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The production of actinides in neutron star mergers 中子星合并中锕系元素的产生
AAPPS Bulletin Pub Date : 2022-07-15 DOI: 10.1007/s43673-022-00048-1
Meng-Ru Wu, Projjwal Banerjee
{"title":"The production of actinides in neutron star mergers","authors":"Meng-Ru Wu,&nbsp;Projjwal Banerjee","doi":"10.1007/s43673-022-00048-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43673-022-00048-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although the multimessenger detection of the neutron star merger event GW170817 confirmed that mergers are promising sites producing the majority of nature’s heavy elements via the rapid neutron-capture process (<i>r</i>-process), a number of issues related to the production of translead nuclei—the actinides—remain to be answered. In this short review paper, we summarize the general requirements for actinide production in <i>r</i>-process and the impact of nuclear physics inputs. We also discuss recent efforts addressing the actinide production in neutron star mergers from different perspectives, including signatures that may be probed by future kilonova and <i>γ</i>-ray observations, the abundance scattering in metal-poor stars, and constraints put by the presence of short-lived radioactive actinides in the Solar system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100007,"journal":{"name":"AAPPS Bulletin","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43673-022-00048-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85131608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Helium ion microscopy for low-damage characterization and sub-10 nm nanofabrication 用于低损伤表征和 10 纳米以下纳米制造的氦离子显微镜
AAPPS Bulletin Pub Date : 2022-07-08 DOI: 10.1007/s43673-022-00050-7
Shinichi Ogawa
{"title":"Helium ion microscopy for low-damage characterization and sub-10 nm nanofabrication","authors":"Shinichi Ogawa","doi":"10.1007/s43673-022-00050-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43673-022-00050-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review introduces the technique of helium ion microscopy along with some unique applications of this technology in the fields of electronics and biology, as performed at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan, over the last several years. Observations of large-scale integrated circuits, analyses of low-dielectric-constant films with minimal damage, and assessments of copper metal in insulating films are discussed. The special characteristics of this technique are explained, including low-energy input to the material and minimal secondary electron energy resulting from helium ion irradiation. Applications to electronic materials, such as tuning the electrical conductivity of graphene films by helium ion beam irradiation and the formation of nanopore arrays on graphene films with nanometer-scale control, are presented. The use of helium ion microscopy to examine cellular tissues based on the low damage imparted by the ion beam is also evaluated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100007,"journal":{"name":"AAPPS Bulletin","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43673-022-00050-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91486615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A geometrical framework for quantum incompatibility resources 量子不相容资源的几何框架
AAPPS Bulletin Pub Date : 2022-06-10 DOI: 10.1007/s43673-022-00047-2
Xiaolin Zhang, Rui Qu, Zehong Chang, Quan Quan, Hong Gao, Fuli Li, Pei Zhang
{"title":"A geometrical framework for quantum incompatibility resources","authors":"Xiaolin Zhang,&nbsp;Rui Qu,&nbsp;Zehong Chang,&nbsp;Quan Quan,&nbsp;Hong Gao,&nbsp;Fuli Li,&nbsp;Pei Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s43673-022-00047-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43673-022-00047-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Quantum incompatibility is a fundamental property in quantum physics and is considered as a resource in quantum information processing tasks. Here, we construct a framework based on the incompatibility witness originated from quantum state discrimination. In this framework, we discuss the geometrical properties of the witnesses with noisy mutually unbiased bases and construct a quantifier of quantum incompatibility associated with geometrical information. Furthermore, we explore the incompatibility of a pair of positive operator valued measurements, which only depends on the information of measurements, and discuss the incompatibility of measurements which can be discriminated by mutually unbiased bases. Finally, if we take a resource-theory perspective, the new-defined quantifier can characterize the resource of incompatibility. This geometrical framework gives the evidence that vectors can be utilized to describe resourceful incompatibility and make a step to explore geometrical features of quantum resources.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100007,"journal":{"name":"AAPPS Bulletin","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43673-022-00047-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76444610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
