AAPPS Bulletin最新文献

{"title":"Advances of LINAC-based boron neutron capture therapy in Korea","authors":"Young-soon Bae,&nbsp;Dong-Su Kim,&nbsp;Hyo Jung Seo,&nbsp;Je-Un Han,&nbsp;Hyung Jin Yoon,&nbsp;Jung Jin Hwang,&nbsp;Ju Jin Kim,&nbsp;Byung Hyo Woo,&nbsp;Hyo Jin Kim,&nbsp;Yoo Soon Jang,&nbsp;Seok Chang Han,&nbsp;Woong Hee Kim,&nbsp;Do Goo Kang,&nbsp;Hyun Jin Seo,&nbsp;Soo Young Lee,&nbsp;Sang June Jeon,&nbsp;Jungyu Yi,&nbsp;Jeongwoo Lee,&nbsp;Il Hyeok Seo,&nbsp;Se Hyun Kim,&nbsp;Woo Hyoung Kim,&nbsp;Na Hyung Park,&nbsp;Myeng Hyun Lee,&nbsp;Sung June Bae,&nbsp;Seung Hoon Lee,&nbsp;Gyu Ho Cho,&nbsp;Seong Han Kim,&nbsp;Seong Hwan Moon,&nbsp;Min Kyu Lee,&nbsp;Jae Won Choi,&nbsp;Kyu Young Lee,&nbsp;Dong Seok Huh,&nbsp;Dong Woo Kim,&nbsp;Kyung June Min,&nbsp;Hyoung Min Yoon,&nbsp;Hyunhye Kyung,&nbsp;Jieun Yang,&nbsp;Dasom Na,&nbsp;Sangbong Lee,&nbsp;Jaehwan Han,&nbsp;Yongho Kwak,&nbsp;Sei-Young Lee,&nbsp;Joo Young Nam,&nbsp;Byung-Ho Choi,&nbsp;Young-Kwan Moon,&nbsp;Won Do,&nbsp;Mooyoung Yoo,&nbsp;Sun-Sun Park","doi":"10.1007/s43673-022-00063-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43673-022-00063-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) has been attracting interest as a new radiation modality for cancer therapy because it can selectively destroy cancer cells while maintaining the healthy state of surrounding normal cells. Many experimental trials have demonstrated significant BNCT treatment efficacy using neutron beams from research reactors. However, nuclear reactor technology cannot be scaled to sites in hospitals delivering patient treatment. Therefore, compact accelerator-based neutron sources that could be installed in many hospitals are under development or have even been commissioned at many facilities around the world. In Korea, a radio-frequency (RF) linac-based BNCT (A-BNCT) facility is under development by DawonMedax (DM). It provides the highly efficient production of an epithermal neutron beam with an optimized neutron energy spectrum range of 0.1~10 keV. With a 2-mA 10-MeV proton beam from the accelerator, the irradiation port epithermal neutron flux is higher than 1 × 10⁹ n/cm²⋅s. Comprehensive verification and validation of the system have been conducted with the measurement of both proton and neutron beam characteristics. Significant therapeutic effects from BNCT have been confirmed by DM in both in vitro and in vivo non-clinical trials. Further, during exposure to epithermal neutrons, all other unintended radiation is controlled to levels meeting International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) recommendations. Recently, the Korean FDA has accepted an investigational new drug (IND) and the first-in-human clinical trial of BNCT is now being prepared. This paper introduces the principles of BNCT and accelerator-based neutron sources for BNCT and reports the recent advances of DM A-BNCT facility which is the main part of this paper.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100007,"journal":{"name":"AAPPS Bulletin","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43673-022-00063-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81537287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manipulation and enhancement of asymmetric steering via down-converted nondegenerate photons","authors":"Tie Wang,&nbsp;Xue Han,&nbsp;Shutian Liu,&nbsp;Hong-Fu Wang","doi":"10.1007/s43673-022-00062-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43673-022-00062-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigate the asymmetric Gaussian steering with the nondegenerate parametric amplifier in a three-mode optomechanical system composed of two optical cavities and a mechanical oscillator. In the presence of the nondegenerate parametric amplifier, we find that the Gaussian steering between the auxiliary cavity and the mechanical resonator without direct interaction is significantly enhanced. By cooling the delocalized Bogoliubov modes over the auxiliary cavity and the mechanical oscillator, the optimal optomechanical entanglement and Gaussian steering can be realized and enhanced. Furthermore, we observe a wider range of parameters for the Gaussian steering with the case of cooling double delocalized modes. In addition, the magnitudes of the asymmetric Gaussian steering in two different directions can be adjusted by altering the decay rate of the auxiliary optical mode. Therefore, our proposal provides an effective method to manipulate and enhance the one-way Gaussian steering between the two modes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100007,"journal":{"name":"AAPPS Bulletin","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43673-022-00062-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83192067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NISQ computing: where are we and where do we go?","authors":"Jonathan Wei Zhong Lau,&nbsp;Kian Hwee Lim,&nbsp;Harshank Shrotriya,&nbsp;Leong Chuan Kwek","doi":"10.1007/s43673-022-00058-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43673-022-00058-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this short review article, we aim to provide physicists not working within the quantum computing community a hopefully easy-to-read introduction to the state of the art in the field, with minimal mathematics involved. In particular, we focus on what is termed the <i>Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum</i> era of