Maria Mermiri, Georgios Mavrovounis, Eleni Laou, Nikolaos Papagiannakis, Ioannis Pantazopoulos, Athanasios Chalkias
{"title":"Association of vasopressors with mortality in critically ill patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Maria Mermiri, Georgios Mavrovounis, Eleni Laou, Nikolaos Papagiannakis, Ioannis Pantazopoulos, Athanasios Chalkias","doi":"10.1007/s44254-023-00013-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44254-023-00013-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Exogenous catecholamines may have pronounced side effects and affect physiological cascades. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vasopressors on mortality of critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and ClinicalTrials.gov was conducted for relevant articles until December 2022. Eligibility criteria were randomized controlled and non-randomized trials. The primary outcome was in-hospital and 30-day mortality. The quality of studies was assessed using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) tool, while paired meta-analysis was used to estimate the pooled risk ratios (RR) along with their 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI). Analyses of 22 studies (<i>n</i> = 8034) revealed that vasopressor use is associated with mortality compared to no vasopressor therapy [RR (95%CI): 4.30 (3.21, 5.75); <i>p</i> < 0.001]. In-hospital and 30-day mortality are significantly higher in patients who receive vasopressors [RR (95%CI): 4.60 (2.47, 8.55); <i>p</i> < 0.001 and RR (95%CI): 2.97 (1.72, 5.14); <i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively]. Also, analyses of data from 10 studies (<i>n</i> = 3519) revealed that vasopressor use is associated with acute kidney injury [RR (95%CI): 3.17 (2.21, 4.54); <i>p</i> < 0.001]. In conclusion, current use of vasopressors in critically ill patients with COVID-19 may be associated with higher in-hospital mortality, 30-day mortality, and incidence rate of acute kidney injury. Further research is required to estimate the correlation of specific vasopressor characteristics (type, timing, dose, combination) with adverse effects and mortality in this population.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000 <div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100082,"journal":{"name":"Anesthesiology and Perioperative Science","volume":"1 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44254-023-00013-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74792211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The impact of perioperative acute kidney injury/failure on short and long surgical outcomes","authors":"Valerie Mok, Jonathan Nixon, Jie Hu, Daqing Ma","doi":"10.1007/s44254-022-00001-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44254-022-00001-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of acute kidney injury after surgery is associated with significant mortality and morbidity and with worse short and long-term outcomes. Patients who develop acute kidney injury are at an increased risk of developing long-term renal dysfunction, which leads to lower quality of life and greater financial burden on the healthcare system. Although there are various systems to classify the severity of acute kidney injury, most systems only measure components that deteriorate after significant renal damage, such as urine output and serum creatinine. Surgical trauma and stress trigger acute kidney injury development, in addition to multiple co-morbidities, cardiovascular disease, and postoperative factors. The pathophysiology of acute kidney injury is complex, and this is reflected in the heterogenous population that is affected. Treatment is largely supportive and focuses on ensuring adequate renal perfusion, correcting electrolyte abnormalities and avoiding further renal injury. Current research focuses on novel biomarkers that detect decreased renal function earlier and that the deteriorating renal function can be treated before long-lasting damage occurs. This review discusses the epidemiology, aetiology, risk factors, and short and long-term surgical outcomes of acute kidney injury. Treatment, prevention, and recent developments in future research are also discussed.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000 <div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100082,"journal":{"name":"Anesthesiology and Perioperative Science","volume":"1 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44254-022-00001-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82102483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emergency endotracheal intubation in critically ill patients with COVID-19: management and clinical characteristics","authors":"Fuquan Fang, Jing Jin, Yongmin Pi, Shaohui Guo, Yuhong Li, Shengmei Zhu, Xianhui Kang","doi":"10.1007/s44254-023-00003-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44254-023-00003-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purposes</h3><p>SARS-CoV-2 have become widespread worldwide since the outbreak. Respiratory function deteriorates rapidly in critically ill patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Endotracheal intubation is an indispensable therapeutic measure during the development of the disease. This study was intended to describe the experience of endotracheal intubation from front-line anesthesiologists and clinical prognosis of patients infected with Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19).