Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy最新文献_第3页

The startle probe response as an instrument for evaluating exposure effects in spider phobia 惊吓探针反应作为评估蜘蛛恐惧症暴露效应的工具

Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy Pub Date : 1993-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0146-6402(93)90015-T

Peter J de Jong , Arnoud Arntz , Harald Merckelbach

{"title":"The startle probe response as an instrument for evaluating exposure effects in spider phobia","authors":"Peter J de Jong , Arnoud Arntz , Harald Merckelbach","doi":"10.1016/0146-6402(93)90015-T","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0146-6402(93)90015-T","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Before treatment, immediately after treatment and at one week follow up, acoustic probes eliciting eyeblink startles were presented to 37 female spider phobics during a behavioral approach test (BAT). To obtain control startles, the subjects also carried out a BAT with a block of wood (neutral foreground) and a BAT with tasty food items (positive foreground). During the pretreatment assessment eyeblink startle magnitudes did not significantly differ among the three BAT conditions. For all conditions, startle responses were larger during the pre- than during the post-treatment and follow-up assessments. This possibly reflects a general fear-induced startle potentiation during the pretreatment session, due to subjects' anticipating exposure to spiders. At one week follow up, the expected linear trend between affective valence (BAT conditions) and startle magnitude emerged, despite the fact that at this time spider startles were significantly smaller than those before treatment. The self-reported startles closely mimicked the pattern of eyeblink startle responses. The present study indicates that the startle response might be a fruitful outcome variable, indexing aspects of phobia not covered by the more commonly used outcome measures. Yet, its prognostic properties remain to be established.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100041,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"15 4","pages":"Pages 301-316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0146-6402(93)90015-T","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81248516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

The role of evaluative learning and disgust sensitivity in the etiology and treatment of spider phobia 评价性学习和厌恶敏感性在蜘蛛恐惧症病因和治疗中的作用

Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy Pub Date : 1993-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0146-6402(93)90011-P

Harald Merckelbach , Peter J de Jong , Arnoud Arntz , Erik Schouten

{"title":"The role of evaluative learning and disgust sensitivity in the etiology and treatment of spider phobia","authors":"Harald Merckelbach , Peter J de Jong , Arnoud Arntz , Erik Schouten","doi":"10.1016/0146-6402(93)90011-P","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0146-6402(93)90011-P","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The role of disgust and contamination sensitivity in the development and treatment of spider phobia was examined. It was predicted that spider phobia high in disgust and contamination sensitivity have been more susceptible to evaluative conditioning processes and, as a result, less often report traumatic conditioning events and benefit less from exposure treatment than phobics low in disgust sensitivity (<span>Baeyens, Eelen, Crombez, & van den Bergh, 1992</span>). As a group, spider phobics (<em>N</em> = 46) were characterized by higher disgust sensitivity than nonphobic control subjects (<em>N</em> = 28). However, phobics high in disgust sensitivity reported, if anything, more conditioning events than low digust sensitivity phobics. Treatment effects of exposure were evident in both self-report measures and the behavioral modality. These effects were comparable for high and low disgust sensitivity phobics. Remarkably, high and low disgust sensitivity phobics did not differ with regard to the perceived dirtiness of spiders. Even when the perceived dirtiness of spiders was used as a classifying variable, no differences in acquisition history or treatment outcome emerged between high and low groups. Thus, the findings lend no support to the views that traumatic conditioning events are rare and that exposure treatment is less successful in phobics who presumably have an evaluative learning background. The methodological limitations of the present study are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100041,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"15 4","pages":"Pages 243-255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0146-6402(93)90011-P","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90420383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 107

Attentional bias and facilitated escape: A pictorial test 注意偏差与便利逃避:一个图像测试

Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy Pub Date : 1993-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0146-6402(93)90013-R

Edith Lavy , Marcel van den Hout , Arnoud Arntz

引用次数: 16

The behavioral treatment of child and adolescent posttraumatic stress disorder 儿童和青少年创伤后应激障碍的行为治疗

Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy Pub Date : 1992-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0146-6402(92)90004-8

Philip A Saigh

引用次数: 43

The arousal-activation theory of extraversion and neuroticism: A systematic analysis and principal conclusions 外向性与神经质的觉醒激活理论:系统分析与主要结论

Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy Pub Date : 1992-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0146-6402(92)90003-7

