ACS ES&T Air最新文献

{"title":"Dominant Contribution of Pyrogenic Sources to PM2.5-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Nairobi, Kenya","authors":"Leonard Kirago*,&nbsp;Örjan Gustafsson,&nbsp;August Andersson,&nbsp;Sophie L. Haslett,&nbsp;Michael J. Gatari,&nbsp;Wen Zhang and Samuel M. Gaita*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestair.4c0028310.1021/acsestair.4c00283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.4c00283https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.4c00283","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Air pollution is the leading environmental cause of premature death and an impediment to sustainable development in Africa, where exposure levels are high, yet data are scarce. This study provides year-round speciation and source identification for PM_2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the East African city of Nairobi. The ∑₁₉PAH concentrations ranged between 5–20 ng m^–3 with an average of 11 ± 4 ng m^–3 in the urban background and were dominated by heavy molecular weight compounds (four or more fused benzene rings). The PAH loadings in Nairobi stayed rather invariant through the year with limited seasonal variability. The observed PAH concentrations in Nairobi were higher than those reported in cities with more stringent emission controls. Furthermore, the calculated benzo[a]pyrene equivalent in Nairobi’s background atmosphere exceeded 1 ng m^–3, signaling a severe health concern. Source identification using molecular diagnostic ratio analysis suggests the PAH in Nairobi are predominantly of pyrogenic (combustion of fossil fuels and biomass burning) origins. Overall, this study provides a baseline reference data set for future local and regional studies and contributes to scientific underpinnings to motivate the urgent need to develop emission control initiatives in Nairobi, among other rapidly growing African cities.</p><p >Scanty research exists on air pollution status and sources in rapidly growing African cities. This study reports high PAH emissions from combustion sources with implications for human health and pollution mitigation policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":100014,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T Air","volume":"2 4","pages":"557–563 557–563"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsestair.4c00283","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143814473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intercomparison of Three Continuous Monitoring Systems on Operating Oil and Gas Sites","authors":"William S. Daniels*,&nbsp;Spencer G. Kidd,&nbsp;Shuting Lydia Yang,&nbsp;Shannon Stokes,&nbsp;Arvind P. Ravikumar and Dorit M. Hammerling,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestair.4c0029810.1021/acsestair.4c00298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.4c00298https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.4c00298","url":null,"abstract":"<p >We compare continuous monitoring systems (CMS) from three different vendors on six operating oil and gas sites in the Appalachian Basin using several months of data. We highlight similarities and differences between the three CMS solutions when deployed in the field and compare their output to concurrent top-down aerial measurements and to site-level bottom-up inventories. Furthermore, we compare vendor-provided emission rate estimates to estimates from an open-source quantification algorithm applied to the raw CMS concentration data. This experimental setup allows us to separate the effect of the sensor platform (i.e., sensor type and arrangement) from the quantification algorithm. We find that 1) localization and quantification estimates rarely agree between the three CMS solutions on short time scales (i.e., 30 min), but temporally aggregated emission rate distributions are similar between solutions, 2) differences in emission rate distributions are generally driven by the quantification algorithm, rather than the sensor platform, 3) agreement between CMS and aerial rate estimates varies by CMS solution but is close to parity when CMS estimates are averaged across solutions, and 4) similar sites with similar bottom-up inventories do not necessarily have similar emission characteristics. These results have important implications for developing measurement-informed inventories and for incorporating CMS-inferred emission characteristics into emission mitigation efforts.</p><p >We compare three different continuous monitoring systems (CMS) on operating oil and gas sites over several months, with implications for CMS deployment in practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":100014,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T Air","volume":"2 4","pages":"564–577 564–577"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsestair.4c00298","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143814446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On-Road Measurements of Nitrogen Oxides, CO, CO2, and VOC Emissions in Two Southwestern U.S. Cities","authors":"Kristen Zuraski*,&nbsp;Colin Harkins,&nbsp;Jeff Peischl,&nbsp;Matthew M. Coggon,&nbsp;Chelsea E. Stockwell,&nbsp;Michael A. Robinson,&nbsp;Jessica Gilman,&nbsp;Carsten Warneke,&nbsp;Brian C. McDonald and Steven S. Brown*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestair.4c0031610.1021/acsestair.4c00316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.4c00316https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.4c00316","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In urban environments, where nitrogen oxide (NO_<i>x</i> = NO₂ + NO) and volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations are elevated, complex