Aquaculture, Fish and Fisheries最新文献

{"title":"Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) Aquaponics Enhances the Productivity of Fish and Crops: Trials on Nile Tilapia, African Catfish, Lettuce, Spinach and Basil","authors":"Nicholas Outa,&nbsp;Erick Ogello,&nbsp;George K'Otuto","doi":"10.1002/aff2.70089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aff2.70089","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigated the efficiency of nutrient film technique (NFT) aquaponic systems in enhancing the productivity of Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>), African catfish (<i>Clarias gariepinus</i>), and leafy vegetables (lettuce, spinach and basil) under aquaponic conditions. The study was conducted for 9 weeks at the Maseno University Fish Farm in Kenya. Identical tilapia-based and Catfish-based NFT setups were used, whereas soil-based crop cultivation and earthen fishpond systems served as controls. Mono-sex male tilapia and catfish fingerlings were stocked at an initial average length of 10 cm and weight of 50 g. The fish were stocked at a density of 60 fish/m³ and fed to satiation on a 35% crude protein formulated diet twice a day, whereas crops were transplanted after being raised for 20 days in the nursery and when they had at least three fully developed leaves. Fish growth in the NFT system was significantly better than in pond-based systems for tilapia and catfish. Tilapia achieved a final weight of 175 g and a feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.44 in NFT, compared to a final weight of 129.86 g and an FCR of 2.1 in the pond-based system. Catfish had a significantly higher total yield in the earthen pond (15.4 kg/m³) than in the NFT system (12.5 kg/m³) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Lettuce had significantly higher leaf area (179.9 cm²) and final yield (36 kg/m²) compared to spinach with leaf area (85.2 cm²) and yield (30.2 kg/m²), and basil with leaf area (38.0 cm²) and yield (5.7 kg/m²). The Tilapia NFT system demonstrated superior performance for fish and vegetable growth, performance and yield, water and nutrient use efficiency, and nitrogen recovery. This better performance is due to the better nutrient profile of tilapia waste compared to catfish and better adaptability to NFT systems compared to catfish.</p>","PeriodicalId":100114,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture, Fish and Fisheries","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aff2.70089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144551049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embryonic Development and a Simple Method for the Evaluation of Developmental Competence in Murray Cod (Maccullochella peelii) Eggs","authors":"Meijian Liu,&nbsp;Ming Liu,&nbsp;Quancheng Li,&nbsp;Qingli Gong,&nbsp;Yan Liu","doi":"10.1002/aff2.70074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aff2.70074","url":null,"abstract":"<p>From fertilisation to hatching, we investigated the embryonic development of hatchery-reared Murray cod eggs incubated at 20°C and determined the developmental stages. Twenty-eight readily identifiable stages with distinct morphological features were described and illustrated. Meanwhile, a simple and effective method for evaluating developmental competence at 1/2 epiboly was developed, which does not require the exhausting removal of egg chorion. Acute mortality was observed within 28 h post-fertilisation, indicating that critical stages may occur during this period. The presented results may provide vital information to improve hatchery practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":100114,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture, Fish and Fisheries","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aff2.70074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Zingiber officinale for the Modulation of Growth, Feed Utilisation and Health Status of Magur (Clarias batrachus) in Cage Culture System","authors":"Nasib Uddin,&nbsp;Fardin Shahriar,&nbsp;A. H. E. Azaz Ibnasina,&nbsp;Md. Tawheed Hasan,&nbsp;Md. Abu Kawsar,&nbsp;Fatema Jannat Munny","doi":"10.1002/aff2.70087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aff2.70087","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigated the effects of dietary ginger (<i>Zingiber officinale</i>) powder on the growth, feed utilisation, innate immune response, serum biochemical parameters and haematological health of walking catfish (<i>Clarias batrachus</i>) in a cage culture system. Four experimental diets were formulated: a control diet (C, commercial feed without ginger powder), and three treatment diets supplemented with ginger powder at 3 g/kg (T₁), 5 g/kg (T₂) and 7 g/kg (T₃) of the commercial feed. Triplicates of 30 fish (initial weight: 3.68 ± 0.05 g) were randomly assigned to the dietary treatments and fed twice daily to satiation for 56 days. At the end of the trial, fish in the T₃ group exhibited significantly higher (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) weight gain (226.47 ± 2.61%) and specific growth rate (2.11 ± 0.01%/day) compared to the control group. Additionally, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly lower in T₃ (1.18 ± 0.01), with all ginger-supplemented groups showing improved FCR relative to the control. Haematological parameters such as white blood cell (WBC) count (5.17 ± 0.15 × 10⁹/L), lymphocytes (65.13 ± 2.33 × 10⁹/L), red blood cell (RBC) count (0.15 ± 0.01 × 