to reach 10 and 100 mA cm⁻², respectively and 24 h stability at over 200 mA cm⁻². This research provides potential motivation for recycling companies to isolate LFP from spent Li ion batteries for later use in water electrolysis technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":100258,"journal":{"name":"CleanMat","volume":"2 2","pages":"154-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/clem.70005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144315228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SERS-Based Vapor-Phase Sensing of Hazardous Molecules: Recent Developments and Opportunities","authors":"V. S. Vendamani,&nbsp;Pardhu Yella,&nbsp;Amrit Kumar,&nbsp;Bikash Ghose,&nbsp;Venugopal Rao Soma","doi":"10.1002/clem.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clem.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Vapor-phase molecular detection is an emerging approach in human-associated fields like environmental monitoring, human health, agriculture, and national defense. Recently, trace-level detection of molecules in the vapor phase has been recognized as a promising and extremely challenging approach. In this context, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a potential technique that offers extremely high sensitivity and superior capability of finding molecular fingerprints down to the ppb level. This review critically delineates SERS's expansive progressions and engagement in the vapor-phase detection of explosives, volatile organic compounds (VOC), and gaseous molecules. Furthermore, we concisely describe the research landscape of vapor-phase detection in various fields and propose insights into potential prospects for imminent advancements. Additionally, the review emphasizes the future standpoints on technical and theoretical expansion and addresses the research gap to create a versatile platform for the betterment of society.</p>","PeriodicalId":100258,"journal":{"name":"CleanMat","volume":"2 2","pages":"126-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/clem.70004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoscopic Wonders: Carbon Quantum Dots as Catalysts and Charge Carriers in Advanced Energy Storage Systems","authors":"Samarjeet Singh Siwal,&nbsp;Pariksha Bishnoi","doi":"10.1002/clem.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clem.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Research on the synthesis and uses of zero-dimensional (0D) carbon quantum dots (CQDs) has emerged as a dynamic and fascinating innovative area of study in current years. The exceptional characteristics of CQDs, such as their low cost, easy surface functionalization, nontoxicity, tunable photoluminescence, and chemical inertness, have drawn attention. Their possible uses span the biomedical, pharmaceutical, environmental, photocatalytic, and energy storage domains. Research on these has mainly concentrated on how they behave in biosensing, optoelectronics, and environmental sensing; however, energy storage systems are developing quickly as novel, capable approaches are coming up to address few of the unresolved problems with energy at affordable and ecological impact. Therefore, this review delves deeply into the effects of synthetic methods on the final product of CQDs and the fundamentals and properties of CQDs, including size-dependent properties and quantum confinement effects on electrochemical energy-related systems. This review also covers the design of CQD-based composites used as charge carriers in different energy storage materials (like batteries and supercapacitors) and as a catalyst in energy storage (like overall water splitting and oxygen reduction reaction). It also includes helpful recommendations for resolving the remaining issues in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":100258,"journal":{"name":"CleanMat","volume":"2 2","pages":"114-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/clem.70003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144315445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Water Decontamination: Advanced High-Valent Iron Active Species-Driven Peroxymonosulfate Activation for Global Challenges","authors":"Junpeng Guo,&nbsp;Miao Lei,&nbsp;Ling Yan,&nbsp;Junhang Huang,&nbsp;Chang Liu,&nbsp;Li Ye,&nbsp;BoLin Li,&nbsp;Xingtao Xu,&nbsp;Ye Li","doi":"10.1002/clem.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clem.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>High-valent iron active species (HVIAS)-driven peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation has emerged as a transformative approach in environmental remediation. This review systematically deciphers the mechanistic evolution and characterization advances of HVIAS generation: non-radical-dominated electron transfer pathways have been rigorously elucidated through in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and Mössbauer spectroscopy. In contaminant elimination, the HVIAS-PMS system achieves 1-2 orders of magnitude higher degradation kinetics than conventional radical-based routes via targeted oxidation of electron-rich moieties in antibiotics. To address real-world wastewater complexity, 3D-structured and 3D-printed catalytic materials enhance HVIAS generation efficiency and stability through confinement effects and mass transport optimization. Nevertheless, critical challenges—including C-F bond cleavage in PFAS, co-existing matrix interference, and byproduct toxicity—demand urgent re-evaluation for practical implementation. Future endeavors should prioritize smart-responsive catalyst design, multi-omics-driven toxicity profiling, global byproduct database establishment, and cross-scale integration of HVIAS-PMS with renewable energy technologies. This perspective presents cutting-edge advancements in HVIAS-PMS systems, provides a multidimensional framework bridging fundamental research and applications for sustainable water decontamination, and discusses the limitations as well as prospects.