quantum computing. We describe how this is increasingly seen to be a distinct phase in the development of quantum computers, heralding an era where we have quantum computers that are capable of doing certain quantum computations in a limited fashion, and subject to certain constraints and noise. We further discuss the prominent algorithms that are believed to hold the most potential for this era, and also describe the competing physical platforms on which to build a quantum computer that have seen the most success so far. We then talk about the applications that are most feasible in the near-term, and finish off with a short discussion on the state of the field. We hope that as non-experts read this article, it will give context to the recent developments in quantum computers that have garnered much popular press, and help the community understand how to place such developments in the timeline of quantum computing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100007,"journal":{"name":"AAPPS Bulletin","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43673-022-00058-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89286842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"News and views (9&10)","authors":"AAPPS Bulletin","doi":"10.1007/s43673-022-00061-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43673-022-00061-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100007,"journal":{"name":"AAPPS Bulletin","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43673-022-00061-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89051828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valence skipping phenomena, charge Kondo effect, and superconductivity","authors":"Hiroyasu Matsuura,&nbsp;Hidekazu Mukuda,&nbsp;Kazumasa Miyake","doi":"10.1007/s43673-022-00056-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43673-022-00056-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We review a recent progress of a superconductivity and a charge Kondo effect mediated by valence skippers which are elements skipping the valence state. To understand the valence skipping phenomenon, we introduce a negative-U effect phenomenologically, and we show an origin of the negative-U effect, a superconductivity and charge Kondo effect based on the negative-U effect. We also show a new mechanism in which the valence skipping phenomenon and charge Kondo effect are understood unifiedly by the pair hopping interaction. As an experimental progress, we review a charge Kondo effect and a superconductivity discovered in Tl-doped PbTe. Especially, we focus on a drastic increase of the inverse of the relaxation time (1/<i>T</i>₁) observed around the Kondo temperature by the nuclear magnetic resonance experiment, and we suggest a possible theoretical scenario on the basis of the effective model with the pair hopping interaction. Finally, we discuss the related materials, and describe the perspective of valence skipping phenomenon.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100007,"journal":{"name":"AAPPS Bulletin","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43673-022-00056-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89361015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computing growth rates of random matrix products via generating functions","authors":"Naranmandula Bao,&nbsp;Junbiao Lu,&nbsp;Ruobing Cai,&nbsp;Yueheng Lan","doi":"10.1007/s43673-022-00057-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43673-022-00057-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Random matrix products arise in many science and engineering problems. An efficient evaluation of its growth rate is of great interest to researchers in diverse fields. In the current paper, we reformulate this problem with a generating function approach, based on which two analytic methods are proposed to compute the growth rate. The new formalism is demonstrated in a series of examples including an Ising model subject to on-site random magnetic fields, which seems very efficient and easy to implement. Through an extensive comparison with numerical computation, we see that the analytic results are valid in a region of considerable size.The formulation could be conveniently applied to stochastic processes with more complex structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100007,"journal":{"name":"AAPPS Bulletin","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43673-022-00057-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91270813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuning photoluminescence behaviors in strained monolayer belt-like MoS2 crystals confined on TiO2(001) surface","authors":"Yuanye Wang,&nbsp;Jun Zhou,&nbsp;Yalin Liu,&nbsp;Weifeng Zhang,&nbsp;Zihan Zhao,&nbsp;Xiaotian Li,&nbsp;Qiaoni Chen,&nbsp;Nan Liu,&nbsp;Xi Shen,&nbsp;Richeng Yu,&nbsp;Jiacai Nie,&nbsp;Ruifen Dou","doi":"10.1007/s43673-022-00059-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43673-022-00059-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We report on a monolayer (ML) MoS₂ belt-like single crystal directly fabricated on the Rutile-TiO₂(001) surface via chemical vapor deposition (CVD). We find that the photoluminescence (PL) behaviors in the ML MoS₂ single crystal strongly depend on their shapes and the interface of MoS₂/TiO₂. Compared with the as-grown triangular ML MoS₂, the PL peak position is in a blue shift and the PL intensity is increased