10¹²/L), haematocrit (HCT; 1.90 ± 0.25%), MCH (49.33 ± 2.11 pg) and platelet (MPV) count (968.33 ± 2.40 × 10⁹/L) were significantly improved in T₃. Biochemical indicators such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT; 17.59 ± 4.19 U/dL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST; 160.76 ± 1.08 U/dL) and triglycerides (TGs; 44.83 ± 2.22 mg/dL) were significantly reduced in T₃, indicating improved liver function and lipid metabolism. Moreover, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and respiratory burst (RB) activity, key innate immune markers, were significantly enhanced in T₃ compared to the control. These findings demonstrate that dietary supplementation with ginger powder, particularly at 7 g/kg (T₃), positively influenced growth, feed utilisation, immunity, serum biochemistry and haematological health in <i>C. batrachus</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":100114,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture, Fish and Fisheries","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aff2.70087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144323632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Potential of Medicinal Plants on Fish Resilience to Aeromonas hydrophila Infection: A Comprehensive Study of Immunology, Biochemistry, Growth and Survival","authors":"Alokesh Kumar Ghosh,&nbsp;Shikder Saiful Islam,&nbsp;Abul Farah Md. Hasanuzzaman","doi":"10.1002/aff2.70084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aff2.70084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i>, an omnipresent bacterium that infects a wide range of hosts, is responsible for massive mortality and significant financial losses among farm-raised fish species. To control bacterial diseases in aquaculture systems, inappropriate antibiotic therapy is commonly practised, leading to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ABR); using medicinal plants and/or extracts can be an alternative to antibiotics, thereby reducing dependency on antibiotics. Thus, a comprehensive prospecting into medicinal plant extracts to combat <i>A. hydrophila</i> infection in aquaculture is necessary. The immunostimulant characteristics of medicinal plants have generated a rising interest in their use in aquaculture. The present review examined the potential impact of plant extracts on the haematological, biochemical and immunological factors that might influence the general health of the fish as well as combat infection against <i>A. hydrophila</i>. The analysis revealed that the essential haematological parameters (haematocrit, haemoglobin, erythrocyte count and leukocyte count) and biochemical and immunological parameters (plasma glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, albumin, total proteins, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, phagocytic activity, respiratory burst activity and antioxidant activity) of fish were significantly improved when fish were fed with the extracts treated diet. Additionally, the growth parameters and survival rate of fish in the extract-treated group were found to be significantly increased subsequent to exposure to <i>A. hydrophila</i>. The findings emphasize the capacity of plant extracts to serve as eco-friendly substitutes for conventional therapies in aquaculture by enhancing fish health and resistance to diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":100114,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture, Fish and Fisheries","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aff2.70084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144308863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Effects of Ammonia Nitrogen or Nitrite Nitrogen Exposure on Micropterus salmoides and the Post-Exposure Recovery","authors":"Zeguo Zeng,&nbsp;Shuifa Zhu,&nbsp;Fan Zhou,&nbsp;Jie Chen,&nbsp;Xiaoming Shen,&nbsp;Wei Liu,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Zhang,&nbsp;Gaohua Yao","doi":"10.1002/aff2.70085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aff2.70085","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To provide guidance for the actual cultivation of <i>Micropterus salmoides</i>, the effects of ammonia-nitrogen (ammonia-N) or nitrite nitrogen (nitrite-N) stress on enzymatic activity, tissue structure and gut microbiota were investigated. The experimental groups consisted of Group 1 (control group), Group 2 (ammonia-N stress group), Group 3 (ammonia-N stress recovery group), Group 4 (nitrite-N stress group) and Group 5 (nitrite-N stress recovery group). In these groups, the LC50 of ammonia-N and nitrite-N were measured over 96 h. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activities in the experimental groups showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The SOD activity of Groups 1, 3 and 5 was significantly higher than that of Group 2 at 192 h, whereas the malondialdehyde (MDA) index was significantly lower than that of Groups 2 and 4. The ACP and AKP activities of Groups 1, 3 and 5 were significantly higher than those of Groups 2 and 4 at 192 h. Histology observation revealed the liver cells gradually worsened with increasing duration of stress; Groups 3 and 5 were less severe than Groups 2 and 4. The gills were similar to those of the liver. After ammonia-N stress, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and <i>Candidatus Bacilloplasma</i> decreased, whereas Fusobacteriota, <i>Mycoplasma</i> and <i>Cetobacterium</i> increased. After nitrite-N stress, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and <i>Candidatus Bacilloplasma</i> decreased, whereas Fusobacteriota, <i>Aeromonas</i>, <i>Cetobacterium</i> and <i>Mycoplasma</i> increased. During recovery period, Fusobacteriota, <i>Cetobacterium</i> and <i>Mycoplasma</i> continued to increase. The microbial diversity of Groups 3 and 5 was higher than that of Groups 2 and 4. In conclusion, 50 mg/L ammonia-N or 45 mg/L nitrite-N caused changes in enzyme activity, damage to the liver and gills and alterations in the gut microbiota. Besides, the physiological condition of <i>M. salmoides</i> did improve after recovery but did not return to the pre-stress state.