</p>","PeriodicalId":100258,"journal":{"name":"CleanMat","volume":"2 2","pages":"88-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/clem.70001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144315054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KOH-Activated Pinecone Biochar for Efficient Chloramphenicol Removal From Aqueous Solutions","authors":"Xiaoran He,&nbsp;Md. Amirul Islam,&nbsp;Taibao Zhao,&nbsp;Osama Eljamal,&nbsp;Bidyut Baran Saha","doi":"10.1002/clem.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clem.21","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The emerging pollutant chloramphenicol (CAP) is highly environmentally persistent and biotoxic, causing extreme environmental harm. This study investigates the removal of CAP from aqueous solutions using biochar derived from pinecones. The biochars were activated at 800°C using KOH with different mass ratios to the carbonized sample (2:1, 4:1, and 6:1). Among them, the biochar with a KOH ratio of 4:1 (PCK4-800) exhibits the highest pore volume (1.8 cm³ g⁻¹) and a specific surface area (3131.6 m² g⁻¹). Batch experiments reveal that the CAP adsorption capacity of the biochar is positively correlated with its specific surface area. At pH 7, PCK4-800 achieves a removal efficiency of up to 92% for a 100 mg L⁻¹ CAP solution using a dosage of just 0.1 g L⁻¹. This performance surpasses that of recently reported adsorbents. Kinetic and thermodynamic model fitting results indicate that chemical adsorption within a monomolecular layer dominates physical adsorption. The primary adsorption mechanisms involve pore filling and π-π interactions, while secondary mechanisms include electrostatic effects and hydrogen bonding. Thermodynamic parameters confirm that the adsorption process is endothermic and spontaneous. Moreover, the removal efficiency of PCK4-800 remains above 80% after five regeneration cycles. In summary, the high removal efficiency and excellent regeneration potential of PCK4-800 demonstrate its suitability as an effective adsorbent for antibiotic removal.</p>","PeriodicalId":100258,"journal":{"name":"CleanMat","volume":"2 1","pages":"72-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/clem.21","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional Covalent Organic Frameworks for Zinc Metal Anodes","authors":"Zhendong Hao,&nbsp;Wenjie Li,&nbsp;Shihai Cao,&nbsp;Yuming Dai,&nbsp;Yuan Cong,&nbsp;Xuewei Tao,&nbsp;Jia Ju","doi":"10.1002/clem.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clem.20","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are one promising electrochemical energy storage system attributed to their high theoretical capacity, relatively low cost as well as high safety. Nevertheless, the formation for zinc dendrites at the anode side severely impedes their electrochemical performance. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), as promising porous materials, possess some broad application prospects in advanced energy storage and conversion systems and they have demonstrated their versatility in settling the issues for zinc metal anodes. In this current review, the multifunctionality of COFs is reviewed. The overview toward zinc metal anodes is firstly overviewed. Then, multifunctional covalent organic frameworks toward stable zinc metal anodes is summarized. By construction of nanoporous structure, introduction of negative charges and utilization of zincophilic properties, COFs could act as protective layers for ZIBs. In addition, COFs have been utilized as the anode materials, separators and electrolytes in AZIBs. Finally, some perspective of COFs toward highly stable AZIBs are presented. This review could plat a platform for the application of the porous materials in advanced high-energy-density batteries.</p>","PeriodicalId":100258,"journal":{"name":"CleanMat","volume":"2 1","pages":"59-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/clem.20","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomass-Derived Carbon Nanomaterials: Synthesis and Applications in Textile Wastewater Treatment, Sensors, Energy Storage, and Conversion Technologies","authors":"A. F. M. Fahad Halim,&nbsp;Gérrard Eddy Jai Poinern,&nbsp;Derek Fawcett,&nbsp;Rupam Sharma,&nbsp;Sneha Surendran,&nbsp;Rajeshkannan R","doi":"10.1002/clem.