</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Fourteen critical patients infected with COVID-19 who underwent endotracheal intubation were included in this study. We collate and analyze the blood gas results before and after tracheal intubation of patients and clinical prognostic indicators such as length of stay and. mortality. The experience of anesthesiologists who intubated patients has also been recorded in detail.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Patients had a mean time of 10.6 days from initial symptoms to endotracheal intubation. Most intubated patients had one or more underlying conditions: hypertension (8, 57.14%), diabetes (5, 35.71%), and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (2, 14.29%). The oxygenation index increased significantly after intubation compared with before intubation (148.80 ± 42.25 vs 284.43 ± 60.17 <i>p</i> < 0.001). 85.72% of patients required extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) due to inability to maintain oxygen saturation with standard therapeutic measures. Two patients underwent lung transplantation because their lungs were essentially nonfunctional, and they recovered well after surgery. As of this writing, all patients were discharged after satisfactory recovery.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Reasonable selection of intubation timing is particularly important. It is crucial to increase the patient's oxygen supply and reduce oxygen consumption as much as possible during endotracheal intubation. In addition, the personal protective measures of medical personnel participating in treatment should be scientific and standardized.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000 <div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100082,"journal":{"name":"Anesthesiology and Perioperative Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44254-023-00003-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88161495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of sleep deprivation-associated Homer1 gene and protein acting on synaptic plasticity by bioinformatics and animal experiments","authors":"Yun Li, Lina Zhao, Qi Zhou, Xizhe Zhang, Jiannan Song, Xinyi Wang, Chenyi Yang, Haiyun Wang","doi":"10.1007/s44254-023-00010-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44254-023-00010-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Homer1, an immediate early gene, is related to sleep deprivation (SD), and its protein products are involved in synaptic plasticity affecting the cognitive process. This study aimed to identify the SD-associated key Homer1 gene in the brain and explore the value of Homer1 proteins acting on synaptic plasticity in SD.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>GSE9441 was extracted from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between SD and Control samples were achieved by R software and were analyzed by the Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Protein–protein interactions (PPI) network was built by the GeneMANIA databases. In animal experiments, male C57BL/6 J mice (aged 12–13 weeks) were sleep deprived for 6 h, followed by independent behavioral tests and in vitro assays. Morris water maze (MWM) was used to evaluate learning and memory function. The expression of hippocampal Homer1 proteins was detected by Western blot analysis and its distribution in CA1 by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. Synaptic plasticity was assessed by Golgi staining and long-term potentiation (LTP) testing in the hippocampal CA1 region.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Homer1 was the hub gene most associated with SD, and its protein products specifically acted on the regulation of synaptic plasticity in bioinformatics. SD mice exhibited spatial memory impairment accompanied by increased Homer1a expression in hippocampal tissue and CA1 region. SD did not induce Homer1b/c overexpression of mice in the hippocampus. SD impaired the hippocampal synaptic plasticity of mice by reducing the density of dendritic spines and inhibiting LTP in the hippocampal CA1 region, which may involve the overexpression of Homer1a in the hippocampus.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Homer1 gene is a core brain molecule associated with acute SD, and its protein product Homer1a is involved in the changes in cognitive brain function following short-term SD, especially the impact on hippocampal synaptic plasticity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100082,"journal":{"name":"Anesthesiology and Perioperative Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44254-023-00010-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86427073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Perspective from anesthesiologists on the therapy of critically ill patients with COVID-19","authors":"Hui Li, Ruping Dai","doi":"10.1007/s44254-023-00009-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44254-023-00009-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the surge of critically ill COVID-19 patients in China, numerous anesthesiologists from anesthesia intensive care units (AICU) or reallocated to other ICUs were devoted to the treatment of COVID-19. Besides the standard protocols to treat COVID-19 cases, anesthesiologists also have their own experience to treat COVID-19 cases based on professional expertise and practice. Here, we propose some viewpoints to treat critically ill COIVD-19 patients from the perspective of anesthesiologists.