Circular Economy最新文献

{"title":"The impact of adding nanoparticles to biodiesel fuel prepared from waste sunflower oil on the performance and emission of diesel engines","authors":"Qais Hussein Hassan ,&nbsp;Nisreen Sabti Mohammed Ali ,&nbsp;Hayder A. Alalwan ,&nbsp;Alaa Hani Alminshid ,&nbsp;Malik M. Mohammed","doi":"10.1016/j.cec.2025.100138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cec.2025.100138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although biodiesel has attracted much attention because of its ability to reduce engine emissions, its lower performance in diesel engines and the need to find renewable sources for its production limit its adoption. Thus, this work investigated the use of the trans-esterification method to convert waste sunflower oil to biodiesel (BD) and the impact of mixing it with TiO₂ and CuO nanoparticles on the performance and emissions of a four-stroke engine at three engine torques (2, 4, and 6 N·m) compared with petroleum diesel (PD). The fuel performance was evaluated by calculating the brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake-specific energy consumption (BSEC), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and noise intensity of the engine. The exhaust emissions were measured to identify hydrocarbons (HC), CO, particulate matters (PM), CO₂, and NO_<em>x</em> emissions. The results show that BD reduces the BSFC, BSEC, and BTE up to 20.1%, 6.1%, and 6.9%, respectively. In contrast, when TiO₂ is used, the percentages are 11.8%, 0.77%, and 4.4%, and when CuO is used, the percentages are 15.7%, 3.9%, and 5.4%, respectively. In addition, the emission results show that BD reduces HC, CO, and PM up to 91.0%, while the use of TiO₂ reduces them up to 93.0%, and CuO reduces them up to 92.0%. However, this decrease is associated with increasing CO₂ and NO_<em>x</em> emissions by up to 42.9% and 82.9%, respectively, with the use of BD, while the use of TiO₂ increases them by up to 53.7% and 65.5%, and the use of CuO increases them by up to 51.5% and 60.6%, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100245,"journal":{"name":"Circular Economy","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review on the catalytic pyrolysis of lipids to produce alternative aromatic hydrocarbons: Synthesis of hierarchically porous zeolites and aromatization mechanism","authors":"Pengye Song ,&nbsp;Shaojie Guo ,&nbsp;Menghao Zuo ,&nbsp;Xin Wang ,&nbsp;Huiyu Qiu ,&nbsp;Boxiong Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.cec.2025.100128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cec.2025.100128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Catalytic pyrolysis of non-edible lipids to produce alternative aromatic hydrocarbons is an important strategy to reduce CO₂ emission in the petrochemical industry, which is hindered by coking and quick deactivation of zeolites. Hierarchically porous zeolites can mitigate this problem. In this review, the catalytic pyrolysis of non-edible lipids for aromatic hydrocarbons and the mechanism of aromatization are comprehensively summarized. First, the synthesis of hierarchically porous zeolite catalysts, including hard template methods, soft template methods, and postprocessing methods, which are necessary for further discussion of catalyst applications and aromatization mechanisms, is discussed. Hierarchically porous zeolite catalysts, which retain the excellent catalytic activity and selectivity of microporous zeolites, can essentially and substantially improve mass transfer and diffusion efficiency in zeolites to avoid fast deactivation of catalysts due to coking. Second, the application of hierarchically porous zeolites in aromatic hydrocarbon production is summarized. The loading of metal oxides in hierarchically porous zeolites can largely improve the deoxygenation performance of oxygen-containing lipid feedstocks. This review also discusses the aromatization mechanism used during catalytic pyrolysis to produce renewable liquid products. The formation of olefins or unsaturated groups and dehydrogenation are the critical steps for aromatization. Future research can prioritize the synergistic interaction between micropores and mesopores in hierarchically porous zeolite catalysts. Efforts can also be directed towards rational modification of the acidity of catalysts through methods such as surface modification and support optimization. This review provides necessary information about technologies for the sustainable transformation from fossil fuel-based aromatic hydrocarbons to bio-based aromatic hydrocarbons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100245,"journal":{"name":"Circular Economy","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological circular disposal of agricultural waste: Integrated production of gas, electricity, heat, and fertilizer for achieving synergistic effects of pollution reduction and carbon emission reduction","authors":"Zhihua Wang ,&nbsp;Heng Wang ,&nbsp;Mingru Zhao ,&nbsp;Nana Zhao ,&nbsp;Yanjiao Lyu ,&nbsp;Xiandong Meng ,&nbsp;Liangjun Wang ,&nbsp;Pu Lyu","doi":"10.1016/j.cec.2025.100130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cec.2025.100130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The comprehensive utilization of agricultural solids is a critical element in building a “Zero Waste City” and a vital measure for promoting the green and low-carbon development of agriculture and rural areas. Since the launch of the “Zero Waste City” initiative in Hengshui, China, the city has continuously promoted waste reduction at the source and resource utilization. Business models and institutional mechanisms for the utilization of various types of solid waste have been actively explored, and a model for reducing pollution and carbon emissions through the production of “gas, electricity, heat, and fertilizer” in the agricultural sector has been established. In this study, an analysis of pollution and carbon emission reduction in the Hengshui “Zero Waste City” construction is conducted on the basis of the “driving force–pressure–state–impact–response” (DPSIR) model, and the entropy weight-TOPSIS method is used to standardize the data from 2020 to 2023. In addition, this study uses the approved clean development mechanism (CDM) method (AMS.