Agricultural Meteorology最新文献_第6页

Anomaly Format of Atmospheric Governing Equations with Climate as a Reference Atmosphere 以气候为参考大气的大气控制方程异常格式

Agricultural Meteorology Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.3390/meteorology1020008

W. Qian, Jun Du

{"title":"Anomaly Format of Atmospheric Governing Equations with Climate as a Reference Atmosphere","authors":"W. Qian, Jun Du","doi":"10.3390/meteorology1020008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/meteorology1020008","url":null,"abstract":"To reduce numerical instability and increase forecast accuracy of a numerical weather prediction (NWP) model, one approach is to subtract a reference atmosphere from atmospheric governing equations. In the past, scientists have proposed one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional static (in time) reference atmospheres with respect to temperature and pressure. These three reference atmospheres were first reviewed, and their corresponding perturbation equations were derived. Then, a new four-dimensional (space and time) all-variable (temperature, pressure, wind, moisture, etc.) reference atmosphere was defined using observed climatic states. Unlike the previous three approaches, the perturbations derived from this new method are actual anomalies relative to climate and directly a part of individual weather systems in both structure and strength. By subtracting climatic states, anomaly equations were derived and analyzed. Finally, the benefits and challenges of the anomaly-equation-based NWP model were discussed. Theoretically, an anomaly model should reduce model systematic errors (bias) and should avoid model climate drift to significantly enhance a model’s performance. An example of tropical cyclone track forecasts using the Beta advection model (vorticity) was demonstrated. The separation of model physics into climatic and anomalous physics is a significant challenge if a pure anomaly-equation-based NWP model is desired. Fortunately, a model including both anomaly and climatic equations should work with current full physics. In an anomaly climate mixed model, the anomaly part needs to be predicted and the climate parts are precalculated constants. It is hoped that this study will inspire model developers to explore the approach, which could be a possible new direction in developing next-generation NWP models. A high-resolution reanalysis is also key to the success of this new approach.","PeriodicalId":100061,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Meteorology","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83896821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Intensity Measurements of a Landfalling Tropical Cyclone Using Conventional Coastal Weather Radar 利用传统海岸气象雷达测量登陆热带气旋的强度

Agricultural Meteorology Pub Date : 2022-03-23 DOI: 10.3390/meteorology1020007

B. Yurchak

{"title":"Intensity Measurements of a Landfalling Tropical Cyclone Using Conventional Coastal Weather Radar","authors":"B. Yurchak","doi":"10.3390/meteorology1020007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/meteorology1020007","url":null,"abstract":"Tropical cyclone (TC) intensity observations considerably improve forecast models. They are particularly used to continuously measure TC intensity for landfalling cyclones to improve their forecast. For example, TC Irving, which operated in the Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea, on 23–24 July 1989, was observed by a conventional weather radar installed at the Phu Lien Observatory in North Vietnam. The maximum wind speed was calculated by the hyperbolic-logarithmic approximation (HLS-approximation) of spiral cloud-rain bands (SCRBs) of recorded TC radar images. The data spanned about 15 h. Ground-based estimates of the cyclone intensity were obtained from pressure measurements at two coastal weather stations. A comparison of these estimates with the HLS wind resulting from the HLS approximation of SCRBs showed satisfactory synchronization. In particular, radar and meteorological data indicated cyclone intensification near landfall and rapid cyclone intensification after landfall. Both intensifications were accompanied by polygonal eye shapes. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using the HLS-approximation technique for retrieving TC intensity variation from conventional weather radar data.","PeriodicalId":100061,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Meteorology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76275173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

An Overview of Low-Level Jets (LLJs) and Their Roles in Heavy Rainfall over the Taiwan Area during the Early Summer Rainy Season 初夏雨季台湾地区低空急流及其在强降雨中的作用

Agricultural Meteorology Pub Date : 2022-03-17 DOI: 10.3390/meteorology1010006

Yi-Leng Chen, Chuan-Chi Tu, Feng Hsiao, Ching-Sen Chen, P. Lin, P. Lin

引用次数: 2

Scaling Up: Molecular to Meteorological via Symmetry Breaking and Statistical Multifractality 放大:通过对称破缺和统计多重分形从分子到气象