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100082,"journal":{"name":"Anesthesiology and Perioperative Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44254-023-00009-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82263234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The potential impact of COVID-19 disease caused multi-organ injuries on patients' surgical outcomes","authors":"Sanketh Rampes, Daqing Ma","doi":"10.1007/s44254-023-00004-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44254-023-00004-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To provide an expert commentary on the impact of prior COVID-19 infection on patient’s surgical outcomes and postoperative recovery. To highlight the need for greater focus on peri-operative care of patients who have recovered from COVID-19.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>A narrative review of the literature was conducted by searching Pubmed and EMBASE for relevant articles using keywords such as “COVID-19”, “Coronavirus”, “surgery” and “peri-operative infection”.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Post-COVID-19 condition also known as long COVID has an estimated incidence of between 3.0 to 11.7%. COVID-19 has been shown to cause a series of short and long-term sequelae including cardiopulmonary complications, renal impairment, chronic fatigue and muscular deconditioning. Peri-operative infection with COVID-19 is associated with increased peri-operative mortality. Elective surgery patients who developed COVID-19 were 26 times more likely to die whilst in hospital compared to controls without COVID-19 infection, and for emergency surgery patients with COVID-19 infection were six times more likely to die. A large international prospective cohort study identified that patients who had surgery delayed over 7 weeks from the date of COVID-19 infection had no increased 30-day postoperative mortality, except those with ongoing symptoms.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>COVID-19 infection and its complications have been shown to adversely affect surgical outcomes. Further research is required to better characterise long COVID and the long-term sequelae that develop, which should be used to guide comprehensive peri-operative assessment of patients.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000 <div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100082,"journal":{"name":"Anesthesiology and Perioperative Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44254-023-00004-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87970707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shaoyong Song, Weiming Zhao, Yumeng Ji, Qinghong Huang, Yixuan Li, Shiwen Chen, Jianping Yang, Xin Jin
{"title":"SHANK2 protein contributes to sevoflurane-induced developmental neurotoxicity and cognitive dysfunction in C57BL/6 male mice","authors":"Shaoyong Song, Weiming Zhao, Yumeng Ji, Qinghong Huang, Yixuan Li, Shiwen Chen, Jianping Yang, Xin Jin","doi":"10.1007/s44254-023-00005-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44254-023-00005-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Repeated exposures to sevoflurane could induce epigenetic modifications in specific brain regions and cognitive impairments in the immature mice. Conflicting findings make neurobehavioral manifestations intricate and potential mechanisms elusive. Influence of neonatal anesthesia with sevoflurane on the expression of synaptic scaffold proteins and neuronal activity remains to be determined.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>C57BL/6 male and female mice in breeding ages were used to produce next generation. The offspring male mice were randomly scheduled to receive 3.0% sevoflurane plus 60% oxygen for 2 h daily at postnatal day (P) 6–8. Three-chambered social paradigm was used to test social affiliation and social memory. Morris water maze was used to test learning and memory. Whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS), differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed to screen target gene in sequence context of CG. RT-PCR and immunoblotting analysis were used to assess expression of the <i>Shank</i> gene family, as well as DNA methylases.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The male mice undergoing sevoflurane anesthesia at P6-8 showed diminished preference for novel conspecific and prolonged escape latency and decreased platform-crossing times. The sevoflurane-exposed mice showed reduced mRNA and protein levels of the <i>Shank2</i> gene. KEGG analysis disclosed the role of DNA hypermethylation of <i>Shank2</i> gene in the pathway of glutamatergic synapse. In addition, sevoflurane anesthesia reduced mRNA and protein levels of the TET3 enzyme.