News and Views (5&6) 新闻与观点 (5&6)
AAPPS Bulletin Pub Date : 2022-06-02 DOI: 10.1007/s43673-022-00044-5
AAPPS Bulletin
{"title":"News and Views (5&6)","authors":"AAPPS Bulletin","doi":"10.1007/s43673-022-00044-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43673-022-00044-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100007,"journal":{"name":"AAPPS Bulletin","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43673-022-00044-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83383535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Review of technical achievements in PAL-XFEL PAL-XFEL 技术成果回顾
AAPPS Bulletin Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1007/s43673-022-00045-4
Changbum Kim, Sung-Ju Park, Chang-Ki Min, Jinyul Hu, Sang-Hee Kim, Youngdo Joo, Hoon Heo, Dong-Eon Kim, Sojeong Lee, Heung-Sik Kang, In Soo Ko, Moonsik Chae, Jaehyun Lee
{"title":"Review of technical achievements in PAL-XFEL","authors":"Changbum Kim,&nbsp;Sung-Ju Park,&nbsp;Chang-Ki Min,&nbsp;Jinyul Hu,&nbsp;Sang-Hee Kim,&nbsp;Youngdo Joo,&nbsp;Hoon Heo,&nbsp;Dong-Eon Kim,&nbsp;Sojeong Lee,&nbsp;Heung-Sik Kang,&nbsp;In Soo Ko,&nbsp;Moonsik Chae,&nbsp;Jaehyun Lee","doi":"10.1007/s43673-022-00045-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43673-022-00045-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The X-ray Free Electron Laser of Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL-XFEL) was opened for the user in 2017. PAL-XFEL was the third XFEL facility in the world and well known for the small timing jitter of FEL radiation. This success was possible because of the significant achievements in the accelerator technology in PAL-XFEL. They are not limited to a small part of the accelerator but cover from the injector for the electron beam generation to the undulator line for FEL radiation. In this review, we describe the details of newly developed devices that contributed to the successful construction of PAL-XFEL.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100007,"journal":{"name":"AAPPS Bulletin","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43673-022-00045-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81996238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Microscopic theory for nuclear fission dynamics 核裂变动力学的微观理论
AAPPS Bulletin Pub Date : 2022-05-16 DOI: 10.1007/s43673-022-00042-7
Jhilam Sadhukhan
{"title":"Microscopic theory for nuclear fission dynamics","authors":"Jhilam Sadhukhan","doi":"10.1007/s43673-022-00042-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43673-022-00042-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nuclear theory research is undergoing a renaissance owing to the recent advancements in the high-performance computing. As nucleus is a quantum many-body system with complicated interparticle interactions, initial theoretical developments were predominantly based on different phenomenological models derived with the help of numerous simplifying assumptions. Although appropriate nuclear many-body theories were formulated, these were hardly adopted in practical applications because of computational limitations. However, since the last decade, this scenario has changed as a result of rapid improvements in the computational power and the associated numerical techniques. Realistic microscopic theories with superior predictive power are now routinely used even for systems which are far beyond the laboratory reach. This review discusses recent achievements in the microscopic theories of large amplitude nuclear dynamics. Particularly, after a succinct historical introduction, emphasis is given to the discussions on the microscopic modelling of nuclear fission dynamics. Also, related future directions are mentioned in brief.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100007,"journal":{"name":"AAPPS Bulletin","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43673-022-00042-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74941032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Realizing multi-qubit controlled nonadiabatic holonomic gates with connecting systems 用连接系统实现多量子比特受控非绝热整体门
AAPPS Bulletin Pub Date : 2022-05-09 DOI: 10.1007/s43673-022-00043-6
G. F. Xu, D. M. Tong
{"title":"Realizing multi-qubit controlled nonadiabatic holonomic gates with connecting systems","authors":"G. F. Xu,&nbsp;D. M. Tong","doi":"10.1007/s43673-022-00043-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43673-022-00043-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Multi-qubit controlled gates are frequently used in quantum information processing. Although they can be built with gates from the universal set of one- and two-qubit gates, this procedure typically becomes very demanding as the number of such gates rapidly grows with the size of the computational problem. Thus, finding a way to realize them with fewer steps and therefore with reduced decoherence errors is important. Particularly, quantum information is entering noisy intermediate-scale quantum era and in this era, quantum computers do not have enough resources for full fault tolerance and therefor can only support the computation