</p>","PeriodicalId":100114,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture, Fish and Fisheries","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aff2.70085","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144308865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immuno-Haematological and Growth Responses of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Exposed to Agricultural Effluents During Dry Season in Benin's Cotton Basin","authors":"Abdou Orou-Seko,&nbsp;Rodrigue Orobiyi Edéya Pèlèbè,&nbsp;Alexis Houndji,&nbsp;Prudencio Tachégnon Agbohessi,&nbsp;Aliyou Yarou Lafia,&nbsp;Abdullateef Ajadi,&nbsp;Akeem Babatunde Dauda,&nbsp;Denis Worlanyo Aheto,&nbsp;Ibrahim Imorou Toko","doi":"10.1002/aff2.70083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aff2.70083","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pesticide residues pose a significant risk to aquatic ecosystems, fauna and human health. Yet, the physiological impact on aquatic organisms, especially fish exposed to pesticide residues in the dry season, remains unexplored, and even data on chronic exposure to pesticide residue mixtures under natural environmental conditions remains scarce. This study evaluated the immune, haematological and growth responses of <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> exposed to cotton field effluents under in-situ conditions during the dry season in the Batran water reservoir. A 56-day experiment was conducted during the dry season using a 2 × 1 design (pen culture system × two environments). The Batran water reservoir in Benin's cotton basin (effluent-exposed site) was used as a test (polluted) environment, and a concrete tank at the Station de Recherche et d'Innovation en Aquacultures (SRIA) of the University of Parakou represented the controlled environment. The results revealed that <i>O. niloticus</i> exposed to the polluted environment showed significantly lower macrophage activity compared to the control (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). The haematological analysis showed elevated eosinophil and heterophil levels in the polluted environment compared to the controls (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). On the growth parameters, generally, <i>O. niloticus</i> exhibited higher growth performance in the polluted environment compared to the control, with a significant difference only with the final average weight (83.61 ± 16.61 g; 69.44 ± 5.73 g, respectively) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) at the end of the experiment. These findings imply that the absence of pesticide application during the dry season at Batran likely reduced pollutant-induced physiological stress, thereby enhancing growth despite comparable immune metrics. These findings suggest the need to contextualise aquaculture management strategies within seasonal agrochemical use cycles, as non-application periods may offer critical recovery intervals for farmed species.</p>","PeriodicalId":100114,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture, Fish and Fisheries","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aff2.70083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144308864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aquaculture in Peru: Situation, Challenges and Prospects","authors":"Euler Dolores-Salinas,&nbsp;Lluís Miret-Pastor","doi":"10.1002/aff2.70082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aff2.70082","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aquaculture in Peru is a sector with significant growth and development in recent years. However, it faces multiple challenges to ensure its sustainability. This study aims to characterize the Peruvian aquaculture system by analysing the public, private and educational stakeholders involved, as well as the productive, commercial and environmental challenges it encounters. A descriptive methodology was employed, utilizing quantitative data from secondary sources provided by public and private entities. The data reveal a substantial increase in the production and export of aquaculture products since the 1990s, peaking in 2019. However, since then, a decline in production and notable changes in export markets have been observed. This study identifies the key challenges facing Peruvian aquaculture and proposes a series of measures to ensure its sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":100114,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture, Fish and Fisheries","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aff2.70082","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-Stocking Annual Survival of Fingerling- and Catchable-Sized MYY Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis in a Small Stream","authors":"Jennifer