Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering: Additive Manufacturing Frontiers最新文献

{"title":"Simultaneous Optimization of Carbon Fiber Allocation and Orientation by IFM-GA","authors":"Kenta Fukui,&nbsp;Ryota Nonami","doi":"10.1016/j.cjmeam.2023.100078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjmeam.2023.100078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper proposes an individual fitness method genetic algorithm (IFM-GA) for carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP). The strength of CFRP depends on the carbon fiber allocation and orientation. Waste carbon fiber is generated if this design is inappropriate. Consequently, CFRPs are less cost-effective. It is necessary to optimize the allocation and orientation as design variables to solve this problem. The problem involves combinatorial optimization. The genetic algorithm (GA) is suitable for combinatorial optimization. However, it is difficult to obtain an optimal solution using the GA owing to the large number of combinations. Hence, the IFM-GA is developed in this study. It is a GA-based method with a different fitness calculation. The GA calculates the fitness of each design, whereas the IFM-GA calculates the fitness of each design element. As a result, the IFM-GA yields a higher-stiffness design than the GA. To conclude, the IFM-GA can enable optimum fiber allocation and orientation, whereas the GA cannot.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100243,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering: Additive Manufacturing Frontiers","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100078"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49729290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additive Manufacturing of Composites: Toward Light-weight, Functionalization, and Intellectualization","authors":"Xiaoyong Tian ,&nbsp;Masahito Ueda ,&nbsp;Kun Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.cjmeam.2023.100082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjmeam.2023.100082","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100243,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering: Additive Manufacturing Frontiers","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100082"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49703110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D Printing of Stretchable Strain Sensor Based on Continuous Fiber Reinforced Auxetic Structure","authors":"Wanquan Yan,&nbsp;Xiaoyong Tian,&nbsp;Daokang Zhang,&nbsp;Yanli Zhou,&nbsp;Qingrui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cjmeam.2023.100073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjmeam.2023.100073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Stretchable strain sensors play a key role in motion detection and human-machine interface functionality, and deformation control. However, their sensitivity is often limited by the Poisson effect of elastic substrates. In this study, a stretchable strain sensor based on a continuous-fiber-reinforced auxetic structure was proposed and fabricated using a direct ink writing (DIW) 3D printing process. The application of multi-material DIW greatly simplifies the fabrication process of a sensor with an auxetic structure (auxetic sensor). The auxiliary auxetic structure was innovatively printed using a continuous-fiber-reinforced polydimethylsiloxane composite (Fiber-PDMS) to balance the rigidity and flexibility of the composite. The increase in stiffness enhances the negative Poisson's ratio effect of the auxetic structure, which can support the carbon nanotube-polydimethylsiloxane composite (CNT-PDMS) stretchable sensor to produce a significant lateral expansion when stretched. It is shown that the structural Poisson's ratio of the sensor decreased from 0.42 to −0.33 at 20% tensile strain, and the bidirectional tensile strain increases the sensor sensitivity by 2.52 times (gage factor to 18.23). The Fiber-PDMS composite maintains the excellent flexibility of the matrix material. The auxetic sensor exhibited no structural damage after 150 cycles of tension and the signal output exhibited high stability. In addition, this study demonstrates the significant potential of auxetic sensors in the field of deformation control.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100243,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering: Additive Manufacturing Frontiers","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100073"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49729059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Class of Additive Manufactured NiTi-Based Hierarchically Graded Chiral Structure with Low-force Compressive Actuation for Elastocaloric Heat Pumps","authors":"Xin Peng ,&nbsp;Luhao Yuan ,&nbsp;Donghua Dai ,&nbsp;Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Dongya Li ,&nbsp;Dehui Zhu ,&nbsp;Ziyu Fang ,&nbsp;Chenglong Ma ,&nbsp;Dongdong Gu ,&nbsp;Meiping Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.cjmeam.2023.100077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjmeam.2023.100077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Elastocaloric refrigeration is the most promising green solid-state refrigeration technology to replace conventional vapor compression refrigeration. The development direction of the elastocaloric component that acts as a key part of the elastocaloric refrigeration system contains a large elastocaloric effect, low stress hysteresis, high heat exchange performance, and small driving loads. The first two indices can be realized by material modification; however, the last two are more dependent on a novel porous structure design. However, the conventional porous structure is confronted with some critical challenges, including inhomogeneous stress, a significant hysteresis area, and deformation instability under the alternating cyclic loading. In this study, a NiTi-based elastocaloric