photochemical reactions lead to increased tropospheric ozone production and other forms of air pollution. On-road vehicles persist as a primary contributor to NO_<i>x</i> and VOC emissions in urban areas. This study deployed high time resolution, high sensitivity instruments to sample on-road vehicle emissions in Los Angeles, CA (LA) and Las Vegas, NV (LV) in the summer of 2021. The total oxidant approach was used to estimate average NO₂/NO_<i>x</i> values from vehicle plumes, which were 6.3 ± 0.5 and 5.9 ± 0.4% for LA and LV, respectively. Ratios of aromatic VOCs to three different combustion tracers, NO_<i>x</i>, CO, and CO₂, were analyzed and found to be greater for toluene (C₇) than benzene (C₆), but decreased with carbon number for C₇–C₁₀ aromatics. NO_<i>x</i> emission factors, calculated using the carbon balance method, were 3.41 ± 0.24 and 4.69 ± 0.32 g NO_<i>x</i> per kg of fuel burned for LA and LV, respectively, consistent with values extracted from the Fuel-based Inventory of Vehicle Emissions (FIVE). These results provide insights into on-road emission profiles and support long-term observations of pollutants emitted from motor vehicles.</p><p >This study assesses vehicle emissions in Los Angeles and Las Vegas, analyzing nitrogen oxides, greenhouse gases, and volatile organic compounds. It provides insights into emission profiles, enhancing our understanding of urban air quality challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":100014,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T Air","volume":"2 4","pages":"589–598 589–598"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsestair.4c00316","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143814469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intercomparison of Three Continuous Monitoring Systems on Operating Oil and Gas Sites.","authors":"William S Daniels, Spencer G Kidd, Shuting Lydia Yang, Shannon Stokes, Arvind P Ravikumar, Dorit M Hammerling","doi":"10.1021/acsestair.4c00298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.4c00298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We compare continuous monitoring systems (CMS) from three different vendors on six operating oil and gas sites in the Appalachian Basin using several months of data. We highlight similarities and differences between the three CMS solutions when deployed in the field and compare their output to concurrent top-down aerial measurements and to site-level bottom-up inventories. Furthermore, we compare vendor-provided emission rate estimates to estimates from an open-source quantification algorithm applied to the raw CMS concentration data. This experimental setup allows us to separate the effect of the sensor platform (i.e., sensor type and arrangement) from the quantification algorithm. We find that 1) localization and quantification estimates rarely agree between the three CMS solutions on short time scales (i.e., 30 min), but temporally aggregated emission rate distributions are similar between solutions, 2) differences in emission rate distributions are generally driven by the quantification algorithm, rather than the sensor platform, 3) agreement between CMS and aerial rate estimates varies by CMS solution but is close to parity when CMS estimates are averaged across solutions, and 4) similar sites with similar bottom-up inventories do not necessarily have similar emission characteristics. These results have important implications for developing measurement-informed inventories and for incorporating CMS-inferred emission characteristics into emission mitigation efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":100014,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T Air","volume":"2 4","pages":"564-577"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11997984/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144016234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sector-, Season-, and Country-Specific NO2-Associated Health Benefits from NOx Emission Reductions","authors":"Patrick Wiecko*,&nbsp;Daven K. Henze and M. Omar Nawaz,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestair.5c0001210.1021/acsestair.5c00012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.5c00012https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.5c00012","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Long-term exposure to NO₂ is associated with elevated risks for pediatric asthma and premature death. Despite national policies targeting NO₂’s main source, NO_<i>x</i> emissions, its global health burden remains high. Here, we use the air quality model GEOS-Chem adjoint with TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI)-based satellite downscaling to estimate that long-term NO₂ exposure is responsible for 2.07 (95% CI 0.91–2.70) million pediatric asthma cases and 1.98 (95% CI 0.52–2.86) million deaths globally in 2019. We attribute these to anthropogenic NO_<i>x</i> emissions by sector, country, and season using the adjoint model and provide a recommendation for the most impactful sector and season for NO_<i>x</i> emission controls in each G20 country. Discrepancies exist between the health benefits incurred by emission reductions and the emission sector distributions, particularly in countries with emitters adjoining population centers. For example, we find that, if Russian anthropogenic NO_<i>x</i> emissions were reduced uniformly by 10% across all sectors, the energy sector, 31% of annual NO_<i>x</i> emissions, would account for 47% of pediatric asthma and 49% of premature death health benefits. The season in which these emission reductions occur also affects the magnitude of the health benefit, as seen by the fact that Russian wintertime NO_<i>x</i> emission reductions alone are responsible for approximately one-third of the annual health benefits for each health outcome. We present the unique results for each of the G20 members to showcase how a country’s NO_<i>x</i> emission reductions can be most impactful in reducing the global NO₂-associated health burden.