L. Vincent,&nbsp;Kevin A. Meyer","doi":"10.1002/aff2.70077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aff2.70077","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The use of hatchery male fish with two Y chromosomes (M_YY) to progressively shift sex ratios of wild populations to 100% male is a novel approach for eradication of undesirable nonnative fish populations, but M_YY fish must survive post-release to successfully reproduce. Post-release apparent survival of 250 mm M_YY brook trout <i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i> stocked in a small stream averaged % annually over the first five years of stocking but increased to 17% once stocking size was reduced to 130 mm. Results suggest that successful M_YY eradication programmes may be contingent in part on M_YY stocking size.</p>","PeriodicalId":100114,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture, Fish and Fisheries","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aff2.70077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144256333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatty Acid Composition of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Fed on Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermitia illucens) Formulated Diets","authors":"Benard Omboga Maranga,&nbsp;Kevin Mbogo Omolo,&nbsp;Robert Nesta Kagali,&nbsp;Paul sagwe Orina,&nbsp;Domitila Ndinda Kyule","doi":"10.1002/aff2.70078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aff2.70078","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A four-months feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of fishmeal (FM) replacement using black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) on the fatty acid composition of catfish. Diets containing 35% crude protein content (CP) were formulated with BSFL replacing FM at D₁ (50:50), D₂ (25:75), and D₃ (75:25) and tested using commercial diet D₄. Fifty catfish fingerlings, each weighing (5.6±0.5)g, were stocked per tank in 12, 1000L capacity tanks and subjected to the dietary treatment. Whole body, liver and muscle tissues were obtained from experimental fish and analysed for fatty acid composition using gas chromatography in the laboratory. Results showed significant variation (p&lt; 0.05) in fatty acid composition between dietary treatments and fish tissues analysed. The BSFL inclusion rates in diets had an impact on the fatty acid composition of fish tissues. Values obtained for saturated fatty acid (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) for fish tissues analysed were higher compared to values obtained for SFA and MUFA in diets. Values obtained for polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) for fish tissues were lower compared to values obtained for PUFA in diets. Muscle tissues of fish fed on D₂ and D₃ obtained the highest levels of SFA and MUFA, respectively, while whole body tissue of fish fed on D₁ obtained the highest value for PUFA. Liver tissue for fish fed on D₃ and D₁ obtain substantially high levels of MUFA and PUFA. The highest concentration of PUFA in fish tissues was obtained for D₁ with 50% BSFL replacement; thus, D₁ is recommended for catfish diet formulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":100114,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture, Fish and Fisheries","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aff2.70078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144256179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive Reproductive Strategies in Schizothoracine Fishes: Dual Spawning Phases and Environmental Synchronization in Himalayan Ecosystems","authors":"Syed Talia Mushtaq","doi":"10.1002/aff2.70081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aff2.70081","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Schizothoracine fishes, endemic to the Himalayan region, exhibit remarkable adaptive reproductive strategies in response to their challenging high-altitude aquatic environments. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the dual spawning phases and environmental synchronization observed in these species, with a focus on the genus <i>Schizothorax</i>. These fishes demonstrate a unique ability to spawn twice annually, with distinct breeding periods in summer (June–October) and winter (January–March). Dual spawning phases allow Schizothoracine fishes to optimize reproductive output by synchronizing hatching and larval emergence with periods of high food availability and favourable temperatures, thereby increasing offspring survival (Bromage et al. 1993; Tao et al. 2018). This reproductive plasticity is closely synchronized with environmental cues such as water temperature, discharge, and photoperiod, allowing for optimized breeding cycles in dynamic ecosystems. Notably, spawning periods may vary among populations of the same species based on local ecological conditions and elevational gradients. The review explores the adaptive significance of these strategies, including increased reproductive success and enhanced population resilience. In addition, it examines the implications of these adaptations for conservation efforts in the face of climate change and anthropogenic pressures in the Himalayan region.</p>","PeriodicalId":100114,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture, Fish and Fisheries","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aff2.70081","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}