Atmospheric Environment (1967)最新文献

{"title":"Air pollution legislation and regulation in the european community: A review essay","authors":"Timothy O'Riordan","doi":"10.1016/0004-6981(89)90578-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0004-6981(89)90578-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pollution control generally is moving from the specific to the general, from the local to the international, from reactive measures to foresight management, from emission based to technology forced, and from single media managed to integrated. These are trends only, but there is a persistence behind these trends. This suggests that air pollution legislation and regulation will be driven more by international protocols and commitments than by national interests. Since enforcement will remain primarily a national responsibility because individual countries vary in their enthusiasm to meet externally imposed air pollution legislation, the weak link in the regulatory chain may well prove to be practical implementation of legislative intent.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100138,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment (1967)","volume":"23 2","pages":"Pages 293-306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0004-6981(89)90578-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52836830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atmospheric damage to calcareous stones: Comparison and reconciliation of recent experimental findings","authors":"Frederick W. Lipfert","doi":"10.1016/0004-6981(89)90587-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0004-6981(89)90587-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A compilation of published data on the rates of mass loss from calcareous (carbonate) stones is presented Data from nine of these field exposure experiments are then used in statistical analyses to postulate cause-and-effect relationships with environmental variables, i.e. damage functions, based on a theoretical framework. The metric recommended to estimate rates of damage is ‘material lost per meter of precipitation’, as affected by three mechanisms: calcite dissolution in “clean” rain (pH = 5.6), additional dissolution due to acidic precipitation, and loss by conversion to soluble salts as a result of dry deposition of SO₂ or other acidic species. The working hypothesis for dry deposition of SO₂ is that rain is needed to maintain the activity of dry deposition sites, by washing away the gypsum which has been formed. Although consistency is shown for damage functions derived from theory and from several different experimental programs, some outliers are also shown, indicating the importance of specific stone properties, physical arrangements, and experimental protocols. In addition, these damage functions are not capable of predicting catastrophic damage to stone resulting from exfoliation of sulfate crusts that have accumulated over time.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100138,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment (1967)","volume":"23 2","pages":"Pages 415-429"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0004-6981(89)90587-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52836950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indoor air: Spatial variations of chlorinated pesticides","authors":"David J. Anderson,&nbsp;Ronald A. Hites","doi":"10.1016/0004-6981(89)90532-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0004-6981(89)90532-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The concentrations of two classes of chlorinated pesticides were measured in various locations within four homes. The prevalent compounds were chlorinated derivatives of cyclopentadiene which had been used as termiticides. These compounds were found in basement areas at higher concentrations than in upstairs areas of the homes. Another class of chlorinated pesticide was represented by chlorpyrifos; its spatial profile was consistent with its application in upstairs areas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100138,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment (1967)","volume":"23 9","pages":"Pages 2063-2066"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0004-6981(89)90532-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52836209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of elemental concentrations in small-mass particulate matter aircraft samples by x-ray fluorescence","authors":"H. Sievering ,&nbsp;C. Crouch ,&nbsp;L. Gunter ,&nbsp;D. Wellman ,&nbsp;J. Boatman","doi":"10.1016/0004-6981(89)90531-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0004-6981(89)90531-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aircraft sampling of atmospheric particulate matter often implies small mass collection for subsequent analysis, especially when free tropospheric samples are considered. We present here results of the use of an X-ray fluorescence instrument, specifically designed for small-mass samples, in the determination of free tropospheric and boundary layer elemental concentrations. Based on 1- to 2-h-long samples, ng m⁻³ ambient air concentrations of Ti, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Cd and Pb may be determined with uncertainties of 5–15% in polluted and even some rural boundary layer samples. In free tropospheric and remote boundary layer samples, concentrations may be determined for many of these elements but with larger uncertainties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100138,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment (1967)","volume":"23 9","pages":"Pages 2059-2062"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0004-6981(89)90531-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52836192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of annular denuders and filter packs for atmospheric sampling","authors":"Jean M. Dasch,&nbsp;Steve H. Cadle,&nbsp;Ken G. Kennedy,&nbsp;Pat A. Mulawa","doi":"10.1016/0004-6981(89)90558-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0004-6981(89)90558-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Filter packs have commonly been used to sample atmospheric gases and particles. However, reactions between the gases and particles can occur, particularly during summer sampling. Recently, annular denuder systems (ADS) have been developed, consisting of denuder tubes that strip the reactive gases from the air, thus leaving the particles to be collected on the ADS filters. We compared the ADS to filter packs in the winter, when the filter packs are most reliable. The species sampled included SO₂, HNO₃, HCl and particulate NO₃⁻, SO₄²⁻, Na⁺ and Cl⁻. HNO₂ was also sampled with the ADS.