Ⅲ.D.ver.21) to analyze the greenhouse gas emission reduction effect of the comprehensive biogas project in Anping County, Hengshui City. The results revealed that the reduction in pollution and carbon emissions of the Hengshui “Zero Waste City” construction from 2020 to 2023 was significant. The core factor affecting the “Zero Waste City” construction in Hengshui is the development of social and economic activities; the increase in fixed asset investment in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fisheries; the improvement in residents’ income; and the increase in the employment rate. Hengshui has driven the construction of a “Zero Waste City” through industrial development, forming a comprehensive utilization model of livestock manure that combines the production of gas, electricity, heat, and fertilizer. This is in line with the demand for the construction of a “Zero Waste City” in Hengshui. Moreover, the case project can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 87,208.5 tons of CO₂ equivalent per year, with a reduction rate of over 64%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100245,"journal":{"name":"Circular Economy","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review on the recycling of polyurethane products from offshore applications","authors":"Ali Karrech,&nbsp;He Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.cec.2025.100129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cec.2025.100129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the growing environmental awareness, more scrutiny is placed on the responsible handling of materials during the decommissioning of offshore facilities no longer in use. These facilities may contain polyurethane, renowned for its versatility, resilience, stability, buoyancy, and insulation (thermal, acoustic, and electrical). Recycling polyurethane (PU) from offshore facilities is both an opportunity and a challenge that has not been addressed thoroughly yet in the published literature. While recycling polyurethane from domestic and onshore industrial applications is relatively well-documented, literature reviews on recycling PU from offshore environments are scarce. To date, there are no comprehensive syntheses on offshore PU recycling approaches. The purpose of this review is to identify published articles that (1) describe the recycling of PU with a special focus on offshore oil and gas production and transport, (2) explore potential applications/consumers for recycled PU products, and (3) examine the economic/environmental viability of PU recycling in a typical offshore province, the North West Shelf of Australia.</div><div>A systematic search was conducted using three electronic databases (Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science) to source articles that describe the recycling of offshore polyurethane and its potential. Recycling methods were extracted and synthesised to identify their advantages, disadvantages, and possible gaps in the existing body of knowledge. By synthesising the literature on PU recycling, analysing the local market, and conducting a life cycle assessment of recycling methods, this study demonstrated that mechanical recycling is superior to its alternatives in terms of environmental impact and economic viability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100245,"journal":{"name":"Circular Economy","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Material flow analysis and modelling of the feedstock potential for recycling polystyrene","authors":"Malin zu Castell-Rüdenhausen","doi":"10.1016/j.cec.2025.100127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cec.2025.100127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global plastic production has recently experienced dramatic growth, which is expected to accelerate. To reduce the environmental impacts related to plastic production and consumption, European policies call for increased plastic recycling. Polystyrene is a main commodity plastic with good recyclability; however, today, recycling levels for polystyrene are lower than those for other commodity plastics. To promote plastic circularity and increase polystyrene recycling, this study investigates feedstock availability for polystyrene recycling, using Finland as a case study. Key waste streams containing polystyrene are explored: municipal solid waste, plastic packaging waste, construction and demolition waste, as well as waste from electrical and electronic equipment. A spreadsheet-based material flow model was developed to estimate the extraction of polystyrene from waste streams in different scenario simulations. Data entered into the model was collected via literature review supported by expert interviews. This model can be applied to other regions by tailoring the input data. The results show significant potential for polystyrene recycling by implementing collection schemes for polystyrene at construction sites and by extracting polystyrene from separately