Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde最新文献

{"title":"New parasitoids of Paraphytomyza populi (Kltb.) (Diptera, Agromyzidae) in Bulgaria","authors":"G.Ts. \u0000 Georgiev\u0000 \u0000 ,&nbsp;P. \u0000 Boyadzhiev","doi":"10.1034/j.1399-5448.2002.02020.x","DOIUrl":"10.1034/j.1399-5448.2002.02020.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p> <b>The parasitoid complex of <i>Paraphytomyza populi</i> (Kltb.) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) was studied in Sofia, Bulgaria in 1997. Poplar leaves with <i>P. populi</i> larvae and pupae were collected from poplar stump shoots and examined in a laboratory. As a result, eleven parasitoid species were established: <i>Chorebus albipes</i> (Haliday) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), <i>Pediobius metallicus</i> (Nees), <i>Danuviella subplana</i> Erdos, <i>Chrysocharis nephereus</i> (Walker), <i>Chrysocharis pubicornis</i> (Zetterstedt), <i>Diglyphus crassinervis</i> Erdos, <i>Diglyphus isaea</i> (Walker), <i>Diglyphus albiscapus</i> Erdos, <i>Cirrospilus diallus</i> Walker, <i>Cirrospilus pictus</i> (Nees) (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) and <i>Elasmus</i> sp. (Hymenoptera, Elasmidae). Six species (<i>D. crassinervis, D. isaea, D. albiscapus, C. diallus, C. pictus</i> and <i>Elasmus</i> sp.) have been recorded as new parasitoids of <i>P. populi</i>. The genus <i>Danuviella</i> was found for the first time in Bulgaria. Five species (<i>C. albipes, P. metallicus, D. subplana, D. crassinervis</i> and <i>D. albiscapus</i>) are new records for the fauna of the country. The total mortality of <i>P. populi</i> caused by parasitoids was 19.1 % and 49.0 % for the overwintering and the summer generations, respectively. <i>P. metallicus</i> was the most important in reducing the pest number.</b> </p>","PeriodicalId":100103,"journal":{"name":"Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde","volume":"75 3","pages":"69-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1034/j.1399-5448.2002.02020.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124408472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigations on side-effects of the mixed biocide GCSC-BtA on different predators of Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lep., Plutellidae) in southeastern China","authors":"B. \u0000 Liu\u0000 \u0000 ,&nbsp;C. \u0000 Sengonca","doi":"10.1034/j.1399-5448.2002.02015.x","DOIUrl":"10.1034/j.1399-5448.2002.02015.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p> <b>The present paper deals with laboratory studies on side-effects of the mixed biocide GCSC-BtA on <i>Plutella xylostella</i> (L.) (Lep., Plutellidae) and its predators, e. g. <i>Amblyseius longispinosus</i> (Evans) (Acari, Phytoseiidae), <i>Erigonidium graminicola</i> (Sundvall) (Araneae, Linyphiidae), <i>Orius similis</i> Zheng (Het., Anthocoridae) and <i>Coccinella septempunctata</i> L.(Col., Coccinellidae), in comparison to the commercial insecticides, e. g. Abamectin, Tebufenozide, Dichlorvos, Cartap and Lambda-cyhalothrin.\u0000\u0000The results showed that GCSC-BtA was highly toxic to the 3^rd instar of <i>P. xylostella</i> with 91.18 % mortality, followed by Cartap with 84.38 %, Abamectin with 78.00 %, Tebufenozide with 75.57 %, Lambda-cyhalothrin with 63.75 % and Dichlorvos with 50.86 % mortality. On the other hand, GCSC-BtA was found to be comparatively less toxic to the predators, causing 31.11 %, 13.33 %, 11.54 % and 6.00 % mortalities in <i>A. longispinosus, E. graminicola, O. similis and C. septempunctata</i>, respectively. For comparison, the mortalities recorded for Abamectin, Tebufenozide, Dichlorvos, Cartap, Lambda-cyhalothrin were 72.94 %, 55.55 %, 70.00 %, 53.26 % and 98.85 % in <i>A. longispinosus</i>, 46.51 %, 55.10 %, 60.00 %, 46.00 % and 73.68 % in <i>E. graminicola</i>, 22.00 %, 16.00 %, 35.71 %, 26.78 % and 81.03 % in <i>O. similis</i>, 15.55 %, 19.64 %, 28.00 %, 16.66 % and 41.79 % in <i>C. septempunctata</i>, respectively.\u0000\u0000Cluster analysis was introduced to group the mortalities caused by the treatments into three toxicity groups with the distance of D = 4.1. The 1^st group consisted of GCSC-BtA characterized with low toxicity to all the predators tested with 15.49 % mortality on average (highest 31.11 % and lowest 6.00 %). The 2^nd group consisted of Abamectin, Tebufenozide, Dichlorvos and Cartap with moderate toxicity to the predators with 39.96 % mortality on average. The 3^rd group included Lambda-cyhalothrin with high toxicity to the predators with 73.83 % mortality on average (highest 98.85 % and lowest 41.70 %). The susceptibility of the pest and its predators to GCSC-BtA and the insecticides is discussed. GCSC-BtA as a biological control agent is recommended for use in the integrated pests control programs in the vegetable fields.