</p><p>Filter packs are far less expensive than ADS and simpler to use in the field. The usual filter pack problem, dissociation of particulate NO₃⁻ to gaseous HNO₃, was not apparent during winter sampling. However, the open-faced filter packs are more exposed to the elements than the ADS, thus leading to high and variable blank levels—particularly for NaCl where blank levels averaged 40% of measured concentrations. In addition, up to 50% of the SO₂ was collected on the backup collector, indicating occasional poor collection efficiency. In contrast, the ADS had low blanks and high collection efficiencies with less than 3% of the SO₂ on the backup collector.</p><p>Measurements between filter packs and the ADS agreed within 10% for particles and hydrochloric acid. However, due to losses of HNO₃ in the filter pack and small losses of particles in the denuder sections, HNO₃ concentrations appear greater with the ADS than with filter packs. To the extent that the particle loss in the ADS is due to bounce-off from the impactor frit, it can be corrected in future studies. Sulfur dioxide is also 14% greater with the ADS than with the filter pack and reasons for the difference are considered.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100138,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment (1967)","volume":"23 12","pages":"Pages 2775-2782"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0004-6981(89)90558-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52836623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Absorption of NH3 and SO2 during activation of atmospheric cloud condensation nuclei","authors":"M.J. Rood,&nbsp;R.M. Currie","doi":"10.1016/0004-6981(89)90565-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0004-6981(89)90565-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A numerical model is presented that considers the micro-physics and chemistry of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) as the nuclei are transported vertically from the base of a cloud. The CCN are initially composed of mixtures of (NH₄)₂SO₄, H₂SO₄ and H₂O and are in equilibrium with gaseous SO₂ and NH₃ concentrations. The model incorporates liquid phase oxidation of S(IV) to S(VI) during adiabatic lifting of the CCN. Simultaneous absorption of SO₂ and NH₃ between the cloud droplets and gaseous dispersion medium is also considered. The model also evaluates whether the droplets are in chemical equilibrium with respect to gaseous SO₂ and NH₃ concentrations. Results from the model indicate that oxidation of S(IV) increases cloud droplet acidity during activation of the CCN. Large cloud droplets also exhibit gas phase mass transfer limitations with respect to SO₂ and NH₃. pH values of the resulting cloud droplet size distribution range over 3 pH units within the cloud at typical atmospheric conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100138,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment (1967)","volume":"23 12","pages":"Pages 2847-2854"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0004-6981(89)90565-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52836718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a dry deposition model for atmospheric coarse particles","authors":"Kenneth E. Noll,&nbsp;Kenneth Y.P. Fang","doi":"10.1016/0004-6981(89)90007-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0004-6981(89)90007-3","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Atmospheric inertial deposition of coarse particles has been quantified by the evaluation of particle dry deposition flux data collected simultaneously on the top and bottom surfaces of a smooth plate with a sharp leading edge that was pointed into the wind by a wind vane. The deposited particles were weighed and counted. The airborne concentration of coarse particles was measured with a Rotary Impactor. Deposition velocity was determined by dividing the mass flux (plate) by the airborne concentration (Rotary Impactor). The deposition velocity was considered to be due to gravitational settling (&lt;em&gt;V&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;ST&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;) and inertial deposition (&lt;em&gt;V&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;I&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;). Deposition to the upper plate surface (&lt;em&gt;V&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;dU&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;) was given by: &lt;em&gt;V&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;dU&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; = &lt;em&gt;V&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;ST&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; + &lt;em&gt;V&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;I&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;, while deposition to the lower plate surface (&lt;em&gt;V&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;dL&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;) was given by: &lt;em&gt;V&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;dL&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; = − &lt;em&gt;V&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;ST&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; + &lt;em&gt;V&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;I&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;. The inertial deposition velocity was defined as: &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;V&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;I&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mtext&gt; = &lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;̄&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;ge&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;A&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;U&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;∗&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, where &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;̄&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;ge&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;A&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; is the particle effective inertial coefficient and &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;U&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;∗&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; is friction velocity. Based on these equations, &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;̄&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;ge&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;A&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; was evaluated as a function of particle size as: &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;̄&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;ge&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;A&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mtext&gt; = 1.12e&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;−30.36/d&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;n&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, where &lt;em&gt;d&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; is the particle aerodynamic diameter (μm). The correlation coefficient was 0.92, &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;̄&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;ge&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;A&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; varied from 0.1 to 1.0 for particles between 5 and 100 μm diameter.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The particle dry deposition fluxes obtained for the top and bottom surfaces of the plate were extended to the free atmosphere. A particle flux ratio (&lt;em&gt;F&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;R&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;) was defined as: &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;F&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;R&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mtext&gt; = &lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;V&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;dL&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;V&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;dU&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. The mass median aerodynamic diameter MMD&lt;sub&gt;a&lt;/sub&gt; for the atmospheric coarse particle size distribution correlated closely with the geometric mean values of (&lt;em&gt;F&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;R&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;). The flux ratio was also related to the shape of the coarse particle mass distribution. The f","PeriodicalId":100138,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment (1967)","volume":"23 3","pages":"Pages 585-594"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0004-6981(89)90007-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52832530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A photochemical model for air quality assessment: Model description and verification","authors":"G.D. Hess","doi":"10.1016/0004-6981(89)90013-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0004-6981(89)90013-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian, photochemical model has been developed for the assessment and prediction of the impact of large point sources on air quality. This simple model is based on solving the mass conservation equations which include chemical reaction terms in the cells of a two-dimensional crosswind plane which moves with the air parcel. Testing of the model is done in three ways. First, the chemistry is evaluated using results of smog chamber experiments simulating Melbourne's emissions and meteorological conditions. Second, the accuracy of the emissions inventory is tested using aircraft measurements. Finally the overall performance of the model is evaluated using monitoring station data. In general the model gives good agreement with the measurements, with the predictions for O₃ being somewhat better than those for NO₂. This result was also found in the three-dimensional study of McRae and Seinfeld (1983, <em>Atmospheric Environment</em><strong>17</strong>, 501–522) for the Los Angeles area.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100138,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment (1967)","volume":"23 3","pages":"Pages 643-660"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0004-6981(89)90013-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52832604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Process for cleaning hot waste gas occuring in varying amounts","authors":"Christia Schwartzbach","doi":"10.1016/0004-6981(89)90046-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0004-6981(89)90046-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100138,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment (1967)","volume":"23 3","pages":"Page iv"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0004-6981(89)90046-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52832735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of ambient environmental factors on indoor formaldehyde levels","authors":"Thad Godish","doi":"10.1016/0004-6981(89)90054-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0004-6981(89)90054-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effect of ambient (outdoor) environmental parameters on formaldehyde levels in a temperature controlled urea-formaldehyde foam-insulated (UFFI) house and a mobile home was investigated over a 9-month period (July–March). Strong correlations between formaldehyde levels, solar radiation, ambient temperatures, inside/outside temperature differences and water vapor pressure were observed in the UFFI house and in the mobile home. Stepwise regression revealed a significant independent effect of solar radiation values on indoor formaldehyde levels in the UFFI house but not in the mobile home. Stepwise regression revealed no significant independent effect of the other environmental variables evaluated. The independent effect of solar radiation on formaldehyde levels in the UFFI house indicates that solar radiation can have a significant effect on formaldehyde concentrations, and this effect may explain anomolous results in whole house source interaction studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100138,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment (1967)","volume":"23 8","pages":"Pages 1695-1698"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0004-6981(89)90054-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52832857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}