</p><p >This study provides G20 countries with recommendations for which economic sector and season to implement NO_<i>x</i> emission controls to obtain the most impactful reduction in the global annual NO₂-associated health burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":100014,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T Air","volume":"2 4","pages":"700–709 700–709"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsestair.5c00012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143814435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Benefits of Indoor Air Quality Forecasting for Controlling Particle Filter Systems","authors":"Alexander Y. Mendell,&nbsp;Jeffrey A. Siegel and Seungjae Lee*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestair.4c0033010.1021/acsestair.4c00330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.4c00330https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.4c00330","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Predicting future concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and other indoor air pollutants using machine learning is an increasingly frequent topic of research. Although prediction has several proposed applications, the potential benefit has remained largely unevaluated. This study examines whether prediction can improve how particle filter systems such as portable air cleaners are automated by comparing a model predictive control (MPC) strategy with a traditional threshold-based control (TBC) strategy. The MPC controller is designed to optimize the balance between mean reduction in PM_2.5 concentration (i.e., keep concentrations as low as possible following health-based guidance) and reductions in system runtime. These two parameters are compared for both control strategies using 104 simulations of week-long continuous PM_2.5 measurements in occupied apartments. Our findings suggest that there is no meaningful difference in performance between the two control strategies. Additionally, we find only a marginal improvement in performance for MPC controllers that operate using longer prediction horizons. Given the numerous challenges associated with accurately predicting future PM_2.5 concentrations, as well as the additional challenges associated with implementing MPC, controlling particle filter systems may not be an appropriate application for prediction given the lack of benefit over TBC. We would recommend that particle filter systems continue to be controlled using nonpredictive strategies such as TBC, and that prediction tools be used for other applications or adapted to different areas of indoor air quality research and practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":100014,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T Air","volume":"2 4","pages":"599–606 599–606"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143814728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneous Uptake onto Deliquesced Particles as an Atmospheric Fate of Isoprene-Derived Hydroxy-RO2","authors":"Yosuke Sakamoto*,&nbsp;Rikudai Mikami,&nbsp;Jiaru Li,&nbsp;Nanase Kohno,&nbsp;Yu Morino,&nbsp;Kei Sato and Yoshizumi Kajii,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestair.4c0016510.1021/acsestair.4c00165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.4c00165https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.4c00165","url":null,"abstract":"<p >We integrated a chemical conversion technique to transform RO₂ into OH radicals with a method combining laser photolysis radical generation and time-resolved OH radical detection by laser-induced fluorescence (LP-LIF). This approach allowed us to investigate the uptake coefficient of an isoprene-derived hydroxy–RO₂, ISOPOO (HOC₅H₈OO·), onto deliquesced NaCl particles and the effect of transition metal ions (Fe²⁺ and Cu²⁺) on this uptake. We measured the uptake coefficients, <i>γ,</i> of ISOPOO on deliquesced NaCl particles doped with FeCl₂ and CuCl₂, each added at 5 wt % of NaCl, at 301 K and 84% relative humidity (RH). The results were 0.45 ± 0.01 for FeCl₂ and 0.19 ± 0.01 for CuCl₂. These values were 5 and 2 times greater than the uptake coefficient for deliquesced undoped NaCl particles, which was 0.09 ± 0.01. Preliminary simulation results for the western Japan domain, using a value of γ = 0.09 from a three-dimensional chemical transport model, indicate that the heterogeneous uptake of ISOPOO onto deliquesced particles contributed, on average, less than 3% of the ISOPOO loss process. This contribution increased to as much as 5% in remote forest and mountain areas during high PM_2.5 events.