Agricultural Meteorology Pub Date : 2022-02-24 DOI: 10.3390/meteorology1010003

A. Tuck

{"title":"Scaling Up: Molecular to Meteorological via Symmetry Breaking and Statistical Multifractality","authors":"A. Tuck","doi":"10.3390/meteorology1010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/meteorology1010003","url":null,"abstract":"The path from molecular to meteorological scales is traced and reviewed, beginning with the persistence of molecular velocity after collision induces symmetry breaking, from continuous translational to scale invariant, associated with the emergence of hydrodynamic behaviour in a Maxwellian (randomised) population undergoing an anisotropic flux. An empirically based formulation of entropy and Gibbs free energy is proposed and tested with observations of temperature, wind speed and ozone. These theoretical behaviours are then succeeded upscale by key results of statistical multifractal analysis of airborne observations on horizontal scales from 40 m to an Earth radius, and on vertical scales from the surface to 13 km. Radiative, photochemical and dynamical processes are then examined, with the intermittency of temperature implying significant consequences. Implications for vertical scaling of the horizontal wind are examined via the thermal wind and barometric equations. Experimental and observational tests are suggested for free running general circulation models, with the possibility of addressing the cold bias they still exhibit. The causal sequence underlying atmospheric turbulence is proposed.","PeriodicalId":100061,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Meteorology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75969685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

The Tropical-like Cyclone “Ianos” in September 2020 2020年9月的热带气旋“亚诺斯”

Agricultural Meteorology Pub Date : 2022-02-24 DOI: 10.3390/meteorology1010004

Fabio Zimbo, Daniele Ingemi, G. Guidi

引用次数: 11

Northern Hemisphere Flow Regime Transitions, Blocking, and the Onset of Spring in the Central USA during Late Winter 2019 and 2021 2019年和2021年冬末美国中部北半球流态转变、阻塞和春季开始

Agricultural Meteorology Pub Date : 2022-02-24 DOI: 10.3390/meteorology1010005

Madeline A. Est, Samuel Mount, C. A. Steward, A. Lupo

{"title":"Northern Hemisphere Flow Regime Transitions, Blocking, and the Onset of Spring in the Central USA during Late Winter 2019 and 2021","authors":"Madeline A. Est, Samuel Mount, C. A. Steward, A. Lupo","doi":"10.3390/meteorology1010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/meteorology1010005","url":null,"abstract":"Studies have shown that maxima in the time series of Northern Hemisphere (NH) integrated enstrophy (IE) can be associated with large-scale flow regime transitions and, often, the onset and decay of blocking events. During February and March 2019, and then February 2021, strong IE maxima were associated with changes in the NH flow regimes that brought very cold conditions to the central United States. The colder conditions in the central USA during late winter 2019 and 2021 were also associated with very strong Pacific or Atlantic Region blocking events. Using the NCEP re-analyses, three different teleconnection indexes, and surface weather data from nine different cities in the central USA, IE maxima, flow regime transitions, and surface weather regimes are identified. The mean temperature and precipitation characteristics for the cities named here during the different large-scale flow regime characteristics are compared. The results have demonstrated that relatively warm conditions occurred through the first part of February 2019 before a period of anomalously colder (as much as 12 °C below normal) and drier weather, with more snow, persisted into early March. This period was bookended by maxima in the NH IE time series, changes in the character of the main NH teleconnection indexes, and a strong simultaneous NH blocking episode. Following the cold period, the temperature regime returned to values that were closer to seasonal normal values, which were then discussed as a possible indicator of a transition from a winter to a spring regime.","PeriodicalId":100061,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Meteorology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90990047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Meteorology: A New Journal for a New Age of Weather Research 气象学:天气研究新时代的新期刊

Agricultural Meteorology Pub Date : 2022-02-23 DOI: 10.3390/meteorology1010002

P. Williams

引用次数: 0

Publisher’s Note: Meteorology—A New Open Access Journal Focusing on Weather Forecasting 出版人注:《气象学》——一种专注于天气预报的新开放获取期刊

Agricultural Meteorology Pub Date : 2021-08-06 DOI: 10.3390/meteorology1010001

Cuixian Lu, I. Craciun, Shu-Kun Lin

引用次数: 1

Statistical penetration of diffuse light into vegetative canopies: effect on photosynthetic rate and utility for canopy measurement 漫射光在营养冠层的统计渗透:对光合速率的影响和冠层测量的效用

Agricultural Meteorology Pub Date : 1984-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0002-1571(84)90005-0

Vincent P. Gutschick

引用次数: 18

Contents volume 30, 1983/84 目录第30卷，1983/84

Agricultural Meteorology Pub Date : 1984-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0002-1571(84)90007-4

引用次数: 0