for the as-grown ML MoS₂ belt. Moreover, the PL peak position is in the blue shift by about 38 meV and the intensity is enhanced by nearly 15 times for the as-grown ML MoS₂ belt crystal on TiO₂ than those samples transferred onto SiO₂/Si substrate. This special PL behavior can be attributed to the in-plane compressive strain that is introduced during the CVD growth of ML MoS₂ belts confined by the substrate. The energy band of the strained ML MoS₂ belt is changed with an up-shift in the conduction band minimum (VBM) and a down-shift in the valence band maximum (CBM), and the band gap is thus enlarged. This results in the energy band structural realignment in the interface of MoS₂/TiO₂, thereby weakening the charge transferring from the TiO₂ substrate to MoS₂ and suppressing the concentration of charged excitons to finally enhance the PL intensity of the ML MoS₂ belt. The substrate-confined ML MoS₂ belts provide a new route for tailoring light-matter interactions to upgrade their weak quantum yields and low light absorption, which can be utilized in optoelectronic and nanophotonic devices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100007,"journal":{"name":"AAPPS Bulletin","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43673-022-00059-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87482367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Time reversal and reciprocity","authors":"Olivier Sigwarth,&nbsp;Christian Miniatura","doi":"10.1007/s43673-022-00060-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43673-022-00060-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100007,"journal":{"name":"AAPPS Bulletin","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43673-022-00060-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74251341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Second sound with ultracold atoms: a brief review","authors":"Hui Hu,&nbsp;Xing-Can Yao,&nbsp;Xia-Ji Liu","doi":"10.1007/s43673-022-00055-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43673-022-00055-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We briefly review the research on second sound in ultracold atomic physics, with emphasis on strongly interacting unitary Fermi gases with infinitely large <i>s</i>-wave scattering length. Second sound is a smoking-gun feature of superfluidity in any quantum superfluids. The observation and characterization of second sound in ultracold quantum gases have been a long-standing challenge, and in recent years, there are rapid developments due to the experimental realization of a uniform box-trap potential. The purpose of this review is to present a brief historical account of the key research activities on second sound over the past two decades. We summarize the initial theoretical works that reveal the characteristics of second sound in a unitary Fermi gas, and introduce its first observation in a highly elongated harmonic trap. We then discuss the most recent measurement on second sound attenuation in a uniform setup, which may open a new era to understand quantum transport near quantum criticality in the strongly interacting regime. The observation of second sound in homogeneous weakly interacting Bose condensates in both two and three dimensions are also briefly introduced.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100007,"journal":{"name":"AAPPS Bulletin","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43673-022-00055-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81917564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topological magnets—their basic science and potential applications","authors":"Satoru Nakatsuji","doi":"10.1007/s43673-022-00046-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43673-022-00046-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The performance limitations of conventional electronic materials pose a major problem in the era of digital transformation (DX). Consequently, extensive research is being conducted on the development of quantum materials that may overcome such limitations, by utilizing quantum effects to achieve remarkable performances. In particular, considerable progress has been made on the fundamental theories of topological magnets and has had a widespread impact on related fields of applied research. An important advance in the field of quantum manipulation is the development of the technology to control the quantum phase of conduction electron wavefunctions through the spin structure. This new technology has led to the realization of phenomena that had been considered infeasible for more than a century, such as the anomalous Hall effect in antiferromagnets and the giant magneto-thermoelectric effect in ferromagnets. This review article presents the remarkable properties of Weyl antiferromagnets and topological ferromagnets, which have been discovered recently. Additionally, this paper examines the current status of how advances in the basic principles of topological magnetism are facilitating the development of next-generation technologies that support the DX era, such as energy harvesting, heat flow sensors, and ultrafast nonvolatile memory.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100007,"journal":{"name":"AAPPS Bulletin","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43673-022-00046-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73049348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}