collected plastic packaging waste and waste electronics, as well as by introducing industrial post-sorting of residual municipal solid waste. The findings indicate the potential of more than 10 thousand tonnes of polystyrene as feedstock for recycling, of which up to 5.2 thousand tonnes originate from the construction sector, 2.6 thousand tonnes from separately collected plastic packaging waste, 1.8 thousand tonnes from waste from electrical and electronic equipment, and 3.2 thousand tonnes from residual municipal solid waste. It can be concluded that there is significant potential for polystyrene recycling in Finland, which is partly driven by European recycling targets. However, a major obstacle for plastic recycling is related to the lack of data related to plastic waste flows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100245,"journal":{"name":"Circular Economy","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143550315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the potential of rice straw: Sustainable utilization strategies for Bangladesh","authors":"Bidhan Nath ,&nbsp;Md Moudud Ahmmed ,&nbsp;Subrata Paul ,&nbsp;Md Durrul Huda ,&nbsp;Mohammad Afzal Hossain ,&nbsp;Sharmin Islam","doi":"10.1016/j.cec.2025.100126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cec.2025.100126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bangladesh annually produces vast amounts of rice straw. However, they have low utilization efficiency, with a significant portion being wasted, and are usually openly burned (cooking food/heating) by farmers, lost during collection, and discarded or directly burned in the field. Straw holds immense potential for conversion into valuable products beyond its raw form. In the 2021–2022 season alone, Bangladesh produced 52.25 million tons of rice straw, with an energy potential of 189.52 × 10⁹ MJ. This study provided tangible information on various aspects of rice straw, including its availability, distribution, energy potential, common uses, and causes and impact as waste. Moreover, it is a comparative analysis of traditional uses alongside recent innovation utilization of straw. Suggested management options incorporating multifaceted conversion strategies are explored to encourage alternative utilization, which requires policies and diverse initiatives with financial support. Innovative approaches, such as the conversion of straw to renewable energy, along with alternative application strategies, are highlighted as promising technologies that can enhance flexibility and efficiency in utilization. Moreover, a comparative analysis has been carried out on traditional straw uses alongside recent innovations in its utilization, such as biogas production, biofuel generation, biochar creation, and composting, alongside value-added applications such as papermaking and industrial materials. A strategic approach to overcoming challenges and leveraging opportunities in rice straw utilization through technological advancements is proposed, aiming for sustainable and environmentally friendly practices. The current study emphasizes the importance of further research, particularly in the exploration of industrial and commercial applications of rice straw, to maximize its potential as a valuable agricultural residue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100245,"journal":{"name":"Circular Economy","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143349605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid kinetic analysis of FR-2 and FR-4 type printed circuit boards: A thermogravimetric analysis","authors":"Anuj Thukral ,&nbsp;Adhithiya Venkatachalapati Thulasiraman ,&nbsp;Arun K. Vuppaladadiyam ,&nbsp;Savan Kumar Patel ,&nbsp;Manoj Kumar Jena ,&nbsp;Kalpit Shah ,&nbsp;Neha Gupta ,&nbsp;Rahul Saha ,&nbsp;Anuushka Pal ,&nbsp;Parveen Saini","doi":"10.1016/j.cec.2024.100125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cec.2024.100125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the non-isothermal (5, 10, and 20 °C/min) pyrolysis of non-metallic fractions (NMFs) of the FR-2 (phenolic resin reinforced with laminated paper) and FR-4 (epoxy resin reinforced with glass fiber) type waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs), under an inert atmosphere of flowing nitrogen gas. Three iso-conversional kinetic models (Friedman, Flyn-Wall–Ozawa (FWO), and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) approaches) were employed to understand the kinetics of the pyrolysis process. Thermogravimetric-differential thermogravimetric (TG-DTG) analysis revealed that FR-4 NMFs displayed a shift in mass loss above 287 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C/min and reached 95% conversion at 515 °C. In the case of the FR-2 NMFs, two distinct devolatilization zones were observed between 250–330 °C and 330–530 °C. The kinetic investigation revealed mean activation energy values of 264.38 kJ/mol for FR-2 and 221.99 kJ/mol for FR-4. The pyrolysis reaction mechanism for FR-2 NMFs displayed a decreasing trend for conversion (<em>α</em>), which was indicative of the simplified third-order model (F3) until <em>α</em> = 0.5 and shifted to second-order diffusion (D2) in the later part of the conversion. For FR-4 NMFs, the reaction function <em>f</em>(<em>α</em>) is between random nucleation with three nuclei on the individual particle (F3) and random nucleation with one nucleus on the individual particle (F1) over the selected range of conversion. For the FR-2 and FR-4 NMFs, the average Δ<em>H</em> values were 259.30 and 217.00 kJ/mol<em>,</em> and Δ<em>G</em> values were 161.03 and 176.92 