with a short duration. This makes the reduction of the steps even more important. Here, we propose the realization of multi-qubit controlled nonadiabatic holonomic gates with connecting systems. Our proposal can efficiently reduce the operation steps of the realization, thereby reducing the affection from decoherence and increasing the precision of the computation. So, it is useful to realize efficient and robust quantum information processors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100007,"journal":{"name":"AAPPS Bulletin","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43673-022-00043-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87202564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Condensed matter physics in big discrete time crystals 大离散时间晶体中的凝聚态物理
AAPPS Bulletin Pub Date : 2022-05-02 DOI: 10.1007/s43673-022-00041-8
Peter Hannaford, Krzysztof Sacha
{"title":"Condensed matter physics in big discrete time crystals","authors":"Peter Hannaford,&nbsp;Krzysztof Sacha","doi":"10.1007/s43673-022-00041-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43673-022-00041-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We review the application of discrete time crystals created in a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of ultracold atoms bouncing resonantly on an oscillating atom mirror to the investigation of condensed matter phenomena in the time dimension. Such a bouncing BEC system can exhibit dramatic breaking of time-translation symmetry, allowing the creation of discrete time crystals having up to about 100 temporal lattice sites and suitable for hosting a broad range of temporal condensed matter phenomena. We first consider single-particle condensed matter phenomena in the time dimension which include Anderson localization due to temporal disorder, topological time crystals, and quasi-crystal structures in time. We then discuss many-body temporal condensed matter phenomena including Mott insulator phases in time, many-body localization in time, many-body topological time crystals and time crystals having long-range exotic interactions. We also discuss the construction of two (or three) dimensional time lattices, involving the bouncing of a BEC between two (or three) orthogonal oscillating mirrors and between two oscillating mirrors oriented at 45<sup>∘</sup>. The latter configuration supports a versatile Möbius strip geometry which can host a variety of two-dimensional time lattices including a honeycomb time lattice and a Lieb square time lattice. Finally, we discuss the construction of a six-dimensional time-space lattice based on periodically driven BECs trapped in a three-dimensional optical lattice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100007,"journal":{"name":"AAPPS Bulletin","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43673-022-00041-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74379764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
News and Views (3 & 4) 新闻和观点（3 和 4）
AAPPS Bulletin Pub Date : 2022-04-13 DOI: 10.1007/s43673-022-00034-7
AAPPS Bulletin
{"title":"News and Views (3 & 4)","authors":"AAPPS Bulletin","doi":"10.1007/s43673-022-00034-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43673-022-00034-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100007,"journal":{"name":"AAPPS Bulletin","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43673-022-00034-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142411539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A review of DEMO reactor concepts: open questions and issues DEMO 反应堆概念审查：未决问题和议题
AAPPS Bulletin Pub Date : 2022-04-07 DOI: 10.1007/s43673-022-00040-9
Suk-Ho Hong
{"title":"A review of DEMO reactor concepts: open questions and issues","authors":"Suk-Ho Hong","doi":"10.1007/s43673-022-00040-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43673-022-00040-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To solve climate change and to achieve the “2050 carbon neutrality,” fusion energy has to contribute to the power grid as soon as possible. Nonetheless, DEMO reactor concepts proposed so far were focused on producing 1 GW electricity with the best plasma performances and a very effective power conversion rate deduced by simple 0D/1D system codes. There are open questions and issues about how fusion energy would contribute to the electricity market timely. This paper asks questions and issues on the construction and operation of a DEMO reactor such as (1) identity, (2) net electricity output, (3) construction cost, and (4) public acceptance of fusion energy. Those questions are not simple to answer, but they must be clarified very soon. To achieve the 2050 carbon neutrality in time, a two-pathway approach towards the realization of fusion energy is suggested, and a conclusion is given.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100007,"journal":{"name":"AAPPS Bulletin","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43673-022-00040-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75740851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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