</b> </p>","PeriodicalId":100103,"journal":{"name":"Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde","volume":"75 3","pages":"57-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1034/j.1399-5448.2002.02015.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126986386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of GCSC-BtA biocide on population dynamics of cabbage pests and their natural enemies from fields in southeastern China","authors":"C. \u0000 Sengonca\u0000 \u0000 ,&nbsp;B. \u0000 Liu","doi":"10.1046/j.1439-0280.2002.02014.x","DOIUrl":"10.1046/j.1439-0280.2002.02014.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present paper deals with the effect of the biocide GCSC-BtA on population dynamics of cabbage pests, i. e., <i>Plutella xylostella</i> (L.) (Lep., Plutellidae), <i>Brevicoryne brassicae</i> (L.) (Hom., Aphididae), <i>Liriomyza sativae</i> Blanch. (Dip., Agromyzidae), <i>Phyllotreta vittata</i> Fabric. (Col., Chrysomelidae) and their natural enemies, i. e., <i>Apanteles plutellae</i> Kurdj. (Hym., Braconidae), <i>Erigonidium graminicola</i> (Sundv.) (Araneida, Linyphiidae), <i>Coccinella septempunctata</i> L. (Col., Coccinellidae), in common head cabbage (<i>Brassica oleracea var. capitata</i>) fields in the southeastern China. The experiments were conducted at the experimental farm of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, PR China in April – June, 2001.\u0000\u0000The results showed that, at the end of sampling, the pest populations of <i>P. xylostella, B. brassicae</i> and <i>P. vittata</i> reached averages of 39.7, 68.3 and 6.2 ind. / 30 plants in the plot treated with GCSC-BtA, which were about 1.5, 11 and 0.7 times lower than those treated with methomyl, respectively. In contrast, the natural enemy populations were, on average, 23.5 ind./30 plants for <i>A. plutellae</i>, 24.6 ind./30 plants for <i>E. graminicol</i> and 12.2 ind./30 plants for <i>C. septempunctata</i> in the plot treated with GCSC-BtA, about 6, 5 and 3 times higher than for those treated with methomyl, respectively. The GCSC-BtA biocide demonstrated greater effectiveness in controlling the cabbage pests, e. g., <i>P. xylostella, B. brassicae</i> and <i>P. vittata</i>, having final decreasing ratios of 83.60, 97.05 and 53.67 % compared to 57.63, 64.89 and 30.88 % with the methomyl insecticide. However, it was less toxic to natural enemies, e. g., <i>A. plutellae, E. graminicola</i> and <i>C. septempunctata</i>, final decreasing ratios being 47.68, 17.84, 27.81 %, than methomyl, with 90.94, 80.80, 74.55 %, in comparison to the populations in the control plots, respectively. So, because of the low toxicity of GCSC-BtA to the natural enemies, it is recommended that, on one hand, its application should be carried out after mass migration of the pests to the fields, on the other hand, the alternative agent GCSC-BtA should be used with the aim of minimizing the harmfulness to the natural enemies in the whole program of integrated pest management in cabbage fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":100103,"journal":{"name":"Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde","volume":"75 2","pages":"46-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1046/j.1439-0280.2002.02014.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134473621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Susceptibility of the spider Theridion impressum to 17 pesticides","authors":"S. Pekár","doi":"10.1046/j.1439-0280.2002.02016.x","DOIUrl":"10.1046/j.1439-0280.2002.02016.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Susceptibility of immature individuals of the spider <i>Theridion impressum</i> to 17 pesticides (6 insecticides, 4 acaricides, 4 fungicides and 3 herbicides) was tested in the laboratory. The pesticides were applied at recommended rates in a Potter tower. Mortality was evaluated for 4 subsequent days. Broad-spectrum insecticides, cypermethrin+chlorpyrofos (Nurelle), α-cypermethrin (Vaztak), and deltamethrin (Decis), were toxic to spiders. Selective insecticides, pirimicarb (Pirimor), <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (Novodor), and triazamate (Aztec), were harmless. All tested acaricides, pirimiphos-methyl (Actellic), flufenoxuron (Cascade), τ-fluvalinate+thiometon (Mavrik), and bifenthrin (Talstar) showed high toxicity. Of the fungicides, dithianon (Delan), benomyl (Fundazol), iprodione (Rovral), and dodine (Syllit), only dithianon was slightly harmful, while the remaining fungicides were harmful. All herbicides, metazachlor (Butisan), clomazone (Command), and clopyralid (Lontrel), were harmless to <i>T. impressum</i>. Three selective insecticides, 3 fungicides and 3 herbicides are recommended for use in plant protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":100103,"journal":{"name":"Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde","volume":"75 2","pages":"51-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1046/j.1439-0280.2002.02016.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131238739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hausrattennachweise (Rattus rattus L.) in bewohnten Wohnh?usern in Magdeburg","authors":"U. Mielke","doi":"10.1046/j.1439-0280.2002.02003.x","DOIUrl":"10.1046/j.1439-0280.2002.02003.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Storehouses and mills in the Magdeburg region are known to be infested with black (ore house) rats. In residential buildings, however, house rats (<i>Rattus rattus</i> L.) have not been detected for at least 20 years. Therefore, it was of much interest for the expert to note that this rat species had been seen in two occupied residential buildings (a refurbished old building and a terraced house). It has been suspected for a longer time that black rats can be found in certain residential buildings in towns or even cities.</p>","PeriodicalId":100103,"journal":{"name":"Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde","volume":"75 1","pages":"30-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1046/j.1439-0280.2002.02003.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134262634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Neem extract on Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) and Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)","authors":"A. \u0000 Zabel\u0000 \u0000 ,&nbsp;B. \u0000 Manojlovic\u0000 \u0000 ,&nbsp;S. \u0000 Rajkovic\u0000 \u0000 ,&nbsp;S. \u0000 Stankovic\u0000 \u0000 ,&nbsp;And M. \u0000 Kostic","doi":"10.1046/j.1439-0280.2002.02006.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0280.2002.02006.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>High antifeedancy and low toxicity of the plant preparation Neem (azadirachtin), on the gypsy moth, <i>Lymantria dispar</i> L. larvae were proved under laboratory conditions. A high index of Neem antifeedancy was confirmed in all tested concentrations.Under laboratory conditions the Neem had satisfying antifeedancy on <i>Leptinotarsa decemlineata</i> Say third instar larvae too. Field experiments also proved that the foliage protective effect of Neem was very significant.Experiments showed that some antifeedants or repellents, such as Neem, should control olygophagous (<i>L. decemlineata</i>, Coleoptera) insects as well as very polyphagous insects such as <i>L. dispar</i> (Lepidoptera).As a biological, plant-derived preparation, Neem could be suitable for integrated pest management (IPM) programs, especially in small orchards, parks, and tree rows in urban environments and on small private gardens.</p>","PeriodicalId":100103,"journal":{"name":"Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde","volume":"75 1","pages":"19-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1046/j.1439-0280.2002.02006.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91794648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival and food choice of the grey field slug (Deroceras reticulatum) on three different seed types under laboratory conditions","authors":"J. Gebauer","doi":"10.1046/j.1439-0280.2002.02001.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0280.2002.02001.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In Ireland, the grey field slug (<i>Deroceras reticulatum</i>) is the predominant slug pest species in arable crops. It can cause enormous damage, but the knowledge about its feeding biology is limited.Adult species were reared under laboratory conditions, and the survival, feeding activity, and weight change of slugs when feed on maize, peas, or wheat seeds were investigated. An especially high mortality was experienced in the wheat treatment. It was hypothesised that the high mortality was due to a <i>Fusarium</i> species, however, a <i>Fusarium</i> infection of the wheat seeds was not confirmed. The weight change of the slugs was very variable due to a high egg production of some slugs.A second experiment examined the food choice and feeding activity of <i>D. reticulatum</i> when offered a choice of the three seed types. Most of the slugs preferred to feed on a mixture of seeds, but the highest feeding activity was recorded on the pea seeds.