structure model with chirality feature and gradient design as innovative elements was presented, bio-inspired by the structure of the plant tendrils. A quantitative optimization for the NiTi-based elastocaloric structure was performed using the finite element analysis (FEA) method. Strain and martensite volume fraction (MVF) fields during the loading and unloading processes were predicted and evaluated. The simulated results indicated that increasing the thickness gradient <em>g</em>₁ of the strip or decreasing the diameter gradient <em>g</em>₂ of the structure was beneficial to achieving more homogeneous strain and martensite distribution, simultaneously with higher energy storage efficiency and specific surface area. In addition, these NiTi-based chiral structures with different structural parameters were fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). At the optimized structure parameters of <em>g</em>₁ = 2 and <em>g</em>₂ = 1.11, the LPBF-fabricated NiTi-based chiral structure could achieve an adiabatic temperature change Δ<em>T</em>_ad of 2.3 K, driving force of as low as 149.11 N, and |Δ<em>T</em>_ad/<em>F</em>| of as high as 15.42 K/kN at a recoverable compressive strain of 10%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100243,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering: Additive Manufacturing Frontiers","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100077"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49706647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Mechanical Properties of 3D-printed Onyx Parts: Investigation on Printing Parameters and Effect of Humidity","authors":"Daouda Nikiema,&nbsp;Pascale Balland,&nbsp;Alain Sergent","doi":"10.1016/j.cjmeam.2023.100075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjmeam.2023.100075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recently, an increasing number of parts have been produced using additive manufacturing technology. They are no longer simply prototypes but structural parts whose mechanical characteristics must be known before printing. One of the weaknesses of 3D printing is the significant variability in the dimensions and geometrical and mechanical properties of the printed parts. These properties depend on specific printing parameters and environmental conditions. This study aims to determine the influence of two printing parameters, namely, the orientation and positioning of the parts on the printing platform and the influence of humidity on the mechanical properties of the parts. The studied samples were fabricated with onyx using a Markforged X7 printer. The results showed that onyx could be considered an isotropic material to a certain extent because its mechanical properties do not vary sufficiently according to the orientation angle on the printing platform; a maximum deviation of 10% was observed between the different orientations. In contrast to the orientation, the positioning (flat or <em>XY</em>, on-edge or <em>XZ</em>, and upright or <em>ZX</em>) of the workpieces significantly influenced the mechanical properties. Positioning on the edge allowed the Young's modulus to be up to 50% greater than that of flat and upright positioning. The study of the sensitivity to humidity revealed that a specimen absorbs approximately 2% of the humidity and loses up to 65% of its Young's modulus after 165 days of exposure, significantly influencing the mechanical properties of the parts. Consideration should be given to this aging of onyx when using printed parts as structural parts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100243,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering: Additive Manufacturing Frontiers","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100075"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49703053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a Perimeter on the Post-failure Behavior of Fiber-reinforced Polymer Composite Lattices","authors":"Naruki Ichihara ,&nbsp;Masahito Ueda ,&nbsp;Akira Todoroki","doi":"10.1016/j.cjmeam.2023.100074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjmeam.2023.100074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The post-failure behavior of a fiber-reinforced polymer composite lattice was experimentally studied using a beam structure. Anisotropic topology optimization was conducted to maximize the structural stiffness and partial latticing to improve toughness. Subsequently, an infill structure was generated from the optimized results using a phase field approach. The perimeter of the two-dimensional beam structure was generated from a binary solution of the optimized results. Optimized composite lattice structures were obtained using three-dimensional printing. Three-point bending tests demonstrated that the perimeter enhanced the toughness of the composite lattice. The perimeter prevented shear band failure and improved the load-carrying capability, even after maximum loading.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100243,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering: Additive Manufacturing Frontiers","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100074"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49703085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Low-pressure Annealing on the Performance of 3D Printed CF/PEEK Composites","authors":"Xiao Yu ,&nbsp;Wenzhe Song ,&nbsp;Jinghua Zheng ,&nbsp;Yiwei Chen ,&nbsp;Linlin Luo ,&nbsp;Congze Fan ,&nbsp;Zhongde Shan","doi":"10.1016/j.cjmeam.2023.100076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjmeam.2023.100076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The interlayer bonding properties are normally unsatisfying for 3D printed composites owing to the layer-by-layer formation process. In this study, low-pressure annealing was performed on 3D printed carbon fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone (CF/PEEK) to improve the interlayer bonding strength. The effects of annealing parameters on the mechanical properties and microstructure were studied. The results showed that the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of CF/PEEK improved by up to 55.4% after annealing. SEM and μ-CT were also applied to reveal the reinforcing mechanism. This improvement could mainly be attributed to the increased crystallinity of the CF/PEEK after annealing. Additionally, annealing reduced the porosity of the printed CF/PEEK and improved the fiber–resin interface. This resulted in a reduction in the stress concentration areas during loading, thereby enhancing the interlayer bonding strength of CF/PEEK.