Burkhard Brocke, Wolfgang Battmann

{"title":"The arousal-activation theory of extraversion and neuroticism: A systematic analysis and principal conclusions","authors":"Burkhard Brocke, Wolfgang Battmann","doi":"10.1016/0146-6402(92)90003-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0146-6402(92)90003-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Since psychological theories are mostly only vaguely formulated, theoretically revealing emperical studies are often difficult. Tests of central theoretical postulates usually require systematization and possibly reconstruction of the theoretical framework. The present article provides such a systematization and possibly reconstruction of the theoretical framework. The present article provides such a systematization for the influential Activation Theory of Personality, developed by H. J. Eysenck during the last four decades. The article (1) gives an overview of the historical development of the theory, (2) presents a systematization and partial reconstruction of the latest version of the theoretical framework in the form of 23 postulates, (3) analyzes the conceptual structure of the theory, and (4) briefly reviews the relevant empirical evidence in various fields of application. Based on this analysis, the current logico-systematical and empirical status of the theory, as well as its potential for further development is evaluated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100041,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"14 4","pages":"Pages 211-246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0146-6402(92)90003-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90190381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23

Classical conditioning and the acquisition of human fears and phobias: A review and synthesis of the literature 经典条件反射与人类恐惧和恐惧症的习得:文献综述与综合

Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy Pub Date : 1992-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0146-6402(92)90010-L

Graham C.L Davey

引用次数: 209

Classical conditioning and the acquisition of human fears and phobias: A review and synthesis of the literature 经典条件反射与人类恐惧和恐惧症的习得:文献综述与综合

Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy Pub Date : 1992-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0146-6402(92)90010-L

G. Davey

引用次数: 211

A critique of contemporary urge and craving research: Methodological, psychometric, and theoretical issues 当代冲动和渴望研究的批判:方法论、心理测量学和理论问题

Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy Pub Date : 1992-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0146-6402(92)90005-9

Stephen T Tiffany

{"title":"A critique of contemporary urge and craving research: Methodological, psychometric, and theoretical issues","authors":"Stephen T Tiffany","doi":"10.1016/0146-6402(92)90005-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0146-6402(92)90005-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Contemporary theories of drug urges assume that these states are central to the maintenance of drug administration in addicts and are responsible for the high rate of relapse frequently encountered when addicts attempt abstinence. Most urge theories share the assumption that urges and cravings are subjective states that are manifest behaviorally as concordant changes in overt behavior (e.g., drug pursuit and consumption), verbal reports of urges, and particular constellations of somatovisceral responses. Urge research has been impeded by inadequate development of questionnaires for assessing verbal report of urges, limitations of laboratory-based urge-induction procedures, selection and interpretation of relevant psychophysiological measures, and reluctance to critically examine the assumption that urges are necessary for drug use. Examples of research from the author's laboratory illustrating how these issues might be addressed are presented. In addition, a recent cognitive model (<span>Tiffany, 1990</span>) is described that assumes that the processes that control drug use in the addict operate independently of those supporting drug urges. This approach, which draws on the strong parallels between various descriptions of automatic and nonautomatic cognitive processing and some key characteristics of drug-use behavior and drug urges, offers a distinct alternative to current models of drug urges.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100041,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"14 3","pages":"Pages 123-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0146-6402(92)90005-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82296366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 92

Epidemiology and treatment of mental health problems in juvenile delinquents 青少年犯罪心理健康问题的流行病学与治疗

Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy Pub Date : 1992-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0146-6402(92)90002-6

Michelle Wierson, Rex L Forehand, Cynthia L Frame

{"title":"Epidemiology and treatment of mental health problems in juvenile delinquents","authors":"Michelle Wierson, Rex L Forehand, Cynthia L Frame","doi":"10.1016/0146-6402(92)90002-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0146-6402(92)90002-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In an effort to establish the comorbidity rates of various mental health problems and juvenile delinquency and to determine the most efficacious treatments for such dually diagnosed youths, over 75 publications were reviewed. Despite a dearth of methodologically sound findings, some tentative conclusions were possible. First, in addition to conduct disorder, several other diagnosable mental disorders appear to occur frequently in the population of juvenile delinquents. These problems include personality, affective, attention deficit hyperactivity, and substance abuse disorders, and mental retardation. Most reported treatment studies were for conduct problems, although there were a few reports of interventions for sexual disorders, substance abuse prevention, and mental retardation, most of which were somewhat successful on a short-term basis. Reasons for the lack of high quality empirical studies of the mental health problems of juvenile delinquents were proposed, and the importance of increasing our knowledge base and improving service delivery for such comorbid disorders was stressed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100041,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"14 2","pages":"Pages 93-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0146-6402(92)90002-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74491493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 65

Tailor-made versus standardized therapy of phobic patients 恐惧症患者的量身定制和标准化治疗

Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy Pub Date : 1992-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0146-6402(92)90001-5

Dietmar Schulte, Rainer Künzel, Georg Pepping, Thomas Schulte-Bahrenberg

引用次数: 206