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clem.15","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plant life has dominated this planet from the beginning of time. With over 82% of biomass (BM) coming from plants, primarily trees, plants are the dominant form of life on Earth. BM represents a readily available, ecologically favorable, and renewable low-cost carbon source. Its rational disposal has emerged as a critical challenge in modern times due to its widespread generation from farming, manufacturing, and forestry activities. Nanotechnology (NT) has enormous potential for a wide range of BM-related applications, including BM development, processing technique, modification, and utilization. Richard Feynman, a physicist who later won the Nobel Prize in Physics, presented a discussion in 1959 titled “There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom.” This address was the beginning of the New Theory of Physics, which is NT, where he discusses the potential of NT for manipulating matter at the atomic level. In recent years, there has been a significant surge in interest surrounding carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), specifically carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene. These materials have captured the interest of researchers due to their extraordinary characteristics and widespread applications. Utilizing BM as a source shows great potential in creating functional carbon materials (CMs) due to its sustainability, affordability, and high carbon content. Nowadays, CNMs derived from BM have been a popular area of study. Various structures, synthesis techniques, and widespread applications of CNMs have been documented. Thus, this review provides a detailed overview that outlines the latest technological advancements in the fabrication of BM-derived CMs. It also studies the production of high-value-added CNMs from BM and delves into the utilization of BM-based CNMs as a precursor for textile wastewater treatment. Furthermore, this study also outlines the progress of BM-derived CNMs in supercapacitors (SCs), sensors, battery electrode materials, fuel cells (FCs), and E-textiles, showcasing their pivotal role in advancing sustainable technologies for the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":100258,"journal":{"name":"CleanMat","volume":"2 1","pages":"4-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/clem.15","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CleanMat: Advancing Chemistry and Materials Science for a Sustainable Future","authors":"Liyuan Chai,&nbsp;Yong Sik Ok","doi":"10.1002/clem.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clem.18","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Since the dawn of industrialization, the environment has been both a beneficiary and a casualty of human progress. The rapid advancement of society has brought remarkable achievements but also pressing challenges such as pollution, waste, and resource scarcity. The crucial importance of environmental stewardship lies in our ability to harness chemistry and materials science to create solutions that restore balance to our ecosystems. With the launch of &lt;i&gt;CleanMat&lt;/i&gt;, the premier Wiley open access journal dedicated to environmental innovation through chemistry and materials science, we celebrate the transformative potential of these disciplines in shaping a cleaner, more sustainable future.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;At the core of &lt;i&gt;CleanMat's&lt;/i&gt; mission is a commitment to addressing environmental challenges by advancing our understanding of detection, treatment, upcycling, and recycling processes. By exploring the fundamental and applied science behind waste utilization and pollution mitigation, &lt;i&gt;CleanMat&lt;/i&gt; paves the way for innovative technologies that can resolve pressing global issues including air, water, and soil contamination. With a sharp focus on sustainability, this journal aims to be a catalyst for transformative research that defines our present and shapes our environmental legacy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As part of Wiley's Forward Series, &lt;i&gt;CleanMat&lt;/i&gt; is poised to revolutionize the dissemination of environmental research by fostering a vibrant exchange of ideas among scientists, engineers, and innovators across the globe. With the unwavering support of the international research community, &lt;i&gt;CleanMat&lt;/i&gt; is led by a distinguished editorial board representing diverse regions and expertise, ensuring the journal upholds the highest standards of excellence and inclusivity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A cornerstone of &lt;i&gt;CleanMat&lt;/i&gt;'s philosophy is its open-access publication model, which guarantees that all articles are freely accessible to readers worldwide. This commitment to accessibility ensures that groundbreaking research reaches a broad audience, inspiring action and collaboration across disciplines. The journal's dedicated editorial team maintains an efficient and transparent peer-review process, with an average turnaround time of approximately 1 month, ensuring timely dissemination of impactful findings. &lt;i&gt;CleanMat&lt;/i&gt; welcomes a rich tapestry of contributions, including original research articles, comprehensive reviews, insightful perspectives, and concise communications that reflect the dynamism of this critical field.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As the Editors-in-Chief of &lt;i&gt;CleanMat&lt;/i&gt;, we take great pride in and eagerly anticipate welcoming you to the inaugural issue of our transformative journal. This milestone marks the beginning of a journey to redefine the role of chemistry and materials science in addressing environmental challenges. Through &lt;i&gt;CleanMat&lt;/i&gt;, we aim to foster collaboration, ignite innovation, and drive meaningful progress toward a sustainable future where human ingenu","PeriodicalId":100258,"journal":{"name":"CleanMat","volume":"1 1","pages":"3-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/clem.18","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143253344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}