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100243,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering: Additive Manufacturing Frontiers","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100076"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49703047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Evaluation of Multiscale Fiber-reinforced Composite Powders for Powder-bed Fusion Process","authors":"Zhihao Wang ,&nbsp;Meixin Zhou ,&nbsp;Heye Xiao ,&nbsp;Shangqin Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.cjmeam.2023.100079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjmeam.2023.100079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of multiscale fiber-reinforced composite powders is an effective way to improve the mechanical properties and functionality of additively manufactured parts. Herein, a novel thermally induced precipitation process is proposed for preparing multiscale fiber-reinforced powders. A systematic evaluation was conducted to explore the main factors influencing powder morphology, powder flow, and microstructure. In the powder-forming mechanism, the polymer matrix is coated on the microfiber, and a film of carbon nanotubes covers the powder surface, which is promoted by heterogeneous nucleation. The composite powders comprised polyamide 12, carbon fiber (CF), and carbon nanotubes, which have been successfully applied in powder bed fusion processes including selective laser sintering (SLS). Smooth flow and powder deposition were observed, and the composite components obtained via SLS were well-fabricated using the optimized process parameters. A CF loading ratio of up to 66.7 wt% and homogeneous fiber distribution within the matrix were successfully achieved.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100243,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering: Additive Manufacturing Frontiers","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100079"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49706644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Ship-based Vibration on Characteristics of Arc and Droplet and Morphology in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing","authors":"Xuezhi Shi,&nbsp;Chengheng Cai,&nbsp;Pengfei Bao,&nbsp;Zhenhua Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cjmeam.2023.100067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjmeam.2023.100067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To explore the feasibility of using wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) for forming and repairing marine components during ship navigation, this study conducted deposition experiments of ER50-6 steel and investigated the interference of ship-based vibrations on the WAAM equipment and influence of the characteristics of the arc droplets and sample morphology. The results revealed that the WAAM equipment vibrated with the external vibrations from the surrounding environment, and the welding gun and base plate produced dissimilar vibrations, which yielded unstable arc shapes resembling a bell, trumpet, fan, broom, and other irregular shapes. The mode of the droplet transfer ranged from the stable spray transfer mode to extensive amounts of large droplet transfer and short-circuit transfer. Although the morphology of the obtained sample deteriorated, the fully dense and defect-free interior demonstrated the applicability of ship-based WAAM.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100243,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering: Additive Manufacturing Frontiers","volume":"2 1","pages":"Article 100067"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49759495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D Printed Antennas for 5G Communication: Current Progress and Future Challenges","authors":"Yaru Wang ,&nbsp;Xueqin Zhang ,&nbsp;Ruyue Su ,&nbsp;Mingji Chen ,&nbsp;Chujing Shen ,&nbsp;Hao Xu ,&nbsp;Rujie He","doi":"10.1016/j.cjmeam.2023.100065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjmeam.2023.100065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the advent of 5G and future trends for communication systems moving to millimeter wave (MMW) and higher frequencies, antennas will be required to have high gain, wide bandwidth, and low losses. 3D printing realizes structures by sequential stacking layer-by-layer, which enables the manufacturing of antennas with arbitrary shapes in a cheaper, faster, and flexible manner. This study provides a review of current state-of-the-art 3D printed antennas for different frequencies. First, an overview of 3D printing technology is presented. A huge number of 3D printed antennas, categorized by their material composition, have been described, including polymer, metallic, ceramic, composite material, and multi-material integrated antennas. Finally, the main challenges and prospects are discussed to provide insight into how 3D printing can be further progressed in antenna manufacturing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100243,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering: Additive Manufacturing Frontiers","volume":"2 1","pages":"Article 100065"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49703080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}