{"title":"A cyclic analysis of the gabor-type auxiliary discharge thermionic converter","authors":"A.A. Fouad , E.M. Walsh","doi":"10.1016/0365-1789(65)90014-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0365-1789(65)90014-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A cyclic analysis of a Gabor-type auxiliary discharge thermionic energy converter is presented. An overall charge balance for the system is believed to be the key in understanding the behavior of the ions and hence the converter performance. The analysis takes into account the phenomenon discovered by Gabor of the reflection of slow ions at the electrodes. A so-called critical equaion is developed and discussed. The parameters in this equation can be determined from few measurements and data available in the literature. A sample calculation is presented to give an order of magnitude of the parameters involved and their relative importance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100032,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Energy Conversion","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 71-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0365-1789(65)90014-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86856185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A comparison of several models for porous gas-diffusion electrodes","authors":"R. Darby","doi":"10.1016/0365-1789(65)90012-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0365-1789(65)90012-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Four different models for the analysis of porous gas-diffusion electrodes are described, and the resulting current density-polarization characteristics compared. A generalized system consisting of both gas and liquid phase reactants in the presence of inert components is considered. The models differ in the assumed nature and degree of coupling between the diffusion and reaction mechanisms, as well as the basis for determining the distribution of the gas-liquid interface within the pore structure of the electrode. For a given generalized reaction mechanism, the resulting slopes and intercepts of the linear region of the various polarization curves, as well as limiting currents, are shown to depend upon the assumed degree of coupling between diffusion and reaction mechanisms. In addition, one model shows a dependence of these polarization characteristics upon operating pressure differentials in conjunction with pore characteristics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100032,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Energy Conversion","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 43-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0365-1789(65)90012-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91720958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Die grundgleichungen des wanderfeld-MHD wandlers mit berücksichtigung der eisensättigung","authors":"H. Weh","doi":"10.1016/0365-1789(65)90015-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0365-1789(65)90015-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this report it is shown that it is possible to take the magnetic potential difference within the iron into account by generalized boundary conditions. Thus, the calculation does not require the addition of a further field section for the iron; the number of integration constants is not increased. The iron saturation needs to be taken into account because for the operation of a self-excited MHD generator it is necessary to have a curved voltage-current characteristic. Furthermore, greater channel heights require establishing certain ranges of saturation within the iron, in order to get the desired curved voltage-current line. With small channel heights the problem of saturation might exist in avoiding saturation in certain parts of the magnetic circuit. In both cases the equations mentioned in this report are applicable. Moreover, preparations were made to describe the electrical working conditions of the MHD generator. By limiting operation to small slips and by implying saturation it is possible to define impedances, which, in principle, shows that the working condition of an MHD generator has some analogy to that of the conventional induction generator. A corresponding equivalent circuit could also be developed. The power and the losses are calculated according to the instructions in [1].</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100032,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Energy Conversion","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 83-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0365-1789(65)90015-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74200833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Content and author index","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/0365-1789(65)90042-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0365-1789(65)90042-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100032,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Energy Conversion","volume":"5 ","pages":"Pages iii-iv"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0365-1789(65)90042-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136545561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Operating characteristics of two thermionic converters having rhenium-nickel and tungsten-nickel electrodes","authors":"V.C. Wilson, J. Lawrence","doi":"10.1016/0365-1789(64)90020-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0365-1789(64)90020-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two parallel plane thermionic converters were tested. One had a rhenium emitter and a nickel collector surrounded by a nickel guard ring. The other had a tungsten emitter and nickel collector and guard. Both had interelectrode spacings of 0·005 in. The collectors and guard rings could be kept at the same temperature and potential. Both converters were capable of delivering large currents. The WNi converter at <em>T</em><sub><em>E</em></sub> = 2235° K developed over 40 W/cm<sup>2</sup> at 0·6 V) at the electrodes. At each emitter temperature the ReNi converter had maximum output at a lower optimum cesium pressure than that for the WNi converter. At equal emitter temperatures and current densities the ReNi converter had higher output voltages. It is believed this is a result of the lower cesium pressure which enabled the collector work function to be lower. The ReNi converter at 2150°K had a usable output at 15 A/cm<sup>2</sup> of 16·8 W/cm<sup>2</sup> and a calculated efficiency of 19·8 per cent. An analysis based on the assumption that at each current density the current is limited by a maximum negative potential in the system, suggests that the variation of output voltage with current is primarily a result of a variation in the maximum potential point. This analysis also suggests that there is a double sheath at the emitter, i.e., negative sheath next to the emitter followed by a positive ion-rich sheath.