</p>","PeriodicalId":100103,"journal":{"name":"Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde","volume":"75 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1046/j.1439-0280.2002.02001.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91794649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The thermal constant for timing the emergence of the Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Oliv.) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)","authors":"H. S. Salama,&nbsp;M. K. Hamdy,&nbsp;M. Magd El-Din","doi":"10.1046/j.1439-0280.2002.02004.x","DOIUrl":"10.1046/j.1439-0280.2002.02004.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The pupal duration of the red palm weevil, <i>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus</i> (Oliv.) at two different temperatures revealed that the thermal threshold is – 2.3 °C, while the thermal constant is 423 degree days. Around 20.7 cycles of weevil emergence per year have been predicted in Egypt. A temperature between 44 – 45 °C was found to be the higher threshold at which the pupae are killed. The heat units required for the pupal development were utilized to predict the dates of adult emergence throughout the year.</p>","PeriodicalId":100103,"journal":{"name":"Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde","volume":"75 1","pages":"26-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1046/j.1439-0280.2002.02004.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123949830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies on insects and mites causing galls on the leaves of common ash Fraxinus excelsior L. in the Ojców National Park in Poland","authors":"Małgorzata Skrzypczyńska","doi":"10.1046/j.1439-0280.2002.02002.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0280.2002.02002.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The occurrence frequency of galls caused by insects and mites on the leaves of <i>Fraxinus excelsior</i> L. was investigated, based on leaf samples collected in the Ojców National Park in 2000 – 2001. The species composition of galls was identical in two consecutive years. Galls were caused by 5 species a total of 2881 galls. The most numerous species was <i>Dasineura fraxinea</i> (Kieffer) in both years.Index of occurrence frequency and Agrell's index of species co-existence have been calculated. This index reached the highest values in case of <i>Dasineura fraxinea</i> and <i>Vasates fraxini</i> (Nalepa) in 2000 as well as <i>D. fraxinea</i> and <i>Psyllopsis fraxini</i> (L.) in 2001.</p>","PeriodicalId":100103,"journal":{"name":"Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde","volume":"75 1","pages":"11-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1046/j.1439-0280.2002.02002.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91794651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increase of Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdj.) in hot and dry weather (2000) (Hom., Aphididae)","authors":"P. \u0000 Starý\u0000 \u0000 ,&nbsp;Hana \u0000 Lukášová","doi":"10.1046/j.1439-0280.2002.02007.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0280.2002.02007.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Two hot and dry weather periods during mid-spring and early summer caused severe drought-stress to barley groves in many districts of the Czech Republic in 2000. Although not generally taken into consideration as an injury-increasing factor, the Russian wheat aphid (= RWA), <i>Diuraphis noxia</i> (Kurdj.), was discovered to contribute significantly to injury in the ripening stage of spring barley as well as to the substantial decrease of yield (up to 30 – 40 % of the calculated mean, in some districts). RWA increased considerably not only in the lowland banker areas but also in the higher altitudes, values in the latter case then manifesting those found in the lowland banker areas in the previous years.</p>","PeriodicalId":100103,"journal":{"name":"Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde","volume":"75 1","pages":"6-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1046/j.1439-0280.2002.02007.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90135148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}