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Repeated exposures to sevoflurane in neonatal period could impair social recognition memory and spatial reference memory in the male mice. Reduction of hippocampal SHANK2 protein could contribute to sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in the immature mice. Reduction of the TET3 enzyme should be responsible for DNA hypermethylation-related silencing of the <i>Shank2</i> gene.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000 <div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100082,"journal":{"name":"Anesthesiology and Perioperative Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44254-023-00005-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78686817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luciano Gattinoni, Serena Brusatori, Rosanna D’Albo, Roberta Maj, Mara Velati, Carmelo Zinnato, Simone Gattarello, Fabio Lombardo, Isabella Fratti, Federica Romitti, Leif Saager, Luigi Camporota, Mattia Busana
{"title":"Prone position: how understanding and clinical application of a technique progress with time","authors":"Luciano Gattinoni, Serena Brusatori, Rosanna D’Albo, Roberta Maj, Mara Velati, Carmelo Zinnato, Simone Gattarello, Fabio Lombardo, Isabella Fratti, Federica Romitti, Leif Saager, Luigi Camporota, Mattia Busana","doi":"10.1007/s44254-022-00002-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44254-022-00002-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Historical background</h3><p>The prone position was first proposed on theoretical background in 1974 (more advantageous distribution of mechanical ventilation). The first clinical report on 5 ARDS patients in 1976 showed remarkable improvement of oxygenation after pronation. </p><h3>Pathophysiology</h3><p>The findings in CT scans enhanced the use of prone position in ARDS patients. The main mechanism of the improved gas exchange seen in the prone position is nowadays attributed to a dorsal ventilatory recruitment, with a substantially unchanged distribution of perfusion. Regardless of the gas exchange, the primary effect of the prone position is a more homogenous distribution of ventilation, stress and strain, with similar size of pulmonary units in dorsal and ventral regions. In contrast, in the supine position the ventral regions are more expanded compared with the dorsal regions, which leads to greater ventral stress and strain, induced by mechanical ventilation<i>.</i></p><h3>Outcome in ARDS</h3><p>The number of clinical studies paralleled the evolution of the pathophysiological understanding. The first two clinical trials in 2001 and 2004 were based on the hypothesis that better oxygenation would lead to a better survival and the studies were more focused on gas exchange than on lung mechanics. The equations better oxygenation = better survival was disproved by these and other larger trials (ARMA trial). However, the first studies provided signals that some survival advantages were possible in a more severe ARDS, where both oxygenation and lung mechanics were impaired. The PROSEVA trial finally showed the benefits of prone position on mortality supporting the thesis that the clinical advantages of prone position, instead of improved gas exchange, were mainly due to a less harmful mechanical ventilation and better distribution of stress and strain. In less severe ARDS, in spite of a better gas exchange, reduced mechanical stress and strain, and improved oxygenation, prone position was ineffective on outcome.</p><h3>Prone position and COVID-19</h3><p>The mechanisms of oxygenation impairment in early COVID-19 are different than in typical ARDS and relate more on perfusion alteration than on alveolar consolidation/collapse, which are minimal in the early phase. Bronchial shunt may also contribute to the early COVID-19 hypoxemia. Therefore, in this phase, the oxygenation improvement in prone position is due to a better matching of local ventilation and perfusion, primarily caused by the perfusion component. Unfortunately, the conditions for improved outcomes, i.e. a better distribution of stress and strain, are almost absent in this phase of COVID-19 disease, as the lung parenchyma is nearly fully inflated. Due to some contradictory results, further studies are needed to better investigate the effect of prone position on outcome in COVID-19 patients.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000 <div><figure><div><div><picture><source","PeriodicalId":100082,"journal":{"name":"Anesthesiology and Perioperative Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44254-022-00002-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90203418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anesthesiology and perioperative science: a journal for meeting the unmet medical and scientific needs","authors":"Jin Liu, Daqing Ma, Zhongcong Xie","doi":"10.1007/s44254-023-00008-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44254-023-00008-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100082,"journal":{"name":"Anesthesiology and Perioperative Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44254-023-00008-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83053846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}