kJ/mol, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100245,"journal":{"name":"Circular Economy","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143139078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microalgae as potential agents for biochar production: Future of industrial wastewater treatment","authors":"Sayantani Ghosh ,&nbsp;Sulagna Das ,&nbsp;Avirup Panja ,&nbsp;Alexei Solovchenko ,&nbsp;Priyanka Jha","doi":"10.1016/j.cec.2024.100117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cec.2024.100117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diverse industries like breweries, textiles, paper &amp; pulp, mining, chemical &amp; nuclear, and food processing generate huge amounts of wastewater which can be toxic. This wastewater, rich in both organic compounds and inorganic salts, suspended solids, heavy metal ions and other pollutants should be properly treated before discharging into the environment. Recent studies demonstrated the efficiency of microalgae-based treatment. Microalgae are efficient in this regard since they produce photogenerated oxygen oxidizing the pollutants and toxin degrading enzymes, readily consume organics, and uptake/adsorb other pollutants. The current bottlenecks for microalgal bioremediation are high costs and low energy efficiency. The resulting biomass can be utilized for producing various forms of bioenergy via assorted traditional as well as modern techniques such as hydrothermal carbonization, pyrolysis, and torrefaction. One of the valuable outputs of these processes is biochar which is rich in nutrients and is capable of ion exchange. Therefore, it finds potential application in agriculture e.g., for revamping soil fertility and in wastewater treatment as adsorbent removing organic and inorganic pollutants. Here, we review novel processes designed for microalgae-based wastewater treatment with an emphasis on biochar production and utilization. Special attention is paid to the characterization of the physicochemical properties of biochar to maximize its targeted applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100245,"journal":{"name":"Circular Economy","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Status and development trends of phosphogypsum utilization in China","authors":"Xiong Shi ,&nbsp;Ao Zeng ,&nbsp;Huabo Duan ,&nbsp;Hui Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiakuan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.cec.2024.100116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cec.2024.100116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phosphogypsum (PG) is a byproduct generated in large quantities by the phosphate industry, and it serves as a significant source of total phosphorus (TP) pollution along the Yangtze River. Environmentally sound management of PG has, therefore, become a critical challenge. This review outlines the generation processes and environmental risks associated with PG in China. It further examines the technical characteristics of various PG utilization methods and explores the relevant technical standards and policy frameworks. Enhanced utilization of PG in building materials, road construction, soil remediation, and other high-value products is essential. Additionally, the urgent need to promote ecological restoration of PG tailings ponds is emphasized. This study provides a valuable reference for developing effective technological systems for managing PG and preventing TP pollution in China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100245,"journal":{"name":"Circular Economy","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress on the adsorption characteristics of nZVI and other iron-modified biochar for phosphate adsorption in water bodies","authors":"Ruiqing Huang ,&nbsp;Xuebin Lu ,&nbsp;Wei Li ,&nbsp;Jian Xiong ,&nbsp;Jueyuan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.cec.2024.100112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cec.2024.100112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The issue of water body eutrophication induced by phosphorus is escalating, and there is an urgent need for materials that can control phosphate in water bodies. Biochar is often used as an adsorption material for phosphate removal from water bodies because of its high efficiency, strong stability, and low cost. However, the phosphate adsorption capacity of pristine biochar is limited, and iron and its compounds are often loaded to overcome this limitation and improve the adsorption effect. The current status of the use of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) and other iron-modified biochar in the treatment of eutrophic water is summarized. The preparation process of nanoscale zero-valent iron-modified biochar was introduced. The adsorption mechanism of nZVI and other iron-modified biochar in phosphorus removal from water was explained (mainly related to the roles of electrostatic, precipitation, complexation, ion exchange, etc.); the effects of factors such as dosage, pH value, and initial phosphate concentration on the adsorption of phosphate by iron-modified biochar were analyzed; and the possibility of reusing iron-modified biochar after adsorbing phosphate was pointed out. Based on the above research, the problems and future development directions of nZVI and other iron-modified biochars were proposed. This study provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of eutrophication in water bodies and the utilization of solid waste resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100245,"journal":{"name":"Circular Economy","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}