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100032,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Energy Conversion","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 195-196, IN1, 197-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1964-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0365-1789(64)90020-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84316151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of electrode nonuniformities along the magnetic field in MHD generators","authors":"Frank J. Fishman Jr.","doi":"10.1016/0365-1789(64)90021-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0365-1789(64)90021-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The current distribution in an MHD channel with a working fluid characterized by a tensor electrical conductivity is computed for electrodes that are finely segmented in the flow direction but do not extend entirely across the channel. Fundamentally, this electrode geometry increases the normal internal impedance of the channel by an amount that is proportional to the aspect ratio of the channel, the quantity <span><math><mtext>[1+(ωτ)</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mtext>]</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn><mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext></mn></msup></math></span>, and a factor that increases monotonically with the ratio of channel width to electrode width. The circuit characteristics as well as the efficiency characteristics of both normal current generators and Hall current generators based on this channel are worked out. The effects of electrodes segmented coarsely in the magnetic field direction, but finely along the flow, are deduced from the fundamental solution. A comparison with the effects of course segmentation along the flow indicates that these latter nonuniformities may be more than four times as effective in increasing the channel impedance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100032,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Energy Conversion","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 223-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1964-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0365-1789(64)90021-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84575196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An electrochemical and microbiological study of the formic acid-formic dehydrogenlyase system","authors":"R.J. Blasco , E. Gileadi","doi":"10.1016/0365-1789(64)90029-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0365-1789(64)90029-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Initial rates of hydrogen evolution from the formic acid-formic dehydrogenlyase system were determined as a function of enzyme and substrate concentration, using a resting cell preparation of <em>E. coli.</em> The decrease of rate of hydrogen production with time (to about one third of its initial value in 6 hr) was shown to be due to a decrease in specific activity of the enzyme rather than a change in substrate concentration.</p><p>The hydrogen produced by the splitting of the formic acid molecules can be oxidized anodically <em>in situ</em> on bright or platinized Pt electrode, without poisoning of the electrode surface. Direct charge transfer from the enzyme-substrate complex to the electrode could not be detected.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100032,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Energy Conversion","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 179-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1964-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0365-1789(64)90029-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82421487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A preliminary study of the thermoelectric properties of thorium arsenide, Th3As4","authors":"I.H. Warren , C.E. Price","doi":"10.1016/0365-1789(64)90028-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0365-1789(64)90028-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Compacts of thorium arsenide, Th<sub>3</sub>As<sub>4</sub>, and its solid solutions with iron, cobalt, nickel, calcium and barium sulphides, uranium arsenide, and thorium antimonide have been prepared by hot pressing. A thorium arsenide-antimonide solid solution is shown to have thermoelectric properties at 700°C that suggest this system should be studied further as a potential <em>n</em>-type thermoelectric generator material.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100032,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Energy Conversion","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 169-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1964-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0365-1789(64)90028-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90954233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Relationship between nernst-ettingshausen and peltier-seebeck figures of merit in strong magnetic field","authors":"R. Simon","doi":"10.1016/0365-1789(64)90022-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0365-1789(64)90022-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The strong-magnetic-field limiting values of the Peltier-Seebeck and the Nernst-Ettingshausen figures of merit for a multiband, multivalley anisotropic semiconductor or semimetal are shown to be related to each other in a simple way as the Fermi energy level is varied. The dimensionless material parameter, which indicates the intrinsic quality of the material, is shown to be the same function of crystallographic orientation for both effects in the strong magnetic field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100032,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Energy Conversion","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 237-246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1964-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0365-1789(64)90022-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78960292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The theoretical analysis of a molten salt thermocell as a thermoelectric generator","authors":"T. Wartanowicz","doi":"10.1016/0365-1789(64)90026-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0365-1789(64)90026-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The purpose of the paper is to present the theoretical analysis of a molten salt thermocell as a device for the direct conversion of heat energy into electrical energy. It concerns the optimization of efficiency and power in the fixed physical parameters and the optimization of efficiency in the fixed physical parameters and load simultaneously. This analysis shows the fundamental influence of a high electrode temperature <em>T</em><sub><em>h</em></sub> and figure of merit <em>Z</em> of the molten salt on the performance of the thermocell under optimal conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100032,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Energy Conversion","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 149-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1964-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0365-1789(64)90026-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84834033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}