</p>","PeriodicalId":100014,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T Air","volume":"2 5","pages":"713–722 713–722"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143921448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tillandsia usneoides for Atmosphere Composition Biomonitoring: A Cross-Validation Study","authors":"Aude Calas*,&nbsp;Eva Schreck,&nbsp;Véronique Pont,&nbsp;Jérôme Viers,&nbsp;Philippe Behra,&nbsp;Maria Dias-Alves,&nbsp;Éric Gardrat,&nbsp;Alain Pages and Astrid Avellan,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestair.4c0025210.1021/acsestair.4c00252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.4c00252https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.4c00252","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Tracking for particulate matter (PM) contamination is a tedious task that requires sophisticated samplers powered by electricity. Biomonitoring strategies have been developed to assess PM contamination. Among them, epiphyte plants are widely utilized due to their reliance on atmospheric inputs for nutrition. However, robust assessment of the effectiveness of such strategies remains limited. This study aimed to assess whether <i>Tillandsia usneoides</i> can accurately characterize PM contamination across four sites in a former French mining district over one year. Comparisons were made between <i>(i)</i> PM₁₀ samplers capturing PM with an aerodynamic diameter &lt; 10 μm and <i>(ii) T. usneoides</i>, which is assumed to accumulate all deposited particles (both wet and dry). The finding reveals that atmospheric composition measured by PM₁₀ samplers and <i>T. usneoides</i> is consistent for 14 of the 27 elements analyzed. However, elements related to (micro)nutrients or those chemically similar to nutrients (Na, Rb, Sr), showed no significant or positive correlation. While epiphyte plants offer a cost-effective and efficient tool for (bio)monitoring PM composition, results involving elements playing a role in plant metabolism should be interpreted with caution. Further research should better highlight the mechanisms governing the complex interplays between PM properties, epiphyte microstructure, metabolic responses, and abiotic factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":100014,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T Air","volume":"2 4","pages":"522–529 522–529"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143814667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photolytic Mass Loss of Secondary Organic Aerosol Derived from Photooxidation of Biomass Burning Furan Precursors.","authors":"Nara Shin, Bin Bai, Taekyu Joo, Yuchen Wang, Nga L Ng, Pengfei Liu","doi":"10.1021/acsestair.4c00230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.4c00230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Direct photolysis as a potentially important chemical loss pathway for atmospheric organic aerosol (OA) is increasingly recognized but remains highly uncertain, particularly for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) derived from biomass burning (BB) precursors. We present the measurements of the photolytic mass change of SOA derived from photooxidation of three furan precursors, 3-methylfuran, 2-methylfuran, and furfural, in an environmental chamber under both dry and humid conditions. Each type of SOA was collected on crystal sensors, and the mass losses by photolysis under 300 or 340 nm light were continuously monitored using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). By incorporation of measurements and modeling, 10-40% of furan SOA masses can be lost by direct photolysis under solar radiation over their typical atmospheric lifetime. The mass loss fraction is well correlated with the mass fraction of nitrogen-containing compounds (NOC) in the SOA, possibly because these species can largely enhance the light absorption cross section and readily undergo photodissociation under UV light.</p>","PeriodicalId":100014,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T Air","volume":"2 4","pages":"476-485"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11997955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144063665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photolytic Mass Loss of Secondary Organic Aerosol Derived from Photooxidation of Biomass Burning Furan Precursors","authors":"Nara Shin,&nbsp;Bin Bai,&nbsp;Taekyu Joo,&nbsp;Yuchen Wang,&nbsp;Nga L. Ng* and Pengfei Liu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestair.4c0023010.1021/acsestair.4c00230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.4c00230https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.4c00230","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Direct photolysis as a potentially important chemical loss pathway for atmospheric organic aerosol (OA) is increasingly recognized but remains highly uncertain, particularly for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) derived from biomass burning (BB) precursors. We present the measurements of the photolytic mass change of SOA derived from photooxidation of three furan precursors, 3-methylfuran, 2-methylfuran, and furfural, in an environmental chamber under both dry and humid conditions. Each type of SOA was collected on crystal sensors, and the mass losses by photolysis under 300 or 340 nm light were continuously monitored using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). By incorporation of measurements and modeling, 10–40% of furan SOA masses can be lost by direct photolysis under solar radiation over their typical atmospheric lifetime. The mass loss fraction is well correlated with the mass fraction of nitrogen-containing compounds (NOC) in the SOA, possibly because these species can largely enhance the light absorption cross section and readily undergo photodissociation under UV light.</p><p >Biomass burning is a large source of volatile organic compounds, such as furan species, which further produce secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in the atmosphere. The measurements and modeling suggest that 10−40% of the furan SOA masses can be photolyzed under solar radiation over its typical atmospheric lifetime.</p>","PeriodicalId":100014,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T Air","volume":"2 4","pages":"476–485 476–485"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsestair.4c00230","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143814480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}